Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (10): 210-220.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0313
• BIO-MANUFACTURING & RESOURCE AND ECOLOGY • Previous Articles
Yingmei WANG1,2(), Yanzhuang WANG1, Yingjie LI1, Yan LI1, Miao HE1, Xiaojing WANG1, Hongbin DU1(
)
Received:
2022-04-18
Accepted:
2022-10-08
Online:
2023-10-15
Published:
2023-10-27
Contact:
Hongbin DU
王应梅1,2(), 王艳壮1, 李莹杰1, 李燕1, 何苗1, 王晓璟1, 杜红斌1(
)
通讯作者:
杜红斌
作者简介:
王应梅 E-mail:1543056863@qq.com;
基金资助:
CLC Number:
Yingmei WANG, Yanzhuang WANG, Yingjie LI, Yan LI, Miao HE, Xiaojing WANG, Hongbin DU. Research on Acid-base Pretreatment and Fermentation Process of Walnut Leaf Matrixing[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(10): 210-220.
王应梅, 王艳壮, 李莹杰, 李燕, 何苗, 王晓璟, 杜红斌. 核桃树叶基质化的酸碱前处理与发酵工艺研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(10): 210-220.
处理Treatment | 是否进行前处理Ammonia pretreatment | 鼠李糖脂添加量Rhamnolipid added/% | |
---|---|---|---|
A | A0 | 是Yes | — |
A3 | 是Yes | 0.3 | |
A6 | 是Yes | 0.6 | |
A9 | 是Yes | 0.9 | |
B | B0 | 否No | — |
B3 | 否No | 0.3 | |
B6 | 否No | 0.6 | |
B9 | 否No | 0.9 |
Table 1 Walnut leaves fermentation treatments
处理Treatment | 是否进行前处理Ammonia pretreatment | 鼠李糖脂添加量Rhamnolipid added/% | |
---|---|---|---|
A | A0 | 是Yes | — |
A3 | 是Yes | 0.3 | |
A6 | 是Yes | 0.6 | |
A9 | 是Yes | 0.9 | |
B | B0 | 否No | — |
B3 | 否No | 0.3 | |
B6 | 否No | 0.6 | |
B9 | 否No | 0.9 |
处理Treatment | 等权关联度Equai-weighted correlation | 排序Ranking | 加权关联度Weighted correlation | 排序Ranking | 处理Treatment | 等权关联度Equai-weighted correlation | 排序Ranking | 加权关联度Weighted correlation | 排序Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1H1 | 0.626 | 16 | 0.687 | 8 | C4H1 | 0.640 | 13 | 0.591 | 20 |
C1H2 | 0.684 | 5 | 0.711 | 4 | C4H2 | 0.602 | 21 | 0.560 | 26 |
C1H3 | 0.641 | 12 | 0.685 | 9 | C4H3 | 0.551 | 28 | 0.562 | 25 |
C1H4 | 0.646 | 9 | 0.695 | 7 | C4H4 | 0.548 | 29 | 0.537 | 29 |
C1H5 | 0.707 | 3 | 0.756 | 2 | C4H5 | 0.518 | 30 | 0.494 | 30 |
C2H1 | 0.765 | 1 | 0.766 | 1 | C5H1 | 0.635 | 15 | 0.604 | 18 |
C2H2 | 0.746 | 2 | 0.749 | 3 | C5H2 | 0.613 | 19 | 0.625 | 12 |
C2H3 | 0.677 | 6 | 0.705 | 6 | C5H3 | 0.615 | 18 | 0.612 | 14 |
C2H4 | 0.624 | 17 | 0.673 | 10 | C5H4 | 0.555 | 26 | 0.553 | 27 |
C2H5 | 0.686 | 4 | 0.711 | 5 | C5H5 | 0.600 | 22 | 0.582 | 23 |
C3H1 | 0.586 | 25 | 0.604 | 17 | C6H1 | 0.638 | 14 | 0.588 | 21 |
C3H2 | 0.588 | 24 | 0.580 | 24 | C6H2 | 0.663 | 7 | 0.606 | 16 |
C3H3 | 0.607 | 20 | 0.610 | 15 | C6H3 | 0.642 | 11 | 0.625 | 11 |
C3H4 | 0.590 | 23 | 0.582 | 22 | C6H4 | 0.553 | 27 | 0.544 | 28 |
