叶面喷施不同硒肥对水稻硒含量及硒形态和稻米组分的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0678

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究叶面喷施不同硒肥处理对水稻硒含量及硒形态和稻米组分的影响，选用晶两优1468进行田间试验，设置无机硒和纳米硒2个施硒处理，以喷施清水为对照（CK），测定并分析各处理间水稻各部位硒含量及硒形态差异，并对稻米的组分进行比较。结果表明，水稻各个部位对硒的积累存在显著差异，硒在水稻中的富集表现为根>茎叶>稻米>稻壳。喷施无机硒、纳米硒后，水稻稻米硒含量相较于CK分别上升93.4％、132.5%。成熟期水稻不同部位的硒形态存在差异，主要以有机硒的形态存在，其中硒代蛋氨酸（SeMet）占比最高，达47.0%~84.5%。喷施无机硒、纳米硒后，水稻稻米有机硒含量相较于CK分别显著上升84.0％、129.7%。相较于CK，2种硒对稻米的直链淀粉和蛋白质含量均无显著影响，而稻米中的砷含量分别降低56.9%、61.8%，汞含量分别降低79.7%、54.2%，铅含量分别降低25.0%、27.2%。综上可知，施用无机硒、纳米硒可以提高稻米中总硒含量及有机硒含量，相比无机硒，纳米硒处理可使稻米中含有更高比例的有机硒，且这2种施硒处理基本不影响稻米的直链淀粉和蛋白质含量，但有利于进一步降低稻米的砷、铅、汞含量，因此纳米硒在生产富硒大米中会产生更好的健康效应。研究结果为富硒大米生产实践提供了理论参考。

关键词: 水稻, 叶面喷施, 硒肥, 田间试验, 硒形态

Abstract:

To study the effects of foliar spraying of different selenium fertilizer on the selenium content and speciation， components of rice， Jingliangyou 1468 was selected to conduct the field experiments， with the inorganic selenium and nano selenium application treatments as experimental groups while water spraying as the control group（CK）. The differences in selenium content and speciation of various parts of rice among different treatments were determined and analyzed， as wall as the components of rice. The results showed that there were significant differences in the accumulation of selenium in various parts of rice， and the enrichment pattern of selenium in rice was as follows： root>stem and leaf>unpolished rice>rice husk. After spraying inorganic selenium and nano selenium， the selenium content of rice increased by 93.4% and 132.5%， respectively， compared to CK. There were differences in the forms of selenium in different parts of rice at the maturity stage， mainly in the form of organic selenium， among which selenomethionine （SeMet） accounted for the highest proportion， ranging from 47.0% to 84.5%. After spraying inorganic selenium and nano selenium， the organic selenium content of rice paddy significantly increased by 84.0% and 129.7%， respectively， compared to CK. Compared with CK， the 2 kinds of selenium had no significant effect on the amylose and protein contents of rice， while the arsenic content of rice decreased by 56.9% and 61.8%， the mercury content decreased by 79.7% and 54.2%， and the lead content decreased by 25.0% and 27.2%， respectively. In summary， the application of inorganic selenium and nano selenium increased the total selenium and organic selenium contents in rice. Compared to inorganic selenium， treatment with nano-selenium could lead to a higher content of organic selenium in rice. Moreover， these 2 kinds of selenium application had no effect on the amylose and protein contents of rice， but they both contributed to further reducing the arsenic， lead， and mercury contents of rice. Therefore， nano selenium as a fertilizer in producing selenium-enriched rice might resulted in better health effects， which provided theoretical foundation for the production of selenium-enriched rice.

Key words: rice, foliar spraying, selenium fertilizer, field experiment, selenium speciation

中图分类号:

S511.062

沈乐丞, 温志刚, 廖涵, 刘贤标, 蒋耀聪, 张远聪, 刘婷, 王玫. 叶面喷施不同硒肥对水稻硒含量及硒形态和稻米组分的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(3): 206-215.

