Table of Content

15 October 2019, Volume 21 Issue 10

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Comprehensive Assessment of Complex Salt-alkali Tolerance of the Upland Cotton Varities Resources

WANG Junduo1, ZENG Hui2, GONG Zhaolong1, LIANG Yajun1, AI Xiantao1, GUO Jiangping1, MO Ming1, LI Xueyuan1, ZHENG Juyun1*

2019, 21(10):  1-11.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0217

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This paper determined the 9 agronomic traits of upland cotton under complex salt-alkali stress  including chlorophyll content (Chl), plant height (PH), fruit branch (FB), fruit node (FN), height of the first node (HFN), leaf area (LA), boll number (BN), boll weight (BW), lint percent (LP) by using 119 domestic and abroad upland cotton varieties resources. Then the salt tolerance of upland cotton was evaluated by membership function method of fuzzy mathematics. The results showed that: there were differences in the salt tolerance coefficients of Chl, PH, FB, FN, HFN, LA, BN, BW and LP of upland cotton in different regions under complex salt-alkali stress, in which  the differences of LP, BW and Chl were small with the variation coefficient of 0.078~0.171. However, FN, BN and LA were significantly different with a variation coefficient of 0.34~0.48. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that among 119 upland cotton variety resources, most of the materials were salt tolerance sensitivity (42.8%) and medium salt tolerance (37.0%), and 20 materials with high salt tolerance and salt tolerance, such as YM 15, KK-1047 and XLZH 69 etc., were selected which could be used as the parental lines of upland cotton for improvement of  salt tolerance.

Cloning and Stress Resistance Analysis of Cotton DNA Methyltransferase GhDMT9 Gene

YANG Xiaomin, RUI Cun, ZHANG Yuexin, WANG Delong, WANG Junjuan, LU Xuke, CHEN Xiugui, GUO Lixue, WANG Shuai, CHEN Chao, YE Wuwei*

2019, 21(10):  12-19.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0193

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In order to explore the function of GhDMT9 gene and understand the role of DNA methyltransferase in plant epigenetics and its mechanism of action, this paper cloned the GhDMT9 gene from Gossypium hirsutum L. TM-1 by PCR and constructed the pYL156:GhDMT9 VIGS silencing vector to infect cotton and PBI121:GhDMT9 overexpression vector to infect Arabidopsis thaliana.  The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that: The GhDMT9 protein with a relative molecular mass was 57 691.44 kDa, an isoelectric point was 5.45, and a total average hydrophilicity was -0.359.  GhDMT9 protein was an acidic stable with certain hydrophilic ability. It was not a secreted protein and could not migrate in cells.  There was no transmembrane domain. Secondary structure predictions contained alpha helix (29.61%), random coiling (45.29%), extended chain (19.22%) and beta-turn (5.88%). Drought and salt stress treatment of VIGS silencing GhDMT9 gene in cotton seedlings showed significant phenotypic differences. The expression pattern analysis by real-time PCR showed that the transcription level of GhDMT9 was significantly lower in the cotton infected with pYL156:GhDMT9 compared with the control. The Arabidopsis thaliana T3 seedlings overexpressing the GhDMT9 gene in drought and salt treatment showed water loss, yellowing and weak growth compared with wild-type. The cotton seedlings  silenced the GhDMT9 gene  reduced salt tolerance compared to the control. Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing the GhDMT9 gene reduced salt tolerance compared to wild-type. Above results showed GhDMT9 gene played an important role in response to stress, which layed the foundation for further research on the stress resistance mechanism of cotton and mining functional genes.