C3H5 | 0.644 | 10 | 0.595 | 19 | C6H5 | 0.647 | 8 | 0.622 | 13 |
Table 2 Ranking of correlation degree on physical and chemical indexes of walnut leaves treated by different pretreatment
处理Treatment | 等权关联度Equai-weighted correlation | 排序Ranking | 加权关联度Weighted correlation | 排序Ranking | 处理Treatment | 等权关联度Equai-weighted correlation | 排序Ranking | 加权关联度Weighted correlation | 排序Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1H1 | 0.626 | 16 | 0.687 | 8 | C4H1 | 0.640 | 13 | 0.591 | 20 |
C1H2 | 0.684 | 5 | 0.711 | 4 | C4H2 | 0.602 | 21 | 0.560 | 26 |
C1H3 | 0.641 | 12 | 0.685 | 9 | C4H3 | 0.551 | 28 | 0.562 | 25 |
C1H4 | 0.646 | 9 | 0.695 | 7 | C4H4 | 0.548 | 29 | 0.537 | 29 |
C1H5 | 0.707 | 3 | 0.756 | 2 | C4H5 | 0.518 | 30 | 0.494 | 30 |
C2H1 | 0.765 | 1 | 0.766 | 1 | C5H1 | 0.635 | 15 | 0.604 | 18 |
C2H2 | 0.746 | 2 | 0.749 | 3 | C5H2 | 0.613 | 19 | 0.625 | 12 |
C2H3 | 0.677 | 6 | 0.705 | 6 | C5H3 | 0.615 | 18 | 0.612 | 14 |
C2H4 | 0.624 | 17 | 0.673 | 10 | C5H4 | 0.555 | 26 | 0.553 | 27 |
C2H5 | 0.686 | 4 | 0.711 | 5 | C5H5 | 0.600 | 22 | 0.582 | 23 |
C3H1 | 0.586 | 25 | 0.604 | 17 | C6H1 | 0.638 | 14 | 0.588 | 21 |
C3H2 | 0.588 | 24 | 0.580 | 24 | C6H2 | 0.663 | 7 | 0.606 | 16 |
C3H3 | 0.607 | 20 | 0.610 | 15 | C6H3 | 0.642 | 11 | 0.625 | 11 |
C3H4 | 0.590 | 23 | 0.582 | 22 | C6H4 | 0.553 | 27 | 0.544 | 28 |
C3H5 | 0.644 | 10 | 0.595 | 19 | C6H5 | 0.647 | 8 | 0.622 | 13 |
处理Treatment | 等权关联度Equai-weighted correlation | 排序Ranking | 加权关联度Weighted correlation | 排序Ranking | 处理Treatment | 等权关联度Equai-weighted correlation | 排序Ranking | 加权关联度Weighted correlation | 排序Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N1H1 | 0.617 | 19 | 0.610 | 19 | N4H1 | 0.646 | 7 | 0.623 | 16 |
N1H2 | 0.625 | 17 | 0.654 | 9 | N4H2 | 0.662 | 6 | 0.637 | 13 |
N1H3 | 0.625 | 16 | 0.666 | 6 | N4H3 | 0.636 | 9 | 0.631 | 14 |
N1H4 | 0.707 | 2 | 0.739 | 1 | N4H4 | 0.636 | 10 | 0.630 | 15 |
N1H5 | 0.632 | 11 | 0.683 | 5 | N4H5 | 0.680 | 3 | 0.697 | 3 |
N2H1 | 0.664 | 5 | 0.659 | 8 | N5H1 | 0.581 | 26 | 0.522 | 30 |
N2H2 | 0.597 | 22 | 0.646 | 10 | N5H2 | 0.561 | 27 | 0.540 | 29 |
N2H3 | 0.588 | 23 | 0.577 | 24 | N5H3 | 0.546 | 29 | 0.571 | 26 |
N2H4 | 0.532 | 30 | 0.545 | 28 | N5H4 | 0.613 | 20 | 0.577 | 23 |
N2H5 | 0.626 | 15 | 0.644 | 11 | N5H5 | 0.602 | 21 | 0.619 | 17 |
N3H1 | 0.629 | 13 | 0.601 | 21 | N6H1 | 0.621 | 18 | 0.639 | 12 |
N3H2 | 0.732 | 1 | 0.698 | 2 | N6H2 | 0.559 | 28 | 0.573 | 25 |
N3H3 | 0.630 | 12 | 0.599 | 22 | N6H3 | 0.643 | 8 | 0.663 | 7 |
