Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Content of Mineral Elements in Flowers of Different Tea Germplasm Resources

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0228

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to evaluate the differences in the mineral nutrient quality of the flowers of different tea germplasm resources comprehensively， the contents of 18 mineral elements in 23 tea flower samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy （ICP-OES） and analyzed by correlation analysis， cluster heatmap analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that there were abundant genetic variations among the 23 tea flower samples in the content of mineral elements. The coefficient of variation ranged from 11.86% to 48.96% and the genetic diversity index ranged from 1.19 to 2.19. Contents of K， Ca， Mg， P， S， Al， B， Ba， Cr， Cu， Fe， Mn， and Ti obeyed the normal distribution， contents of Na， Co， Ni and Zn obeyed positive skew distribution and content of Se obeyed negative skew distribution by W test. The 23 tea flower samples were divided into three groups by cluster heatmap analysis. According to the principal component analysis， the top five tea flower samples with higher comprehensive score of mineral nutrient quality were ‘Pingyangtezaocha’‘Bayutezao’ ‘Huangjinya’ ‘Mingshanzao 311’ and ‘Dahongpao’， which could be used as good materials for tea flower development and utilization. The results provided a scientific basis for the utilization of tea germplasms and product developing of tea flower.

Key words: tea plant, germplasm, flower, mineral element, principal component analysis, cluster heatmap analysis

摘要：

为综合评价不同茶树种质资源花器的矿质营养品质差异，采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪法测定了23份茶树种质资源花器中18种矿质元素含量，并对其进行相关性分析、聚类热图分析和主成分分析。结果表明，茶树种质资源花器中18种矿质元素含量具有较为丰富的多样性，变异系数为11.86%~48.96%，遗传多样性指数为1.19~2.19；钾、钙、镁、磷、硫、铝、硼、钡、铬、铜、铁、锰、钛13种元素含量呈正态分布，钠、钴、镍、锌4种元素含量呈正偏态分布，硒含量呈负偏态分布；聚类热图分析将23份茶树种质资源花器分为3个类群；经主成分分析，矿质营养品质综合得分排在前5位的茶树种质资源花器材料依次为‘平阳特早茶’‘巴渝特早’‘黄金芽’‘名山早311’和‘大红袍’，可作为优先开发利用的材料。研究结果可为茶树种质资源的创新利用和茶树花产品的开发提供科学依据。

关键词: 茶树, 种质资源, 花器, 矿质元素, 主成分分析, 聚类热图分析

CLC Number:

S571.1

Shulin ZHENG, Yutao SHI, Feiquan WANG, Bangqiang WU, Yuanhua LI, Bo ZHANG, Naixing YE. Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Content of Mineral Elements in Flowers of Different Tea Germplasm Resources[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(4): 178-188.

郑淑琳, 石玉涛, 王飞权, 吴邦强, 李远华, 张渤, 叶乃兴. 不同茶树种质资源花器矿质元素含量分析与综合评价[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(4): 178-188.

