绿肥替代氮肥对麦田温室气体的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0048

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (7): 182-189.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0048

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

绿肥替代氮肥对麦田温室气体的影响

朱强¹(), 车宗贤¹^,²(), 崔恒², 张久东², 包兴国²

^1.甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院，兰州 730070
^2.甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所，国家土壤质量凉州观测实验站，农业农村部甘肃耕地保育与农业环境科学观测试验站，兰州 730070

收稿日期:2024-01-18 接受日期:2024-04-22 出版日期:2025-07-15 发布日期:2025-07-11
通讯作者: 车宗贤
作者简介:朱强 E-mail：1219045306@qq.com；
基金资助:
国家绿肥产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-22);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700204)

Effect of Green Manure Replacing Nitrogen Fertilizer on Greenhouse Gases in Wheat Fields

Qiang ZHU¹(), Zongxian CHE¹^,²(), Heng CUI², Jiudong ZHANG², Xingguo BAO²

^1.College of Resources and Environment，Gansu Agricultural University，Lanzhou 730070，China
^2.National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality in Lanzhou，Gansu Cultivated Land Conservation and Agricultural Environment Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Institute of Soil，Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture，Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Lanzhou 730070，China

Received:2024-01-18 Accepted:2024-04-22 Online:2025-07-15 Published:2025-07-11
Contact: Zongxian CHE

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究西北灌区最佳绿肥替代氮肥比例，设置不施肥、当地传统施肥、85%氮肥氮+15%绿肥氮、70%氮肥氮+30%绿肥氮、55%氮肥氮+45%绿肥氮和40%氮肥氮+60%绿肥氮共6个处理，采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法监测小麦生育期土壤温室气体排放，对麦田温室气体和土壤全氮含量进行分析。结果表明，随着绿肥替代量增加，相比较当地传统施肥各绿肥处理N₂O排放通量逐渐减少，土壤全氮含量逐渐增加，绿肥处理N₂O排放通量均显著低于当地传统施肥，其中以40%氮肥氮+60%绿肥氮处理最低，比当地传统施肥减少39.2%，各处理均为CH₄的“汇”，55%氮肥氮+45%绿肥氮处理吸收量最高，结合2023年小麦产量数据，70%氮肥氮+30%绿肥氮处理产量最高，为4 136 kg·hm^-2，70%氮肥氮+30%绿肥氮处理全球增温潜势较当地传统施肥显著降低30.6%。由此可见，绿肥替代30%氮肥处理效果最佳，具有较高的经济效益和友好的环境效应。研究结果为当地农民科学环保施用肥料提供理论依据。

关键词: 小麦, 绿肥, 氮肥替代, 温室气体

Abstract:

In order to study the optimal proportion of green fertilizer replacing nitrogen fertilizer in Northwest irrigation area， 6 treatments were set up including no fertilizer， local traditional fertilization， 85% nitrogen fertilizer nitrogen+15% green manure nitrogen， 70% nitrogen fertilizer nitrogen+30% green manure nitrogen， 55% nitrogen fertilizer nitrogen+45% green manure nitrogen， 40% nitrogen fertilizer nitrogen+60% green manure nitrogen. The greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions of soil during wheat growth period were monitored by static closed chamber gas chromatography，and the contents of GHG and total nitrogen in wheat fields were analyzed.The results showed that， with the increase of green manure substitution， the N₂O emission flux of each green manure treatment compared to the local traditional fertilization gradually decreased， and the soil total nitrogen content gradually increased， the N₂O emission flux of green manure treatments were significantly lower than the traditional fertilization， of which the treatment of 40% nitrogen fertilizer nitrogen+60% green manure nitrogen was the lowest， which decreased by 39.2% compared to the traditional fertilizer. All the treatments were the “sinks” of CH₄， the uptake of 55% nitrogen fertilizer nitrogen+45% green manure nitrogen treatment was the highest. combined with the wheat yield data of 2023， the yield of 70% nitrogen fertilizer nitrogen+30% green manure nitrogen treatment was the highest， reaching 4 136 kg·hm^-2. Compared with the local traditional fertilizer， the global warming potential of 70% nitrogen fertilizer nitrogen+30% green manure nitrogen treatment significantly reduced by 30.6%. It could be seen that green manure replaced 30% fertilizer treatment with the best effect， with high economic efficiency and friendly environmental effects. Above results provided theoretical basis for local farmers to apply fertilizer in a scientific and environmentally friendly way.