N3H4 | 0.584 | 25 | 0.617 | 18 | N6H4 | 0.587 | 24 | 0.557 | 27 |
N3H5 | 0.627 | 14 | 0.602 | 20 | N6H5 | 0.677 | 4 | 0.695 | 4 |
Table 3 Correlation degree of physical and chemical indexes of walnut leaves treated by different concentration of hartshorn and different duration
处理Treatment | 等权关联度Equai-weighted correlation | 排序Ranking | 加权关联度Weighted correlation | 排序Ranking | 处理Treatment | 等权关联度Equai-weighted correlation | 排序Ranking | 加权关联度Weighted correlation | 排序Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N1H1 | 0.617 | 19 | 0.610 | 19 | N4H1 | 0.646 | 7 | 0.623 | 16 |
N1H2 | 0.625 | 17 | 0.654 | 9 | N4H2 | 0.662 | 6 | 0.637 | 13 |
N1H3 | 0.625 | 16 | 0.666 | 6 | N4H3 | 0.636 | 9 | 0.631 | 14 |
N1H4 | 0.707 | 2 | 0.739 | 1 | N4H4 | 0.636 | 10 | 0.630 | 15 |
N1H5 | 0.632 | 11 | 0.683 | 5 | N4H5 | 0.680 | 3 | 0.697 | 3 |
N2H1 | 0.664 | 5 | 0.659 | 8 | N5H1 | 0.581 | 26 | 0.522 | 30 |
N2H2 | 0.597 | 22 | 0.646 | 10 | N5H2 | 0.561 | 27 | 0.540 | 29 |
N2H3 | 0.588 | 23 | 0.577 | 24 | N5H3 | 0.546 | 29 | 0.571 | 26 |
N2H4 | 0.532 | 30 | 0.545 | 28 | N5H4 | 0.613 | 20 | 0.577 | 23 |
N2H5 | 0.626 | 15 | 0.644 | 11 | N5H5 | 0.602 | 21 | 0.619 | 17 |
N3H1 | 0.629 | 13 | 0.601 | 21 | N6H1 | 0.621 | 18 | 0.639 | 12 |
N3H2 | 0.732 | 1 | 0.698 | 2 | N6H2 | 0.559 | 28 | 0.573 | 25 |
N3H3 | 0.630 | 12 | 0.599 | 22 | N6H3 | 0.643 | 8 | 0.663 | 7 |
N3H4 | 0.584 | 25 | 0.617 | 18 | N6H4 | 0.587 | 24 | 0.557 | 27 |
N3H5 | 0.627 | 14 | 0.602 | 20 | N6H5 | 0.677 | 4 | 0.695 | 4 |
指标Index | 草酸 Oxalic acid | 氨水 Ammonia |
---|---|---|
溶液浓度Solution concentration/% | 1.00 | 0.50 |
处理时长Processing time/h | 0.50 | 2.00 |
容重Bulk density/(g·cm-3) | 0.13 | 0.11 |
总孔隙度Total porosity/% | 74.23 | 75.93 |
通气孔隙度Ventilation porosity/% | 34.11 | 35.40 |
持水孔隙度Water holding porosity/% | 40.12 | 40.53 |
气水比Gas water ratio | 0.86 | 0.87 |
pH | 3.09 | 6.61 |
电导率EC/(mS·cm-1) | 0.98 | 0.99 |
Table 4 Physicochemical properties of walnut leaves treated with oxalic acid and ammonia
指标Index | 草酸 Oxalic acid | 氨水 Ammonia |
---|---|---|
溶液浓度Solution concentration/% | 1.00 | 0.50 |
处理时长Processing time/h | 0.50 | 2.00 |
容重Bulk density/(g·cm-3) | 0.13 | 0.11 |
总孔隙度Total porosity/% | 74.23 | 75.93 |
通气孔隙度Ventilation porosity/% | 34.11 | 35.40 |
持水孔隙度Water holding porosity/% | 40.12 | 40.53 |
气水比Gas water ratio | 0.86 | 0.87 |
pH | 3.09 | 6.61 |
电导率EC/(mS·cm-1) | 0.98 | 0.99 |
Fig. 1 Changes of heap temperature and temperature under different fermentation treatmentsNote: The dump was turned on 5 July, 24 July and 6 August, and the temperature was not determined.