Figures/Tables 7

References 38

1	XIA E H, TONG W, WU Q, et al.. Tea plant genomics: achievements, challenges, and perspectives [J/OL]. Hortic. Res., 2020, 7(7): 0225-4 [2022-03-24]. .
2	YANG Y, SUN M, LI S, et al.. Germplasm resources and genetic breeding of Paeonia: a systematic review [J/OL]. Hortic. Res., 2020, 7(1): 0332-2 [2022-03-24]. .
3	金基强,张晨禹,马建强, 等.茶树种质资源研究“十三五”进展及“十四五”发展方向[J].中国茶叶,2021,43(9):42-49, 76.
	JIN J Q, ZHANG C Y, MA J Q, et al.. Research progress on tea germplasms during the 13^th five-year plan period and development direction in the 14^th five-year plan period [J]. China Tea J., 2021,43(9):42-49, 76.
4	SOETAN K O, OLAIYA C O, OYEWOLE O E. The importance of mineral elements for humans, domestic animals, and plants-a review [J]. African J. Food sci., 2010, 4(5): 200-222.
5	齐冰洁,王敏,张智勇,等.燕麦种质资源矿质元素的多样性分析[J].作物杂志,2020(4):72-78.
	QI B J, WANG M, ZHANG Z Y, et al.. Diversity analysis of mineral elements in oat germplasm resources [J]. Crops, 2020(4):72-78.
6	MATSUDA H, NAKAMURA S, MORIKAWA T, et al.. New biofunctional effects of the flower buds of Camellia sinensis and its bioactive acylated oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides [J]. J. Nat. Med., 2016, 70(4):689-701.
7	CHEN D, CHEN G, DING Y, et al.. Polysaccharides from the flowers of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) modulate gut health and ameliorate cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression [J/OL]. J. Funct. Foods, 2019, 61: 103470 [2022-03-24]. .
8	CHEN Y, FU X, MEI X, et al.. Characterization of functional proteases from flowers of tea (Camellia sinensis) plants [J]. J. Funct. Foods, 2016, 25: 149-159.
9	CHEN D, CHEN G, SUN Y, et al.. Physiological genetics, chemical composition, health benefits and toxicology of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) flower: a review [J/OL]. Food Res. Int., 2020, 137: 109584 [2022-03-24]. .
10	LI B, JIN Y, XU Y, et al.. Safety evaluation of tea (Camellia sinensis) flower extract: assessment of mutagenicity, and acute and subchronic toxicity in rats [J]. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2011, 133(2): 583-590.
11	朱建新,程福建,林全女,等.茶树花资源综合利用及保健功效研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2021,49(6):7-9.
	ZHU J X, CHENG F J, LIN Q N, et al.. Research progress on the comprehensive utilization and health efficacy of tea flower resources [J]. J. Anhui Agric. Sci., 2021,49(6):7-9.
12	王泽涵,于文涛,王鹏杰,等.茶树花不同发育时期的转录组分析[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2022,51(1):46-52.
	WANG Z H, YU W T, WANG P J, et al.. Transcriptome analysis at different flowering developmental stages of tea plant [J]. J. Fujian Agric. For. Univ. (Nat. Sci.), 2022,51(1):46-52.
13	李金,陈莲芙,金恩惠,等.不同茶树品种的茶树花黄酮苷研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2019,45(6):707-714.
	LI J, CHEN L F, JIN E H, et al.. Research on flavonoid glycosides of tea flower in different tea plant cultivars [J]. J. Zhejiang Univ. (Agric. Life Sci.), 2019,45(6):707-714.
14	黄艳,商虎,朱嘉威,等.加工工艺对茶树花品质及抗氧化活性的影响[J].食品科学,2020,41(11):165-170.
	HUANG Y, SHANG H, ZHU J W, et al.. Effects of processing treatments on quality and antioxidant activity of tea plant flower [J]. Food Sci., 2020,41(11):165-170.
15	CHEN D, DING Y, CHEN G, et al.. Components identification and nutritional value exploration of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) flower extract: evidence for functional food [J/OL]. Food Res. Int., 2020, 132: 109100 [2022-03-24]. .
16	许兰,张丹,仝团团,等.茶树花提取物的抑菌和美白功效评价[J].天然产物研究与开发,2018,30(8):1287-1293.
	XU L, ZHANG D, TONG T T, et al.. Assessment on antibacterial and whitening effect of tea (Camellia sinensis) flower extraction [J]. Nat. Prod. Res. Dev., 2018,30(8):1287-1293.
17	郑淑琳,石玉涛,王飞权,等.乌龙茶种质资源矿质元素含量特征分析与评价[J].福建农业学报,2020,35(2):150-160.
	ZHENG S L, SHI Y T, WANG F Q, et al.. Minerals in oolong tea germplasms [J]. Fujian J. Agric. Sci., 2020,35(2):150-160.
18	石玉涛,郑淑琳,王飞权,等.武夷名丛茶树种质资源矿质元素含量特征分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2020,22(7):37-50.
	SHI Y T, ZHENG S L, WANG F Q, et al.. Characteristics analysis of mineral element contents in Wuyi Mingcong tea plant germplasm resources [J]. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 2020,22(7):37-50.
19	徐桂妹,陈泉宾.武夷岩茶产区的气候条件分析[J].茶叶科学技术,2009(3): 36-38.
20	叶江华,张奇,林生,等.大红袍茶树生长及鲜叶品质与土壤特性的相关性[J].森林与环境学报,2019,39(5):488-496.
	YE J H, ZHANG Q, LIN S, et al.. Correlation of growth and fresh leaf quality of Dahongpao tea tree with soil characteristics [J]. J. For. Environ., 2019,39(5):488-496.
21	叶宏萌,郑茂钟,李国平,等.武夷岩茶主产区土壤及茶叶微量元素分布特征[J].森林与环境学报,2016,36(4):423-428.
	YE H M, ZHENG M Z, LI G P, et al.. Distribution characteristics of trace elements in the soils and tea leaves in Wuyi Yan tea provenance [J]. J. For. Environ., 2016,36(4):423-428.
22	JIA S, WANG Y, HU J, et al.. Mineral and metabolic profiles in tea leaves and flowers during flower development [J]. Plant Physiol. Bioch., 2016, 106: 316-326.
23	王洁,石元值,张群峰,等.基于矿物元素指纹的龙井茶产地溯源[J].核农学报,2017,31(3):547-558.
	WANG J, SHI Y Z, ZHANG Q F, et al.. Geographical origin discriminant of Longjing tea based on mineral element fingerprints [J]. J. Nucl. Agric. Sci., 2017, 31(3):547-558.
24	黄月琴,方荣,陈学军,等.茄子种质资源表型性状分析与遗传多样性评价[J].热带作物学报,2021,42(7):1896-1904.
	HUANG Y Q, FANG R, CHEN X J, et al.. Analysis of phenotypic traits and evaluation genetic diversity of eggplant germplasm resources [J]. Chin. J. Trop. Crops, 2021,42(7):1896-1904.
25	CHEN C, CHEN H, ZHANG Y, et al.. TBtools: an integrative toolkit developed for interactive analyses of big biological data [J]. Mol. Plant, 2020, 13(8): 1194-1202.
26	刘伟,张群,李志坚,等.不同品种黄花菜游离氨基酸组成的主成分分析及聚类分析[J].食品科学,2019,40(10):243-250.
	LIU W, ZHANG Q, LI Z J, et al.. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis for evaluating free amino acids of different cultivars of daylily buds [J]. Food Sci., 2019,40(10):243-250.
27	马小卫, 马永利, 武红霞,等. 基于因子分析和聚类分析的杧果种质矿质元素含量评价[J]. 园艺学报, 2018, 45(7):1371-1381.
	MA X W, MA Y L, WU H X, et al.. Assessment of mineral elements contents at the mango germplasm level based on factor analysis and cluster analysis [J]. Acta Hortic. Sin., 2018, 45(7):1371-1381.
28	张正仁, 宋长铣.土壤环境和植物基因型与土壤中微量元素的关系[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),1992,28(3):472-478.
	ZHANG Z R, SONG C X. The relationship between micronutrients in soil, and soil environments and plant genotypes [J]. J. Nanjing Univ. (Nat. Sci.), 1992,28(3):472-478.
29	杨雪梅,张锦超,邓光华,等.不同石榴品种籽粒矿质营养元素含量综合评价[J].山东农业科学,2022,54(2):63-68.
	YANG X M, ZHANG J C, DENG G H, et al.. Comprehensive evaluation of mineral elements contents in arils of different pomegranate varieties [J]. Shandong Agric. Sci.,2022,54(2):63-68.
30	陈昌婕,苗玉焕,方艳,等.不同艾种质资源矿质元素含量及其与品质的关系[J].中国中药杂志,2022,47(4):880-888.
	CHEN C J, MIAO Y H, FANG Y, et al.. Content of mineral elements in different Artemisia argyi germplasms and their relationship with quality properties [J]. China J. Chin. Mater. Med., 2022,47(4):880-888.
31	薛晓芳,赵爱玲,王永康,等.不同枣品种果实矿质元素含量分析[J].山西农业科学,2016,44(6):741-745.
	XUE X F, ZHAO A L, WANG Y K, et al.. Analysis on mineral element contents of fruits in different Chinese jujube varieties [J]. Shanxi Agric. Sci., 2016,44(6):741-745.
32	项越,赵淑婷,吴昊,等.虎尾草不同器官矿质元素含量对碱化环境的响应[J].草业科学,2022,39(3):511-519.
	XIANG Y, ZHAO S T, WU H, et al.. Effects of alkali stress on the content of mineral elements in different organs of Chloris virgata [J]. Pratac. Sci., 2022,39(3):511-519.
33	杨波,车玉红,徐叶挺,等.不同扁桃品种花和叶片矿质营养元素含量分析[J].新疆农业科学,2013,50(3):466-470.
	YANG B, CHE Y H, XU Y T, et al.. Analysis of mineral nutrient content of flowers and leaves of different varieties of almond (Oblate Peach) [J]. Xinjiang Agric. Sci., 2013,50(3):466-470.
34	王健胜,吴政卿,周正富,等.国内外小麦种质主要矿质元素含量的评价分析[J].分子植物育种,2018,16(22):7550-7557.
	WANG J S, WU Z Q, ZHOU Z F, et al.. Evaluation and analysis of major mineral elements content in domestic and foreign wheat germplasm [J]. Mol. Plant Breed., 2018, 16(22):7550-7557.
35	严学成, 马艳兰, 孙治旭, 等. 茶叶中铬、镉、汞、砷及氟化物限量: [S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 2003.
36	刘新, 汪庆华, 张宪, 等. 绿色食品茶叶: [S].北京: 中国农业出版社, 2018.
37	张祺悦,张健,李赫,等.硒蛋白结构与营养功能研究进展[J].食品研究与开发,2021,42(3):196-201.
	ZHANG Q Y, ZHANG J, LI H, et al.. Research progress of selenoprotein structure and nutritional function [J]. Food Res. Dev., 2021,42(3):196-201.
38	李传友, 吕宗浩, 黄辉, 等. 富硒茶: [S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 2002.