Regulatory Effects of Exogenous Substances on Agronomic Traits and Yield Formation of Chemically Capped Cotton

Alimujiang Kelaimu1, ZHAO Qiang1*, ZHAN Dongxia1, Nuermanguli Batuer1, LOU Shanwei2

2019, 21(10):  20-29.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0163

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In order to determine the regulatory effects of different exogenic substances on the growth and yield of chemically capped cotton, field test was carried out; ‘Xinluzao 57’ cotton,  widely planted in northern Xinjiang, was selected as experimental materials; four exogenous substances, including methyl caprylate (MC), brassinolide(BR), sodium dinitrophenol(CSN) and sodium naphthalene acetate (NAA), were sprayed on the cotton leaves after chemical capping, and water was set as the control (Blank); the effects of four exogenous substances on agronomic traits, biomass accumulation and yield formation of chemically capped cotton were investigated. The results showed that exogenous substances had significant effects on cotton agronomic traits and yield formation indexes, and they had some dose-effect relation. The biomass of cotton sprayed different doses exogenous substances for 0 d, 15 d, and 30 d  was significantly higher than that of the Blank. Among them, the treatments of 75 mL/hm2 MC, 15 mL/hm2 BR, 150 mL/hm2 MC, 15 mL/hm2 NAA, and 75 mL/hm2 CSN were all better than other treatments, but there was no significant difference among them. The boll number per plant, boll weight per plant, lint percentage and increased yield of all exogenous substances treatments were higher than those of Blank treatment. Compared to Blank, seed cotton yield of treatments 75 mL/hm2 MC, 15 mL/hm2 BR, 150 mL/hm2 MC, and 7.5 mL/hm2 CSN increased significantly. Among them, treatment of 75 mL/hm2 MC had the best effect, and its seed cotton yield was 25.88% higher than that of Blank. The results showed that exogenous substances could significantly improve the agronomic traits and yield of chemically capped cotton. Spraying 75 mL/hm2 methyl caprylate was the best, followed by treatments of 15 mL/hm2 brassinolide and 150 mL/hm2 methyl caprylate.

Effects of Planting Density and Chemical Control on the Fiber Quality of Direct-seeded Cotton after Wheat Harvest

CAI Zezhou1, DU Mingwei2, LIU Zhenyu1, WU Xinling1, LI Linan1, LIU Xiaofei1, ZHANG Xiang1, CHEN Yuan1, TIAN Xiaoli2, CHEN Dehua1*

2019, 21(10):  30-38.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0218

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In order to clarify the regulation effect of planting density and chemical control on the fiber quality for direct-seeded cotton after wheat harvest, the short season cotton cultivar ‘Guoxinzao 11-1’ was used as the experimental material, the effects of planting density combined with growth regulator (Miantaijin) on the fiber quality of direct-seeded cotton after wheat harvest was studied in cotton growth season. The results showed that fiber length and fiber strength gradually decreased with the increasing of planting density, but the length, micronaire and strength of fiber increased with the increasing of Miantaijin application dose. The fiber located in the upper parts of canopy exhibited a higher strength under low density than that under higher density. Thus, the application of 1 170 mL/hm2 Miantaijin promoted the fiber strength in the middle and lower parts. Under medium and high density, treatment with 1 170 mL/hm2 Miantaijin application showed an optimum range of micronaire value of all cotton plant parts. In conclusion, the whole plant fiber quality was improved under treatment of 90 000 plants/hm2 combined with 1 170 mL/hm2 Miantaijin application. Moreover, the fiber micronaire value, the fiber length, strength, and maturity of the upper and lower part of the cotton plant were also improved under this treatment.

Influence of Prohexadione Calcium on Agronomic Traits, Yield and Quality of Cotton

Alimujiang Kelaimu1, ZHAO Qiang1*, LOU Shanwei2, ZHAN Dongxia1,Nuermanguli Batuer1, Anarguli Aobuli1, Ayguly Amyrejiang1

2019, 21(10):  39-46.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0259

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In order to explore the effects of different prohexadione calcium amounts on characteristics and yield of cotton, field test was carried out, and variety of ‘Xinluzao 42’ cotton was used as experiment material. Four treatments of different prohexadione calcium amounts, including 10 g/hm2 (T1), 20 g/hm2 (T2), 30 g/hm2 (T3), 40 g/hm2 (T4) were set up, as well the commonly used chemical capping 750 g/hm2 (C), and the control sprayed with water (CK). The agronomic traits and economic traits of cotton under different treatments were detected and analyzed. The results showed that moderate dose of prohexadione calcium application had a positive regulatory affection on the improvement of cotton agronomic traits, biomass accumulation and distribution, as well as the yield and quality. The yield of seed cotton in treatment T3 and C were higher than other treatments, which increased by 11.83% and 36.32% respectively, compared with CK; their fiber length, uniformity, specific strength and elongation were also better than those of other treatments in general. In summary, spraying 30 g/hm2 of prohexadione calcium could effectively reduce plant height, increase plant biomass, single boll weight and improve fiber quality, but its affection was not better than chemical topping.

