Analysis on Structure and Diversity of Fungi Community in Rhizosphere Soil and Root System of Camellia oleifera Root Rot

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1006

Abstract

Abstract:

To clarify the fungal community composition， diversity， functional characteristics and environmental factor relevance in the root system and inter-rhizosphere soil of Camellia oleifera with root rot at different disease levels， internal transcribed spacer（ITS） sequences of fungi within the fibrous roots and rhizosphere soil of C. oleifera of 5 disease classes were sequenced using high-throughput sequencing technology in Lianghe county， Dehong prefecture. The results showed that the diversity （Shannon index） of fungal communities within the diseased C. oleifera fibrous roots and rhizosphere soil would decrease， and the total operational taxonomic units（OTUs）， endemic OTUs and abundance （Chao1 index） of fungi in the roots showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend； the uniformity and abundance of fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of diseased C. oleifera increased. At the phylum level， Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the common dominant phylum in the fibrous roots and rhizosphere soil， while Glomeromycota and Mortierellomycota showed a decreasing trend in abundance in the fibrous roots. At the genus level， the abundance of Dendrosporium， Cordana， Matsushimamyces， Pezicula and Melanconium increased significantly after the disease. The main influenced factors of soil fungal community structure in C. oleifera understory were available potassium， organic matter， pH and available phosphorus， and the results of combined analysis of fungal community and environmental factors showed that some beneficial fungi and phosphorus were positively correlated， and some pathogenic fungi and potassium were negatively correlated.FUNGuild functional analysis showed that the fungi in the root and rhizosphere soil of camellia oleifera were mainly saprophytic， and the abundance of symbiotic nutritional fungi in healthy C. oleifera was the highest and gradually decreased after the disease； the phytopathogenic functional group in the root system of C. oleifera became the dominant functional group after the grade Ⅱ disease. In summary， after the disease of C. oleifera， the diversity of fungi decreasesd， the abundance of some beneficial fungi in the fibrous roots decreased， the abundance of phytopathogenic and saprophytic fungi increased， and the colonization of bush mycorrhizal fungi played an important role in regulating the disease and health relationship of C. oleifera. For the C. oleifera base in Lianghe county， Dehong prefecture， it was necessary to apply more potassium and phosphorus fertilizers and reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizers， which could increase the abundance of some beneficial fungi and reduce the abundance of pathogenic fungi to mitigate the occurrence of root rot of C. oleifera.

Key words: Camellia oleifera root rot, fungal diversity, community structure, physical and chemical properties of soil, FUNGuild function

摘要：

为明确患根腐病的油茶在不同病情等级下根系和根际土壤内真菌群落组成、多样性、功能特征及与环境因子的关系，以德宏州梁河县的油茶为研究对象，利用高通量测序技术对5个病情等级的油茶根系及根际土壤内真菌的转录间隔区（internal transcribed spacer，ITS）序列进行测序。结果表明，染病油茶根系及根际土壤内的真菌群落多样性（Shannon指数）降低，根系中真菌总OTUs（operational taxonomic units）、特有OTUs和丰富度（Chao1指数）呈先增加后减少的趋势；根际土壤中染病油茶真菌群落的均匀度和丰富度上升。门水平上，子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）为根系及根际土壤中共同的优势菌门，球囊菌门（Glomeromycota）和被孢囊门（Mortierellomycota）在根系中丰度表现为逐级递减的趋势。属水平上，患病后油茶根系内树状孢属（Dendrosporium）、暗双胞属（Cordana）、Matsushimamyces、无柄盘菌属（Pezicula）、黑孢盘属（Melanconium）的丰度明显上升。油茶林下土壤真菌群落结构的主要影响因子为速效钾、有机质、pH、速效磷，真菌群落与环境因子联合分析结果表明，部分有益菌和磷含量呈正相关，部分病原菌和钾含量呈负相关。FUNGuild 功能分析表明，油茶根系及根际土壤中真菌以腐生型为主，健康油茶中共生营养型真菌丰度最高，染病后逐渐降低；从Ⅱ级病害以后的油茶根系内植物病原功能群开始成为优势功能群。综上所述，油茶患病后真菌的多样性减少，根系内部分有益真菌丰度减少，植物病原菌和腐生菌增加，丛枝菌根真菌的定殖在调节油茶病健关系中发挥着重要的作用。针对德宏州梁河县的油茶基地，需要多施钾肥和磷肥，减少氮肥的施用，可提高部分有益菌的丰度，降低病原菌的丰度，从而减轻油茶根腐病的发生。

关键词: 油茶根腐病, 真菌多样性, 群落结构, 土壤理化性质, FUNGuild功能

CLC Number:

S763.7

Yalin YANG, Fengjinglin WU, Jianxin CHEN, Ziqiang WU, Li LIU, Donghua ZHANG, Huancheng MA, Jianrong WU. Analysis on Structure and Diversity of Fungi Community in Rhizosphere Soil and Root System of Camellia oleifera Root Rot[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(7): 121-135.