样品编号 Sample No.	种质名称 Germplasm name	来源地 Origin	样品编号 Sample No.	种质名称 Germplasm name	来源地 Origin
TF01	巴渝特早 Bayutezao	重庆Chongqing	TF13	名山白毫131 Mingshanbaihao 131	四川Sichuan
TF02	白鸡冠 Baijiguan	福建Fujian	TF14	名山早311 Mingshanzao 311	四川Sichuan
TF03	半天妖 Bantianyao	福建Fujian	TF15	平阳特早茶 Pingyangtezaocha	浙江Zhejiang
TF04	北斗 Beidou	福建Fujian	TF16	奇曲 Qiqu	福建Fujian
TF05	春闺 Chungui	福建Fujian	TF17	千年雪 Qiannianxue	浙江Zhejiang
TF06	大红袍 Dahongpao	福建Fujian	TF18	青心乌龙 Qingxinwulong	台湾Taiwan
TF07	丹桂 Dangui	福建Fujian	TF19	秋香 Qiuxiang	福建Fujian
TF08	黄金芽 Huangjinya	浙江Zhejiang	TF20	肉桂 Rougui	福建Fujian
TF09	金凤凰 Jinfenghuang	福建Fujian	TF21	玉麒麟 Yuqilin	福建Fujian
TF10	涟源奇曲 Lianyuanqiqu	湖南Hunan	TF22	紫红袍 Zihongpao	福建Fujian
TF11	龙井43 Longjing 43	浙江Zhejiang	TF23	紫娟 Zijuan	云南Yunnan
TF12	蒙山11号 Mengshan 11	四川Sichuan