Effects of Cotton Stalk Biochar Combined with Bio-organic Fertilizer on Rhizosphere Soil Micro-ecology and Cotton Growth of Continuous Cropping Cotton

GU Meiying1§, YANG Rong1§, XU Wanli2*, TANG Guangmu2, ZHANG Zhidong1, ZHANG Yunshu2, FENG Lei2, WANG Ning1, ZHAN Faqiang1

2019, 21(10):  47-57.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0755

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In order to research the prevention and control effects of cotton stalk biochar combined with bio-organic fertilizer on obstacles of continuous cropping cotton, the typical continuous cropping cotton soil was selected for pot experiment, and four treatments, including no cotton stalk biochar and bio-organic fertilizer additions (CK), cotton stalk biochar addition (T1), bio-organic fertilizer addition (T2), cotton stalk biochar and bio-organic fertilizer additions (T3), were carried out. The effects of different treatments on rhizosphere soil nutrient, microbial quantities, microbial functional diversity and quantity of pathogenic fungi, cotton growth and  protective enzymes activities were analyzed by conventional methods, Biolog Eco-microplates and high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that cotton stalk biochar, bio-organic fertilizer and their combined application could significantly increase nutrient contents and culturable microbial quantities in rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping cotton. Cotton stalk biochar combined with bio-organic fertilizer treatment (T3) was the best treatment. Compared to CK, the contents of organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium in T3 treatment significantly increased by 46.09%, 19.71% and 144.75%, respectively. The quantities of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in T3 treatment significantly increased by 62.32%、63.46% and 11.74%, respectively. Biolog carbon resources utilization analysis showed that T3 treatment did not significantly increase the utilization of carbon sources. However it increased soil microbial functional diversity, and there were obvious differences among different treatments. Carbohydrate and amino acids were the main carbon sources that determined the differentiation of principal components. The result of high throughput sequencing showed that T3 treatment significantly reduced the quantity of pathogenic fungi Fusarium. Cotton stalk biochar, bio-organic fertilizer and their combined application could significantly promote cotton growth, and the effect of T3 treatment was the best. Compared to CK treatment, the plant height, stem diameter and root length increased significantly by 18.24%、13.89% and 14.53%, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) activities of cotton leaves significantly increased by 116.28% and 182.55%. Compared with conventional fertilization, the combination of cotton stalk biochar and bio-organic fertilizer was considered to be able to improve rhizosphere soil micro-ecology environment of continuous cropping cotton fields, and promote cotton growth and protective enzyme activities. The present research would provide theoretical basis for scientific, efficient utilization of cotton stalk and healthy, sustainable development of cotton industry.

Characterization and Evaluation of Low Temperature Resistance of Rice at Germination and Seedling Stages

2019, 21(10):  58-65.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0570

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To investigate the identification methods for rice low temperature tolerance among different varieties, taking 8 rice varieties and 3 self-bred rice strains as materials, and relative value of seed germination index and seedling growth index as assessment indicators for rice low temperature tolerance, this paper carried out comprehensive evaluation on low temperature tolerance of 11 rice materials by method of membership function in fuzzy mathematics on the basis of principal component analysis and classified by clustering methodology. The results showed that 5 principal components were screened among 16 identified indexes, among which germination potential, germination rate, germination index, plant height, dry weight of root, superficial area of root and root volume could be as the indexes for rice low temperature tolerance identification. The order of low temperature tolerance of 11 rice varieties was appraised by weighted membership function methods. Clustering analysis results showed that the low temperature tolerance of 11 rice varieties was classified into 3 categories: Class Ⅰ with strongest low temperature tolerance; Class Ⅱ with medium low temperature tolerance; Class Ⅲ with the weakest low temperature tolerance. These results could provide certain basis for identification methods of rice low temperature tolerance and production of 11 rice varieties.

