基于CA_MobileViT模型的水稻钾素营养诊断研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0146

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为快速、准确地诊断水稻钾素的胁迫程度，以晚稻品种黄华占为材料进行大田试验，对基肥和拔节期追肥分别设置4个钾素施肥水平处理。以分蘖期和拔节期水稻主茎顶部3片展开叶的扫描图像作为数据集，以MobileViT为骨架，将Coordinate Attention引入到MobileViT的Layer中的每个3 $×$ 3卷积的BN层之后，构建CA_MobileViT模型并引入迁移学习。通过对比EfficientNet-V2、ConvNeXt、MobileViT和CA_MobileViT模型进行验证，结果表明：4个模型的准确率分别为98.4%、98.5%、94.2%、95.3%。其中CA_MobileViT模型的准确率为95.3%，比MobileViT模型提高了1.1百分点，却比EfficientNet-V2模型准确率低3.1百分点，比ConvNeXt模型准确率低3.2百分点，但CA_MobileViT模型参数量约EfficientNet-V2和ConvNeXt大模型的1/4，训练时间缩短了约1/3。改进的CA_MobileViT模型对于水稻钾素胁迫程度诊断具有较高的准确率，能有效地指导水稻钾素科学追肥管理，也为其他农作物的营养快速、精确诊断提供了一种普适、可行的方法。

关键词: 水稻, 钾素营养诊断, 轻量混合模型, 迁移学习, Coordinate Attention

Abstract:

In order to rapidly and accuratelely diagnose and recognize potassium stress degree of rice， The Huanghuazhan variety of late rice was used as material， and 4 potassium fertilization levels were set respectively for base fertilizer and topdressing at jointing stage. Taking scanned images of 3 spread leaves of main stem at tiller stage and jointing stage as data set， and MobileViT as the skeleton， the CA_MobileViT model was constructed after introducing Coordinate Attention to the BN Layer of each 3×3 convolution in the layer of MobileViT and introduce transfer learning. The results were verified by comparing EfficientNet-V2， ConvNeXt， MobileViT and CA_MobileViT models. The results showed that the accuracy rates of the 4 models were 98.4%， 98.5%， 94.2% and 95.3%， respectively. The accuracy of CA_MobileViT model was 95.3%， 1.1 percent point higher than that of MobileViT model， but 3.1 percent point lower than that of EfficientNet-V2 model and 3.2 percent point lower than that of ConvNeXt model. However， the number of parameters of CA_MobileViT models was about 1/4 of the EfficientNet-V2 and ConvNeXt large models， and the training time was reduced by about 1/3. The improved CA_MobileViT model has a high accuracy for the diagnosis of potassium stress degree of rice， and could effectively guide the scientific potassium topdressing management of rice， and also provide a universal and feasible method for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of nutrition of other crops.

Key words: rice, potassium nutrition diagnosis, lightweight hybrid model, transfer learning, Coordinate Attention

中图分类号:

S126

吴正, 杨红云, 孙爱珍, 孔杰, 黄淑梅. 基于CA_MobileViT模型的水稻钾素营养诊断研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(8): 80-88.

Zheng WU, Hongyun YANG, Aizhen SUN, Jie KONG, Shumei HUANG. Diagnosis of Potassium Nutrition in Rice Based on CA_MobileViT Model[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(8): 80-88.

图/表 8

图1 MobileViT流程A：MobileViT整体架构；B：MobileViTBlock结构；P代表Patch中的像素；N为Patch的数量；d代表处理后的特征维度；H和W分别代表特征图或输入图像的高度和宽度

FIG. 1 MobileViT flowA：Overall architecture of MobileViT；B：MobileViTBlock structure；P represents the pixels in the patch； N is the number of patches； d represents the processed feature dimension； H and W represent the height and width of the feature map or input image， respectively

图2 CA_MobileViT模型A：CoordATT模块结构；B：改进的网络主干部分；C：模型流程结构

Fig. 2 CA_MobileViT modelA： CoordATT module structure； B： Improved network backbone； C： Model process structure

图3 拔节期模型性能曲线A：模型准确率曲线；B：模型损失曲线

Fig. 3 Performance curve of the jointing stage modelA：Model accuracy curve；B：Model loss curve

表1 模型的超参数设置及模型参数量

Table 1 Hyperparameter Settings of the model and the number of model parameters

模型 Model	优化器 Optimizer	学习率 Learning rate	总参数 Total parameters	轮次时间 Epoch time/s
EfficientNet-V2	SGD	0.010 0~0.000 1	20 182 612	276
ConvNeXt	AdamW	0.010 0~0.000 2	27 816 580	289
MobileViT	AdamW	0.010 0~0.000 2	5 578 632	198
CA_MobileViT	AdamW	0.010 0~0.000 2	5 643 988	203

图4 分蘖期模型性能曲线A：模型准确率曲线；B：模型损失曲线

Fig. 4 Performance curve of the tillering stage modelA：Model accuracy curve；B：Model loss curve

表2 模型评估指标对比

Table 2 Comparison of model evaluation indicators

模型 Model	准确率 Accuracy/%	精度 Precision/%	召回率 Recall/%	特异性 $S p e c i f i c i t y$ /%	F₁分数 F₁-score
EfficientNet-V2	98.4	98.5	98.5	99.5	0.985
ConvNeXt	98.5	98.5	98.5	99.5	0.985
MobileViT	94.2	94.4	94.2	98.0	0.942
CA_MobileViT	95.3	95.3	95.3	98.4	0.952

表2 模型评估指标对比

Table 2 Comparison of model evaluation indicators

模型 Model	准确率 Accuracy/%	精度 Precision/%	召回率 Recall/%	特异性 $S p e c i f i c i t y$ /%	F₁分数 F₁-score
EfficientNet-V2	98.4	98.5	98.5	99.5	0.985
ConvNeXt	98.5	98.5	98.5	99.5	0.985
MobileViT	94.2	94.4	94.2	98.0	0.942
CA_MobileViT	95.3	95.3	95.3	98.4	0.952

图5 拔节期的混淆矩阵

Fig. 5 Confusion matrix at jointing stage

图6 Grad-CAM热力图A：CA_MobileVit；B：MobileVit

Fig. 6 Grad-CAM thermal maps

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