样品编号 Sample No.	种质名称 Germplasm name	来源地 Origin	样品编号 Sample No.	种质名称 Germplasm name	来源地 Origin
TF01	巴渝特早 Bayutezao	重庆Chongqing	TF13	名山白毫131 Mingshanbaihao 131	四川Sichuan
TF02	白鸡冠 Baijiguan	福建Fujian	TF14	名山早311 Mingshanzao 311	四川Sichuan
TF03	半天妖 Bantianyao	福建Fujian	TF15	平阳特早茶 Pingyangtezaocha	浙江Zhejiang
TF04	北斗 Beidou	福建Fujian	TF16	奇曲 Qiqu	福建Fujian
TF05	春闺 Chungui	福建Fujian	TF17	千年雪 Qiannianxue	浙江Zhejiang
TF06	大红袍 Dahongpao	福建Fujian	TF18	青心乌龙 Qingxinwulong	台湾Taiwan
TF07	丹桂 Dangui	福建Fujian	TF19	秋香 Qiuxiang	福建Fujian
TF08	黄金芽 Huangjinya	浙江Zhejiang	TF20	肉桂 Rougui	福建Fujian
TF09	金凤凰 Jinfenghuang	福建Fujian	TF21	玉麒麟 Yuqilin	福建Fujian
TF10	涟源奇曲 Lianyuanqiqu	湖南Hunan	TF22	紫红袍 Zihongpao	福建Fujian
TF11	龙井43 Longjing 43	浙江Zhejiang	TF23	紫娟 Zijuan	云南Yunnan
TF12	蒙山11号 Mengshan 11	四川Sichuan