Fig. 4 C/N and T value under different fermentation treatmentsNote: Different lowercase latters indicate significant differenmes betwen different treatments at P<0.05 level.
Fig. 5 Seed germination index of substrate extracts under different fermentation treatmentsNote: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.
元素 Element | A0 | A3 | A6 | A9 | B0 | B3 | B6 | B9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
钼Mo/(mg·kg-1) | 8.11±0.11 a | 0.44±0.16 g | 1.14±0.08 f | 4.01±0.18 c | 2.56±0.17 e | 3.15±0.17 d | 6.99±0.22 b | 2.59±0.11 e |
锌Zn/(mg·kg-1) | 85.25±0.25 a | 51.44±0.18 d | 42.35±0.12 g | 59.93±0.20 c | 48.59±0.24 e | 60.44±0.16 b | 59.81±0.10 c | 46.03±0.01 f |
银Ag/(mg·kg-1) | 0.19±0.01 d | 0.01±0.00 e | 0.01±0.00 e | 0.29±0.01 b | 0.02±0.00 e | 0.01±0.00 e | 0.25±0.01 c | 1.79±0.05 a |
镍Ni/(mg·kg-1) | 14.43±0.15 f | 10.55±0.15 g | 23.07±0.09 b | 26.78±0.15 a | 20.49±0.15 e | 21.93±0.23 c | 21.41±0.22 d | 20.69±0.21 e |
铅Pb/(mg·kg-1) | 11.48±0.22 a | 6.82±0.18 d | 5.65±0.17 f | 9.57±0.12 b | 6.49±0.09 e | 6.54±0.16 e | 7.52±0.11 c | 4.22±0.12 g |
钠Na/(mg·L-1) | 80.53±2.31 g | 117.94±2.31 d | 100.57±2.31 e | 89.88±2.31 f | 162.02±2.31 c | 164.70±2.31 bc | 167.37±0.00 b | 188.74±2.31 a |
氯Cl/(mg·L-1) | 114.15±0.71 g | 155.27±0.71 e | 148.89±0.71 f | 108.24±0.82 h | 983.38±1.88 c | 894.76±1.42 d | 988.35±1.42 b | 1 033.48±1.08 a |
钒V/ (mg·kg-1) | 20.53±0.12 a | 13.34±0.14 c | 11.42±0.11 e | 17.88±0.18 b | 10.27±0.25 f | 12.73±0.23 d | 10.56±0.17 f | 6.78±0.19 g |
铬Cr/(mg·kg-1) | 23.95±0.11 b | 15.32±0.13 f | 14.47±0.09 g | 21.81±0.19 c | 17.11±0.23 e | 27.82±0.13 a | 20.81±0.21 d | 13.72±0.19 h |
钴Co/(mg·kg-1) | 3.25±0.23 a | 1.89±0.12 e | 1.78±0.07 e | 2.86±0.09 b | 1.97±0.12 de | 2.33±0.08 c | 2.16±0.13 cd | 1.47±0.1 f |
砷As/(mg·kg-1) | 5.57±0.33 d | 0.67±0.11 g | 0.58±0.05 g | 6.39±0.07 c | 1.12±0.07 f | 7.08±0.15 b | 8.87±0.31 a | 4.39±0.13 e |
汞Hg/(mg·kg-1) | 0.30±0.10 a | 0.17±0.03 b | 0.16±0.00 b | 0.14±0.01 b | 0.14±0.00 b | 0.14±0.00 b | 0.06±0.00 c | 0.04±0.00 c |
镉Cd/(mg·kg-1) | 0.260±0.018 a | 0.001±0.001 f | 0.001±0.001 f | 0.096±0.002 c | 0.031±0.005 d | 0.018±0.008 e | 0.177±0.002 b | 0.003±0.002 f |