Research on Distribution Characteristics of Root Length and Free Amino Acids of Caragana korshinskii Kom.

DONG Xiaoyu1, GUO Yuefeng1*, YAO Yunfeng1, QIN Fucang1, QI Wei2, WANG Xin3, WANG Hui1

2019, 21(10):  66-73.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0633

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In order to study the distribution of root system of Caragana korshinskii Kom. and amino acids in different soil depths, this paper analyzed the distribution characteristics of Caragana korshinskii Kom. root system with 3 different diameter grades, and free amino acid content in different soil layers under same internal conditions in the Huanghuadianzi watershed research area of Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that: ① The bone root and fine root were horizontal and vertical gradient. The root length  decreased layer by layer, but fine root distribution area was much larger than that of bone root and coarse root. The length of bone root decreased first, then increased. The overall distribution showed a peak with skewness coefficient of 0.908. The standard deviation was 34.522. The overall distribution of root system was not large and root length  evenly distributed. ②Among 17 kinds of amino acids, 4 had the highest contents. They were proline > aspartic acid > histidine > glutamic acid. Different soil depths had obvious effects on free amino acids distribution in root system of Caragana korshinskii Kom.. The law of free amino acids contents changed along with the increase of soil depth in these 4 root systems. The proline content decreased first then increased. The aspartic acid increased layer by layer. The contents of histidine and glutamic acid increased first then decreased. ③The correlation coefficient between total root length density and free amino acid content of Caragana korshinskii Kom. reached 0.944, showing a significant correlation (P>0.05). As a main channel to absorb water and nutrients, fine roots were extensively distributed in deep soil layer, being an important prerequisite to ensure normal plant growth and development. Results of this study  provided theoretical basis for rejuvenation of Caragana korshinskii Kom. in agro-pasture transition zone in Inner Mongolia; and guiding suggestions for regional vegetation restoration and ecological environment construction.

Influence of Salicylic Acid on Seed Germination and Plant Hormones of Platycodon grandiflorum under Drought Stress

SUN Xiaochun1, ZHANG Huihui2, HUANG Wenjing1, YANG Junying2, WANG Li1, TANG Zhishu1*

2019, 21(10):  74-79.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0548

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In order to improve Platycodon grandiflorum seed germination under drought stress, this paper studied the effects of different salicylic acid concentrations（10 mg/L, 20 mg/L and 30 mg/L）on seed germination and 3 plant hormones under drought stress （5%, 10% and 20% PEG）. The results showed that 20% PEG could inhibite seed germination of Platycodon grandiflorum. After adding salicylic acid to exogenous, the germination percentage, germination potential, germination index, root length, seedling length and fresh weight were all significantly higher than those of  control group, when salicylic acid concentration were 10 mg/L, the targeted value of each detection were the largest. Under PEG stress  and after 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L salicylic acid treatment, 3 plant hormone contents were all significantly lower than those of control group. Under drought stress, applying salicylic acid treatment could improve drought resistant ability of Platycodon grandiflorum seeds, and also had certain regulatory effect on plant hormones contents. In this study, 10 mg/L salicylic acid concentration had better effect to alleviate drought stress.

Effects of Dehydration Stress on Flue-curing Characteristics and Starch Metabolism in Postharvest Tobacco Leaves

WU Feiyue1, WANG Jianfeng2, GAO Yabei1, DUAN Shijiang2, HU Ronghua2, SHI Wenqiang2, CHENG Xiaoqiang2, XIAO Ronggui2, XU Chensheng1,3*

