补光光质和基质含水量对黄瓜幼苗形态调节和光合特性的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0733

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 68-77.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0733

补光光质和基质含水量对黄瓜幼苗形态调节和光合特性的影响

肖林刚¹^,²(), 马艳¹(), 王旭峰², 邢剑飞², 郑剑超³, 马月虹¹

^1.新疆农业科学院农业机械化研究所，乌鲁木齐 830091
^2.塔里木大学机械电气化工程学院，自治区普通高校现代农业工程重点实验室，新疆阿拉尔 843300
^3.新疆生产建设兵团第十二师农业科学研究所，乌鲁木齐 830088

收稿日期:2023-10-07 接受日期:2023-11-22 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-04-15
通讯作者: 马艳
作者简介:肖林刚E-mail：447551316@qq.com；
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02002-1);新疆维吾尔自治区教育厅普通高等学校现代农业工程重点实验室开放课题项目(TDNG2022107);新疆生产建设兵团第一师阿拉尔市科技计划项目(2022ZB06);新疆生产建设兵团第十二师科技计划项目(SRS2022014);新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费资助项目(KY2021129)

Effects of Supplemental Light Quality and Substrate Moisture Content on Morphological Regulation and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Cucumber Seedlings

Lingang XIAO¹^,²(), Yan MA¹(), Xufeng WANG², Jianfei XING², Jianchao ZHENG³, Yuehong MA¹

^1.Agricultural Mechanization Institute，Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Urumqi 830091，China
^2.Key Laboratory of Colleges＆Universities under the Department of Education of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region，College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering，Tarim University，Xinjiang Alar 843300，China
^3.Agricultural Science Research Institute of the Twelfth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops，Urumqi 830088

Received:2023-10-07 Accepted:2023-11-22 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-04-15
Contact: Yan MA

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了明确补光光质和基质含水量对黄瓜幼苗形态调节和光合特性的影响，以温室黄瓜幼苗为研究对象，补光光质设置白、红配比2∶1（L₁），全白光（L₂），白、红、蓝配比2∶1∶1（L₃）3个处理，基质含水量设置55%（W₁）、75%（W₂）和95%（W₃）3个水平，以自然光照射下基质含水量75%为对照（CK），探究不同处理对黄瓜幼苗形态建成、生长发育和光合特性的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，补光可显著改变黄瓜幼苗形态指标、光合作用、抗氧化酶活性和根系活力。在L₁W₂处理下，黄瓜幼苗的株高显著高于CK，最大叶面积显著小于CK；在W₃处理时L₃补光条件下幼苗的气孔导度，蒸腾速率和胞间CO₂浓度显著高于L₁和L₂补光处理；超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase，POD）、过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）活性和丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）含量在不同光照间差异较大；根表面积和根系体积在L₁光照条件下随着基质含水量的增加而增加，在L₃光照条件下W₂处理显著大于其他2个处理。通过隶属函数综合分析得知，W₁处理在各种光质中得分均最低，3种光照条件下同一水分处理中L₃光照条件下得分最高，在L₃W₃处理下黄瓜幼苗综合生长特性最好。以上研究结果为黄瓜幼苗补光和灌溉量的优化模式提供了参考。