铜Cu/(mg·kg-1) | 16.43±0.14 b | 11.54±0.17 f | 10.47±0.12 g | 15.30±0.14 c | 13.90±0.05 e | 16.52±0.17 b | 20.91±0.13 a | 14.37±0.21 d |
Table 5 Contents of heavy metals and potentially toxic elements in walnut leaf substrate
元素 Element | A0 | A3 | A6 | A9 | B0 | B3 | B6 | B9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
钼Mo/(mg·kg-1) | 8.11±0.11 a | 0.44±0.16 g | 1.14±0.08 f | 4.01±0.18 c | 2.56±0.17 e | 3.15±0.17 d | 6.99±0.22 b | 2.59±0.11 e |
锌Zn/(mg·kg-1) | 85.25±0.25 a | 51.44±0.18 d | 42.35±0.12 g | 59.93±0.20 c | 48.59±0.24 e | 60.44±0.16 b | 59.81±0.10 c | 46.03±0.01 f |
银Ag/(mg·kg-1) | 0.19±0.01 d | 0.01±0.00 e | 0.01±0.00 e | 0.29±0.01 b | 0.02±0.00 e | 0.01±0.00 e | 0.25±0.01 c | 1.79±0.05 a |
镍Ni/(mg·kg-1) | 14.43±0.15 f | 10.55±0.15 g | 23.07±0.09 b | 26.78±0.15 a | 20.49±0.15 e | 21.93±0.23 c | 21.41±0.22 d | 20.69±0.21 e |
铅Pb/(mg·kg-1) | 11.48±0.22 a | 6.82±0.18 d | 5.65±0.17 f | 9.57±0.12 b | 6.49±0.09 e | 6.54±0.16 e | 7.52±0.11 c | 4.22±0.12 g |
钠Na/(mg·L-1) | 80.53±2.31 g | 117.94±2.31 d | 100.57±2.31 e | 89.88±2.31 f | 162.02±2.31 c | 164.70±2.31 bc | 167.37±0.00 b | 188.74±2.31 a |
氯Cl/(mg·L-1) | 114.15±0.71 g | 155.27±0.71 e | 148.89±0.71 f | 108.24±0.82 h | 983.38±1.88 c | 894.76±1.42 d | 988.35±1.42 b | 1 033.48±1.08 a |
钒V/ (mg·kg-1) | 20.53±0.12 a | 13.34±0.14 c | 11.42±0.11 e | 17.88±0.18 b | 10.27±0.25 f | 12.73±0.23 d | 10.56±0.17 f | 6.78±0.19 g |
铬Cr/(mg·kg-1) | 23.95±0.11 b | 15.32±0.13 f | 14.47±0.09 g | 21.81±0.19 c | 17.11±0.23 e | 27.82±0.13 a | 20.81±0.21 d | 13.72±0.19 h |
钴Co/(mg·kg-1) | 3.25±0.23 a | 1.89±0.12 e | 1.78±0.07 e | 2.86±0.09 b | 1.97±0.12 de | 2.33±0.08 c | 2.16±0.13 cd | 1.47±0.1 f |
砷As/(mg·kg-1) | 5.57±0.33 d | 0.67±0.11 g | 0.58±0.05 g | 6.39±0.07 c | 1.12±0.07 f | 7.08±0.15 b | 8.87±0.31 a | 4.39±0.13 e |
汞Hg/(mg·kg-1) | 0.30±0.10 a | 0.17±0.03 b | 0.16±0.00 b | 0.14±0.01 b | 0.14±0.00 b | 0.14±0.00 b | 0.06±0.00 c | 0.04±0.00 c |
镉Cd/(mg·kg-1) | 0.260±0.018 a | 0.001±0.001 f | 0.001±0.001 f | 0.096±0.002 c | 0.031±0.005 d | 0.018±0.008 e | 0.177±0.002 b | 0.003±0.002 f |
铜Cu/(mg·kg-1) | 16.43±0.14 b | 11.54±0.17 f | 10.47±0.12 g | 15.30±0.14 c | 13.90±0.05 e | 16.52±0.17 b | 20.91±0.13 a | 14.37±0.21 d |
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