杨娅琳, 吴峰婧琳, 陈健鑫, 武自强, 刘丽, 张东华, 马焕成, 伍建榕. 油茶根腐病根际土壤、根系内真菌群落结构和多样性分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(7): 121-135.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of C. oleifera soil with root rot at different disease levels

指标 Index	病情等级 Disease level
指标 Index	0	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ
pH	4.50±0.30 b	4.60±0.10 b	4.50±0.12 b	4.90±0.06 a	4.90±0.03 a
有机质OM/（g·kg^-1）	30.50±2.10 b	36.70±3.50 ab	39.60±2.80 a	41.80±5.50 a	42.70±5.90 a
速效磷AP/（mg·kg^-1）	13.70±0.50 b	13.30±0.60 b	12.60±0.30 b	24.20±1.40 a	14.00±1.20 b
速效钾AK/（mg·kg^-1）	187.00±12 b	164.00±14.00 b	177.00±14.00 b	177.00±10.00 b	240.00±8.00 a
全氮TN/（g·kg^-1）	1.35±0.07 c	1.52±0.17 bc	1.62±0.24 ab	1.77±0.03 ab	1.81±0.08 a
全磷TP/（g·kg^-1）	0.60±0.07 d	0.73±0.03 bc	0.67±0.07 cd	0.88±0.03 a	0.80±0.04 ab
全钾TK/（g·kg^-1）	26.00±0.80 a	25.00±1.00 a	24.00±1.10 a	21.40±1.20 b	19.80±2.20 b
硝态氮 $N O 3 -$ -N/（mg·kg^-1）	2.45±0.18 c	2.29±0.32 c	3.88±0.05 b	3.91±0.30 b	4.32±0.13 a
氨态氮 $N H 4 +$ -N/（mg·kg^-1）	19.48±5.38 c	59.92±1.23 a	37.97±2.05 b	25.48±5.80 c	22.96±5.38 c

Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of C. oleifera soil with root rot at different disease levels

指标 Index	病情等级 Disease level
指标 Index	0	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ
pH	4.50±0.30 b	4.60±0.10 b	4.50±0.12 b	4.90±0.06 a	4.90±0.03 a
有机质OM/（g·kg^-1）	30.50±2.10 b	36.70±3.50 ab	39.60±2.80 a	41.80±5.50 a	42.70±5.90 a
速效磷AP/（mg·kg^-1）	13.70±0.50 b	13.30±0.60 b	12.60±0.30 b	24.20±1.40 a	14.00±1.20 b
速效钾AK/（mg·kg^-1）	187.00±12 b	164.00±14.00 b	177.00±14.00 b	177.00±10.00 b	240.00±8.00 a
全氮TN/（g·kg^-1）	1.35±0.07 c	1.52±0.17 bc	1.62±0.24 ab	1.77±0.03 ab	1.81±0.08 a
全磷TP/（g·kg^-1）	0.60±0.07 d	0.73±0.03 bc	0.67±0.07 cd	0.88±0.03 a	0.80±0.04 ab
全钾TK/（g·kg^-1）	26.00±0.80 a	25.00±1.00 a	24.00±1.10 a	21.40±1.20 b	19.80±2.20 b
硝态氮 $N O 3 -$ -N/（mg·kg^-1）	2.45±0.18 c	2.29±0.32 c	3.88±0.05 b	3.91±0.30 b	4.32±0.13 a
氨态氮 $N H 4 +$ -N/（mg·kg^-1）	19.48±5.38 c	59.92±1.23 a	37.97±2.05 b	25.48±5.80 c	22.96±5.38 c

Table 2 Alpha diversity index of fungi in the root system and inter-rhizosphere soil of C. oleifera

取样部位 Sampling location	样品名称 Sample name	Ace指数 Ace index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	Simpson指数 Simpson index	Shannon指数 Shannon index
油茶根系 C.oleifera root	HS0	742.11	614.60	0.09	3.07
	DS1	655.40	678.14	0.40	2.10
	DS2	801.64	790.30	0.14	2.85
	DS3	897.48	752.73	0.10	2.90
	DS4	829.22	723.70	0.15	2.66
油茶根际土壤 C. oleifera inter-rhizosphere soil	HR0	844.51	871.34	0.02	4.84
	DR1	904.10	907.25	0.03	4.45
	DR2	882.18	884.18	0.04	4.29
	DR3	976.36	972.81	0.05	4.12
	DR4	943.66	946.70	0.05	4.06

Fig. 1 Venn diagram of OTU distribution of C. oleifera root and inter-rhizosphere soil fungiA： C. oleifera root； B： C. oleifera inter-rhizosphere soil

Fig. 2 Relative abundance of fungal phyla of C. oleifera roots and inter-rhizosphere soilA： C. oleifera root； B： C. oleifera inter-rhizosphere soil

Fig. 3 Relative abundance of fungal genera of C. oleifera roots and inter-rhizosphere soilA： C. oleifera root； B： C. oleifera inter-rhizosphere soil

Fig. 4 PCoA analysis and tree of C. oleifera root systems and inter-root soil fungi at the genus level under different disease classes

Fig. 5 Redundancy analysis of fungal community composition （genus level） and environmental factors in inter-rhizosphere soil of C. oleifera

Fig. 6 Spearman correlation analysis of fungal community composition （genus level） and physicochemical parameters of inter-rhizosphere soil of C. oleiferaNote： * and ** indicate significant correlations at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels，respectively.