2019, 21(10):  80-88.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0155

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In order to identify the effects of different water loss treatments on starch metabolism in postharvest tobacco leaves, taking  Qinyan 96 as the material  this experiment set up three water loss treatments of normal treatment (CK), water loss 10% (T1) and water loss 20% (T2) to study the baking characteristics of postharvest tobacco leaves and the dynamic changes in the enzyme activity and gene expression related to starch metabolism. The results showed that: Compared with normal treatment, water loss treatment shortened the yellowing time of tobacco leaves, and the time of browning was affected. Under water loss treatment, amylose degradation of postharvest tobacco leaves was mainly concentrated in the early stage (0～18 h) while the degradation of amylopectin mainly concentrated in the late stage (after 18 h), and the total starch content of tobacco leaves decreased after water treatment. Because of the decline of DBE enzyme activity and SBE enzyme activity with the increase of postharvest time, and the corresponding enzyme genes expression level decreased (except SBE), therefore, the synthesis of postharvest tobacco starch was inhibited. However, the activity of amylase increased with the prolongation of postharvest time, the corresponding enzyme genes expression level increased, which promoted the increase of total sugar and reducing sugar content in postharvest tobacco leaves. In summary, water loss treatment improved the baking characteristics of tobacco leaves, the degradation ability of starch was enhanced and increased sugar content in postharvest tobacco, and 10% water loss treatment had the best effect. The degradation of postharvest tobacco amylose was mainly concentrated in the early postharvest (0～18 h), and amylopectin was mainly concentrated in the later stage(18～36 h).

Purification of Total Flavonoids from Flos Lonicerae by the Macroporous Resins and Its Inhibitory Activity on α-glucosidase

WU Jie1,2, GONG Jiangning3

2019, 21(10):  89-97.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0001

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In order to fully develop and utilize Flos Lonicerae resource and screen out active ingredients for hypoglycemic treatment, this paper optimized the NKA-2 macroporous resin from 5 species macroporous resin by comparing their static adsorption and desorption performances on total flavonoids of Flos Lonicerae; and disscussed its dynamic purification process conditions. Then, the paper extracted the total flavonoids after purification with NKA-2 macroporous resin by using organic solvents with different polarities, and determined α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of various extractants. The results showed that: The optimal purification conditions of NKA-2 macroporous resin were  1.12 mg/mL mass concentration of sample solution, 50 mL sample volume, 3 BV/h flow rate, 70% eluent ethanol volume fraction, 160 mL effluent volume, 3 BV/h eluent rate. Under these optimized conditons the mean purity and yield of total flavonoids were up to 86.3% and 5.12%, respectively. There was a positive correlation between mass concentrations of solvent extracts and inhibition rate of α-glucosidase. However, ethyl acetate-soluble fraction still had the strongest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity under the same mass concentrations. The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction from total flavonoids purified by NKA-2 macroporous resin showed good medicine values.

Influences Compound Probiotics on Wheat Growth in the Seedling Stage and Soil Enzyme Activity

WANG Mengyuan1, DU Yanquan2, ZHU Jianqiang1*

2019, 21(10):  98-106.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0014

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In order to research the effect of the bio-fertilizer suitable on wheat seedling growth, taking Jimai 22 as material, this paper studied the effect of five groups of complex bacteria (two treatment of Bacillus mucilaginosus Krassilnikov + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus laterosporus, and one treatment of Bacillus laterosporus + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens + Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus laterosporus +Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens + Bacillus mucilaginosus + Bacillus licheniformis, respectively)  on physiological indexes and soil enzyme activities in wheat seedling stage by dipping seed plate test and pot experiment. The results showed that the effect of Bacillus laterosporus + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens + Bacillus subtilis was better, and the length of bud and main root increased by about 10% compared with the control; the length of root, dry weight of shoot and underground increased continuously at 5 d, 12 d and 19 d after three-leaf stage; the activity of root, and activities of soil urease, neutral phosphatase and catalase increased significantly compared with the control and other treatments. The results of this study provided  scientific basis for further screening of wheat specific bacterial fertilizer.