Key words: wheat, green manure, fertilizer substitution, greenhouse gas

中图分类号:

S365

朱强, 车宗贤, 崔恒, 张久东, 包兴国. 绿肥替代氮肥对麦田温室气体的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(7): 182-189.

Qiang ZHU, Zongxian CHE, Heng CUI, Jiudong ZHANG, Xingguo BAO. Effect of Green Manure Replacing Nitrogen Fertilizer on Greenhouse Gases in Wheat Fields[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(7): 182-189.

图/表 6

表 1 不同处理施肥量 (kg·hm-2)

Table 1 Fertilizer application rate of different treatments

处理 Treatment	化学氮肥 Chemical nitrogen fertilizer	P₂O₅	绿肥 Green manure
CK	0	0	0
100C	225	150	0
85C+15G	191	146	1 125
70C＋30G	158	142	2 250
55C＋45G	124	138	3 375
40C＋60G	90	134	4 500

表 2 绿肥替代氮肥下小麦的农艺性状及产量

Table 2 Agronomic traits and yield of wheat with green manure as a substitute for nitrogen fertilizer

处理Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	穗长 Ear length/cm	结实小穗数 Fertile spikelet number	不孕小穗数 Number of infertile spikes	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield/（kg·hm^-2）
CK	52.42±1.90 c	6.02±0.47 b	9.88±0.52 b	3.09±0.19 a	48.91±1.18 ab	2 530.00±340.27 b
100C	60.21±2.11 b	7.68±0.40 a	12.67±0.47 a	2.61±0.55 ab	51.35±1.72 a	3 307.33±133.57 ab
85C+15G	63.33±1.36 ab	8.09±0.17 a	13.30±0.13 a	2.05±0.08 b	45.39±0.98 ab	4 052.67±387.73 a
70C+30G	62.46±1.90 ab	8.09±0.17 a	13.95±0.06 a	2.05±0.11 b	44.56±1.99 ab	4 136.00±534.51 a
55C+45G	64.79±1.18 ab	8.18±0.24 a	13.21±0.45 a	2.21±0.19 ab	42.74±2.96 b	3 694.00±45.03 a
40C+60G	66.04±1.31 a	8.65±0.23 a	14.02±0.53 a	1.79±0.11 b	43.51±3.26 b	3 944.00±219.39 a

图 1 绿肥替代氮肥的土壤全氮含量注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 1 Total soil nitrogen content from green manure as a substitute for nitrogen fertilizerNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图 2 绿肥替代氮肥下的麦田N2O排放注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 N2O emissions from wheat fields under green manure substitution for nitrogen fertilizerNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图 3 绿肥替代氮肥下的麦田CH4排放注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 3 CH4 emissions from wheat fields under green manure substitution for nitrogen fertilizerNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

表 3 不同处理下全球增温潜势 (kg·hm-2)

Table 3 Global warming potential under different treatments

处理 Treatment	温室气体累计排放量Greenhouse gas cumulative emission		全球增温潜势Global warming potential
处理 Treatment	N₂O	CH₄	全球增温潜势Global warming potential
CK	0.43±0.08 d	-0.08±0.03 a	126.18±23.08 d
100C	1.13±0.02 a	-0.3±0.08 ab	329.87±6.15 a
85C+15G	0.97±0.03 b	-0.17±0.05 ab	286.09±7.32 b
70C+30G	0.78±0.06 c	-0.12±0.05 a	229.00±17.41 c
55C+45G	0.72±0.03 c	-0.40±0.07 b	205.02±9.83 c
40C+60G	0.67±0.01 c	-0.21±0.13 ab	199.70±6.95 c

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绿肥替代氮肥对麦田温室气体的影响

Effect of Green Manure Replacing Nitrogen Fertilizer on Greenhouse Gases in Wheat Fields

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