元素 Element	平均值 Mean value/（mg·kg^-1）	最大值 Maximum value/（mg·kg^-1）	最小值 Minimum value/（mg·kg^-1）	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV/%	遗传多样性指数 H'
K	8 139.44	10 169.54	5 614.87	1 055.13	12.96	1.93
Ca	1 727.96	2 600.14	1 148.81	333.25	19.29	1.19
P	1 011.08	1 300.50	686.00	137.70	13.62	2.02
Mg	794.35	1 013.86	560.02	109.06	13.73	2.05
Mn	701.42	1 032.77	456.10	122.89	17.52	1.91
S	172.83	208.41	132.26	20.50	11.86	2.19
Al	131.61	214.93	88.41	30.03	22.81	2.04
B	43.99	80.01	18.72	18.38	41.78	2.13
Ba	30.36	51.87	13.60	10.24	33.73	2.17
Fe	22.71	42.60	13.11	5.92	26.08	1.78
Na	21.47	33.36	15.20	4.62	21.53	1.90
Zn	9.37	15.29	6.77	2.08	22.16	1.83
Cu	3.53	5.39	2.19	0.77	21.76	1.92
Ti	1.83	3.11	1.02	0.54	29.51	2.04
Ni	0.70	1.73	0.27	0.34	48.96	1.65
Cr	0.51	0.92	0.24	0.19	37.42	1.99
Se	0.40	0.53	0.22	0.06	15.88	1.73
Co	0.37	0.81	0.22	0.14	38.71	1.79

元素 Element	平均值 Mean value/（mg·kg^-1）	最大值 Maximum value/（mg·kg^-1）	最小值 Minimum value/（mg·kg^-1）	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV/%	遗传多样性指数 H'
K	8 139.44	10 169.54	5 614.87	1 055.13	12.96	1.93
Ca	1 727.96	2 600.14	1 148.81	333.25	19.29	1.19
P	1 011.08	1 300.50	686.00	137.70	13.62	2.02
Mg	794.35	1 013.86	560.02	109.06	13.73	2.05
Mn	701.42	1 032.77	456.10	122.89	17.52	1.91
S	172.83	208.41	132.26	20.50	11.86	2.19
Al	131.61	214.93	88.41	30.03	22.81	2.04
B	43.99	80.01	18.72	18.38	41.78	2.13
Ba	30.36	51.87	13.60	10.24	33.73	2.17
Fe	22.71	42.60	13.11	5.92	26.08	1.78
Na	21.47	33.36	15.20	4.62	21.53	1.90
Zn	9.37	15.29	6.77	2.08	22.16	1.83
Cu	3.53	5.39	2.19	0.77	21.76	1.92
Ti	1.83	3.11	1.02	0.54	29.51	2.04
Ni	0.70	1.73	0.27	0.34	48.96	1.65
Cr	0.51	0.92	0.24	0.19	37.42	1.99
Se	0.40	0.53	0.22	0.06	15.88	1.73
Co	0.37	0.81	0.22	0.14	38.71	1.79

矿质元素 Mineral element	主成分Principal component
矿质元素 Mineral element	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5	PC6	PC7
Al （X₁）	0.137	0.162	-0.061	0.395	-0.388	-0.262	-0.396
B （X₂）	0.095	0.474	-0.141	0.078	0.145	0.088	-0.040
Ba （X₃）	0.157	0.398	0.061	0.022	-0.030	0.417	0.199
Ca （X₄）	0.264	0.082	0.401	-0.070	-0.279	0.183	0.055
Co （X₅）	0.213	-0.224	-0.213	0.113	-0.094	0.569	-0.174
Cr （X₆）	-0.010	0.293	0.318	-0.035	0.307	0.014	-0.209
Cu （X₇）	0.294	-0.169	-0.015	0.104	0.321	-0.107	0.346
Fe （X₈）	0.071	-0.074	0.088	0.481	0.423	-0.149	-0.348
K （X₉）	0.422	0.035	0.053	-0.226	0.095	0.148	-0.211
Mg （X₁₀）	0.354	-0.008	0.089	0.117	0.034	-0.429	0.332
Mn （X₁₁）	0.287	-0.101	0.222	0.263	-0.407	-0.026	-0.114
Na （X₁₂）	0.000	-0.224	0.393	0.138	-0.037	0.092	0.109
Ni （X₁₃）	-0.044	-0.260	-0.049	0.451	0.285	0.362	0.070
P （X₁₄）	0.411	-0.062	-0.256	-0.157	0.117	-0.053	-0.019
S （X₁₅）	0.339	-0.167	-0.332	-0.061	-0.088	-0.060	0.139
Se （X₁₆）	-0.050	0.306	0.058	0.373	-0.089	0.060	0.510
Ti （X₁₇）	0.154	0.397	-0.251	0.073	0.128	-0.037	-0.100
Zn （X₁₈）	0.207	-0.023	0.446	-0.218	0.245	-0.009	-0.100
特征值Eigenvalue	4.055	3.420	2.560	1.697	1.638	1.097	1.045
贡献率 Contribution rate/%	22.529	19.002	14.221	9.429	9.101	6.093	5.805
累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%	22.529	41.531	55.751	65.181	74.281	80.374	86.179