Research on the Biological Characteristics of Liver Epithelioid Stem Cells in Beijing Duck

LIANG Jun1, ZHANG Tao1*, LI Tingting2

2019, 21(10):  107-114.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0603

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In order to study the biological characteristics of liver epithelioid stem cells (LESCs) of Beijing duck, they were isolated, cultured and identified in vitro, and the potential of multidirectional differentiation was tested. The LESCs of Beijing duck were isolated from 17-day-old healthy duck embryos by immunofluorescence, RT-PCR and flow cytometry. The LESCs of Beijing duck were induced differentiation and their differentiation potential were detected. The results showed that LESCs were isolated from duck embryos and successfully differentiated into adipogenic cells and chondroblasts, which proved that LESCs had the potential of multidirectional differentiation of stem cells. Beijing ducks LESCs had strong ability of proliferation, self-renewal and plasticity in vitro. They could be used as germplasm cells to preserve the genetic resources of Beijing duck in the form of stem cells for a long time, and could also provide reference for genetic improvement of Beijing duck.

Population Dynamics and Spatial Distribution of Bemisia tabaci in Xiongan New Area and Its Surrounding Areas

FENG Xueying1, ZHANG Yibo2, HUANG Yucui1, GUO Mengran1, MENG Ye1, ZHANG Xiaoming3, XU Haiyun1*

2019, 21(10):  115-124.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0677

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To better understand the bio-type and population dynamics of Bemisia tabaci in Xiongan new area and its surrounding areas, this paper investigated bio-type (cryptic species), population dynamics and spatial distribution of this pest in Xiongan new area and its surrounding five counties in 2016 and 2017. Results showed that: The dominant bio-type of B. tabaci in this area changed from bio-type B (cryptic species MEAM1) to bio-type Q (cryptic species MED); it occurred during the whole investigation period, but population dynamics differed among the host plants. Population densities of B. tabaci on eggplant and cotton increased at different levels in late September every year; B. tabaci were aggregated distribution in most cases. These results provided theoretical foundation for the forecast and controlling strategies formulation of B. tabaci.

Research Progress and Countermeasures on Recycling Utilization Model of Edible Fungi Industry By-products

HUANG Xiaoyun1, SHEN Huawei2, HAN Haidong1, ZHONG Zhenmei1, LUO Tao1, HUANG Xiusheng1*

2019, 21(10):  125-132.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0135

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With the rapid development of edible fungi industry in China, the resource utilization of edible fungi by-products has become an urgent problem for the industry sustainable development. The by-products of edible fungi industry mainly include mushroom residue and fruiting body scraps. Through the induction and deduction of the resource utilization of edible fungi by-products, this paper summarized the recycling utilization model of edible fungi industry by-products, including four main models: Fertilizer recycling model, feed recycling model, ingredient recycling model and fuel recycling model. At the same time, the four models were reclassified according to the differences of by-products utilization ways. Finally, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward in view of the problems existing in the recycling mode of edible fungi industry by-products.

Present and Residual Effectiveness of Different Boron Fertilizers on the Crop Yield in Soybean-Rapeseed Rotation

ZHANG Limei, MA Xin, HAN Baoji, SHI Lei*

2019, 21(10):  133-139.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0091

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In order to provide guidance for rational application of boron fertilizer in soybean-oilseed rape rotation, field experiments were carried out in randomized block designation. The effects of three types of boron fertilizers, including borax (B, Na2B4O7·10H2O), Etibor-48 (EB, Na2B4O7·5H2O) and Colemanite (CB, Ca2B6O11·5H2O), on the grain yield of soybean and their residual effectiveness on the seed yield for rotated oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) were tested. Seven treatments with three boron application amounts of 0 (-B, no boron application), 1.70 kg B/hm2 (B1, EB1 and CB1, normal B application amount), and 3.40 kg B/hm2 (B2, EB2 and CB2, double of normal B application amount) were set up. Compared with -B treatment, the grain yield of soybean increased by 9.4%, 9.1% and 10.0% under the treatments of B1, EB1 and CB1 in the 1st crop, respectively. The grain yield of soybean under B2 and EB2 decreased slightly, whereas, that under CB2 increased by 9.1% comparing with that under -B treatment. There was no significant difference in the grain yield of soybean between -B and all the boron application treatments. It was indicated that the application of boron fertilizer did not increase the grain yield of the 1st crop (soybean) significantly when the hot water soluble boron (HWSB) content in the soil was 0.49 mg/kg. Basal application of these boron fertilizers significantly improved the HWSB. The seed (grain) yield in the succeeding crops of oilseed rape (the 2nd crop) and soybean (the 3rd crop) increased. Boron application increased the seed yield of the 2nd crop of oilseed rape by 7.3%~36.2%. Moreover, the increasing of the seed yield under the treatments of double normal boron application amount was more than those under the treatments of normal boron application amount. Boron application increased the grain yield of the 3rd crop of soybean by 9.0%~22.3%. The increasing of grain yield of soybean under normal boron application treatments was higher than those under the treatments of double normal boron application amount. The increasing of the grain (seed) yield of EB and CB treatments was higher than that of B in all the crops. The increasing in the grain (seed) yield of EB was more than that of CB under the normal boron application amount. However, that of CB was more than those of EB and B under the treatments of double normal boron application amount. These results provided a reference for the rational application of these different boron fertilizers in soybean-rapeseed rotation.