Lecheng SHEN, Zhigang WEN, Han LIAO, Xianbiao LIU, Yaocong JIANG, Yuancong ZHANG, Ting LIU, Mei WANG. Effects of Foliar Spraying of Different Selenium Fertilizers on Selenium Content， Selenium Speciation and Components in Rice[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(3): 206-215.

图/表 10

表1 水稻不同器官的硒含量 (mg·kg-1)

Table 1 Selenium content in different organs of rice

处理 Treatment

根

Root

茎叶

Stem and leaf

稻壳

Rice husk

稻米

Unpolished rice

图1 水稻中不同器官硒的迁移系数注∶不同小写字母表示不同器官间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 1 Migration coefficient of selenium in different organs of riceNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different organs at P<0.05 level.

图 2 水稻中不同器官硒的富集系数注：不同小写字母表示不同器官间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 Enrichment coefficients of selenium in different organs of riceNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different organs at P<0.05 level.

图3 水稻根系中的硒形态组成注：不同小写字母表示不同硒肥处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 3 Speciation composition of selenium in rice rootsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different selenium fertilizer treatments at P<0.05 level.

图4 水稻茎叶中的硒形态组成注：不同小写字母表示不同硒肥处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 4 Speciation composition of selenium in rice stems and leavesNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different selenium fertilizer treatments at P<0.05 level.

图5 水稻稻壳中的硒形态组成注：不同小写字母表示不同硒肥处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 5 Speciation composition of selenium in rice husksNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different selenium fertilizer treatments at P<0.05 level.

图6 水稻稻米中的硒形态组成注：不同小写字母表示不同硒肥处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 6 Speciation composition of selenium in riceNote：?Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different selenium fertilizer treatments at P<0.05 level.

表2 不同硒肥处理下稻米硒含量及硒形态

Table 2 Selenium content and selenium speciation in rice under different selenium fertilizer treatments

处理 Treatment	硒 Se/（mg·kg^-1）	硒代胱氨酸SeCys2/ （mg·kg^-1）	甲基硒代半胱氨酸 SeMeCys/ （mg·kg^-1）	亚硒酸盐Se（IV）/ （mg·kg^-1）	硒代蛋氨酸SeMet/ （mg·kg^-1）	亚硒酸盐 Se（VI）/ （mg·kg^-1）	有机硒Organic selenium
处理 Treatment	硒 Se/（mg·kg^-1）	硒代胱氨酸SeCys2/ （mg·kg^-1）	甲基硒代半胱氨酸 SeMeCys/ （mg·kg^-1）	亚硒酸盐Se（IV）/ （mg·kg^-1）	硒代蛋氨酸SeMet/ （mg·kg^-1）	亚硒酸盐 Se（VI）/ （mg·kg^-1）	含量 Content/ （mg·kg^-1）	占比 Proportion/%
CK	0.317±0.026 c	0.028±0.003 c	0.014±0.002	0.007±0.001 c	0.267±0.003 c	0	0.310±0.001 c	97.87±0.38 a
IS	0.613±0.079 b	0.211±0.001 b	0	0.042±0.002 a	0.360±0.002 b	0	0.571±0.002 b	93.17±0.26 c
NS	0.737±0.014 a	0.277±0.011 a	0	0.024±0.005 b	0.436±0.006 a	0	0.713±0.005 a	96.71±0.65 b

表3 不同硒肥处理下稻米宏量营养素含量 (%)

Table 3 Macro nutrient content of rice under different selenium fertilizer treatments

处理

Treatment

水分

Moisture

灰分

Ash

蛋白质

Protein

脂肪

Fat

淀粉

Starch

直链淀粉

Amylose

表4 不同硒肥处理下水稻稻米微量元素含量及重金属含量 (mg·kg-1)

Table 4 Trace element content and heavy metal content of rice under different selenium fertilizer treatments

处理

Treatment

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