Fig. 7 Predicted of fungal function analysis of C. oleifera root system and inter-root soilA： Relative abundance of different trophic types in fibrons root； B： Relative abundance of different trophic types in rhizosphere soil； C： Relative abundance of co-located groups bar graph in fibrons root； D： Relative abundance of co-located groups bar graph in rhizosphere soil

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[3]	Tongyu ZHANG, Ying GOU, Qi LI, Li YANG. Effects of Ginseng Rust Rot on Ginseng Quality and Soil Related Factors [J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(3): 124-133.
[4]	Xudong ZHOU, Tianhua HAN, Yunxin SHEN, Zhufeng SHI, Biao HE, Mingying YANG, Weihua PEI, Yonghong HE, Peiwen YANG. Response Characteristics of Soil Microecology in Long-term Continuous Cropping Tobacco Field Under 4 Rotation Patterns [J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(3): 174-187.
[5]	Wei LIU, Yuanyuan ZHAO, Xiaolong CHEN, Hongzhi SHI. Effects of Soil Moisture Content on Microbial Community Diversity and Abundance of Nitrogen Cycling Genes in Central Henan Tobacco-growing Soil [J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(1): 214-225.
[6]	Huijun LI, Weijian ZHANG, Weijian WU, Gaoyang LI, Yijie CHEN, Fengcheng HUANG, Yongxiang HUANG, Zhong LIN, Zhen ZHEN. Effects of Sea Rice on Soil Chemical Properties and Microbial Community Structure in Coastal Solonchaks [J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(9): 147-156.
[7]	Hongyuan LIU, Zhihua ZHOU, Guangxin ZHAO, Qinrui SHEN. Effects of Long-term Biochar Application on Greenhouse Gas Emission and Its Temporal Effect in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain [J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(7): 178-186.
[8]	PANG Zhe, WANG Qilong, LI Juan. Effects of Different Soil Amendments on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties， Rice Yield and Economic Benefits in Low-lying Saline Alkali Land in Northern Shaanxi [J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(6): 174-180.
[9]	Feng LI, Congpei YIN, Ran YIN, Fan WANG, Yongliang HAN, Zhimin YANG, Jiancheng LIU. Response of Rhizosphere Soil Bacterial Community Diversity to Salt Stress in Oat （Avena sativa L.） [J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(1): 153-165.
[10]	Xiubo XIA, Tao LI, Shoujun CAO, Jiangang YAO, Hongyun WANG, Lili ZHANG. Effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Partial Replacing Chemical Fertilizer on Bacterial Community in Greenhouse Tomato Root Zone [J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(7): 187-196.
[11]	Lili WANG, Congpei YIN, Feng LI, Zhimin YANG, Fangming LIU, Baisong LIN, Xiaojing LIU, Haijun LIU, Jing SUN, Dongdong SHAN, Jianghui CUI, Zhenqing ZHANG. Microbial Community Structure of Potato Rhizosphere Soil and Its Response to Drought Stress [J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(6): 58-69.
[12]	Yanchen WEI, Jixiang CHEN, Yonggang WANG, Tongtong MENG, Yalong HAN, Mei LI. Analysis of Bacterial Diversity in the Rhizosphere Soil of Salsolapasserina and Its Correlation with the Soil Physical and Chemical Properties [J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(5): 209-217.
[13]	HUANG Yanfei, CHEN Junmei, XIN Yaning, WU Qingli. Effects of Gypsum Application on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Soda Saline-alkali Soil [J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2021, 23(11): 139-146.
[14]	YIN Quanyu1, LIU Jianhao1, LIU Guoshun1, YANG Xinling2, LI Xiaofu2, ZHANG Yulan1, LI Yang1,YE Hongchao3*. Effects of Biochar Application for Four Consecutive Years on Microbial Community Structure of Tobacco Cinnamon Soil [J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2021, 23(1): 176-185.
[15]	FAN Fan1, LI Zhengtao1, LI Shiyu1,2, SHAN Yunhui3, HUANG Jiaxiong4, LYU Yulan4, HE Feifei1, Qin Shiwen1*. Diversity of Red Soil Bacterial Community in Coffee-growing Regions of Tropical Yunnan [J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2020, 22(8): 178-186.