Advance of Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Foliar Particulate Matter of Urban Forest Plants

ZHANG Junye1,2, YU Fei3, LIU Xiaodong1, YU Yuanchun1*

2019, 21(10):  140-147.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0627

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Urban forest is the back garden of city, which provides remarkable ecological benefits for urban development. Based on the research literatures of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban foliar particulates at home and abroad, this paper comprehensively analyzed the influence of urbanization level, vegetation coverage, plant species, climate factors, urban heat source and other factors on urban foliar particles content of heavy metals and PAHs, and aggregate resolved the main sources of foliar particles heavy metals and PAHs, such as the burning of fossil fuels, coal and biomass combustion, industrial emissions and road dust, and  the overall analysis of its ecological risk and health risk evaluation method. The comprehensive pollution control of heavy metals and PAHs in foliar particulate matter were prospected in order to provide basis for urban pollution control.

Study on Callus Induction and Proliferation Culture of Eucommia ulmoides

ZHANG Haibo1, HU Yanhua2, ZHANG Guoyu1, CHEN Shilin3, WU Di1, ZHANG Dingjun1, HUANG Guiyun1*, ZHANG Benhou2*

2019, 21(10):  157-162.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0386

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Eucommia ulmoides is one of the most valuable Chinese medicinal materials and the most promising gum source plants. In this paper, the culture system of callus induction and proliferation of Eucommia ulmoides was established by screening explants and optimizing the culture medium. The results showed that cotyledons, leaves and hypocotyls could induce callus, but the better explants were hypocotyls. The better basal medium for callus induction was B5, and the optimal phytohormones were NAA 1.0 mg/L and 2, 4-D 2.0 mg/L. The optimal phytohormone for callus proliferation culture were 6-BA 0.5 mg/L, NAA 0.5 mg/L and 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L. This paper established a method for callus culture of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., which provided technical support for obtaining metabolites through cell culture.

In Vitro Regeneration Technology for Actinidia chinensis ‘YangshiJinhong50’

HUANG Weiwei1, YAN Yifan1, YANG Di1, ZHANG Naiqun1*, DU Ge2, LI Shulin2

2019, 21(10):  163-169.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0765

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In order to achieve factory seedling of Actinidia chinensis ‘YangshiJinhong 50’ by tissue culture, the leaves and petioles of tissue culture seedlings of Actinidia chinensis ‘YangshiJinhong 50’ were used as explants to directly induce adventitious buds. The effects of different plant growth regulators on adventitious bud induction and rooting induction were studied and efficient methods of in vitro regeneration were screened. The results show that the optimal medium for direct induction of adventitious buds was MS+2 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA. The average browning rate was 7.5%, and the average germination rate was 92.5%. The optimal medium for directly inducing adventitious buds from petiole was MS+2 mg/L 6-BA+0.3 mg/L NAA, and the average germination rate was 89.17%. The best medium for rooting culture was 1/2 MS+0.9 mg/L IBA. The roots were shoved in the medium. The average size of callus was 1.03 cm. The average rooting rate was 100%, and the average root length was 3.19 cm. The average number of roots was 12.58, and the optimum time for hardening-seedling was 7 d.