关键词: 黄瓜, LED补光, 灌溉, 形态调节

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of supplementary light quality and substrate water content on the morphological regulation and photosynthetic characteristics of cucumber seedlings， taking greenhouse cucumber seedlings as the research object， the supplementary light quality was set up in 3 treatments including white red ratio 2∶1 （L₁）， full white light （L₂）， white red blue ratio 2∶1∶1 （L₃）， and the substrate moisture content was set up in 3 treatments including 55% （W₁）， 75% （W₂） and 95% （W₃）， and 75% of substrate moisture content under natural light irradiation was used as control （CK）. The effects of different treatments on morphogenesis， growth and photosynthetic characteristics of cucumber seedlings were explored. The results showed that compared with CK， supplementary light significantly changed the morphological indicators， photosynthesis， antioxidant enzyme activity and root activity of cucumber seedlings. Under L₁W₂ treatment， the plant height of cucumber seedlings was significantly higher than CK， but the maximum leaf area was significantly smaller than CK. When treated with W₃， the stomatal conductance， transpiration rate and intercellular CO₂ concentration of seedlings under L₃ supplementary light conditions were significantly higher than those under L₁ and L₂ supplementary light treatments. The activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， peroxidase （POD）， catalase （CAT） and the content ofmalondialdehyde （MDA） showed significant differences among different light intensities. The root surface area and root volume increased with the increase of substrate water content under L₁ light conditions， and under L₃ light conditions， the W₂ treatment was significantly greater than the other 2 treatments. Through comprehensive analysis of membership functions， it was found that W₁ treatment had the lowest score among various light quality treatments. Among the same water treatment under 3 different light conditions， L₃ treatment had the highest score， and L₃W₃ treatment had the best comprehensive growth characteristics of cucumber seedlings. Above results provided a reference for the optimization mode of supplementing light and irrigation amount for cucumber seedlings.

Key words: cucumber, light emitting diode （LED） supplemental light, irrigation, morphological regulation

中图分类号:

S641.2

肖林刚, 马艳, 王旭峰, 邢剑飞, 郑剑超, 马月虹. 补光光质和基质含水量对黄瓜幼苗形态调节和光合特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(4): 68-77.

Lingang XIAO, Yan MA, Xufeng WANG, Jianfei XING, Jianchao ZHENG, Yuehong MA. Effects of Supplemental Light Quality and Substrate Moisture Content on Morphological Regulation and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Cucumber Seedlings[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(4): 68-77.

图/表 6

表1 光质和水分处理

Table 1 Treatments of light and water

处理 Treatment	光质设置 Light quality setting	水分含量 Moisture content/%
L₁W₁	白红2∶1 White and red 2∶1	55
L₁W₂		75
L₁W₃		95
L₂W₁	全白光All white	55
L₂W₂		75
L₂W₃		95
L₃W₁	白红蓝 2∶1∶1 White， red and blue 2∶1∶1	55
L₃W₂		75
L₃W₃		95
CK	自然光Natural light	75

表2 不同处理下黄瓜幼苗形态指标和叶绿素含量

Table 2 Morphological indicators and chlorophyll content of cucumber seedlings under different treatments

处理Treatment		株高 SH/cm	茎粗 SD/mm	最大叶面积 MLA/cm²	壮苗指数 SI	根冠比 Root to shoot ratio	SPAD	叶片相对含水率 RWC/%
L₁	W₁	14.67±1.26 e	3.78±0.30 b	56.81±3.30 bc	0.45±0.05 bc	0.219±0.009 ab	53.58±3.10 ab	0.87±0.01 ab
	W₂	21.83±2.02 ab	4.03±0.21 ab	55.69±8.31 c	0.45±0.06 bc	0.214±0.023 abc	56.21±4.15 a	0.86±0.08 ab
	W₃	21.83±1.53 ab	4.13±0.06 ab	69.48±11.10 ab	0.45±0.02 bc	0.169±0.003 d	54.78±3.20 ab	0.87±0.02 ab
L₂	W₁	18.33±1.53 cd	4.24±0.30 a	61.00±4.13 abc	0.46±0.02 bc	0.233±0.032 a	53.65±3.18 ab	0.88±0.03 a
	W₂	21.67±1.15 ab	4.03±0.16 ab	58.97±7.72 bc	0.50±0.04 ab	0.199±0.017 bcd	55.20±3.20 ab	0.86±0.03 ab
	W₃	23.50±1.73 a	4.33±0.18 a	65.39±5.32 abc	0.48±0.06 b	0.188±0.016 bcd	54.68±3.20 ab	0.85±0.02 ab
L₃	W₁	15.93±1.89 de	4.03±0.19 ab	54.84±8.29 c	0.43±0.03 bc	0.213±0.009 abc	53.08±3.05 ab	0.81±0.04 ab
	W₂	19.43±1.44 bc	3.96±0.07 ab	55.00±2.74 c	0.40±0.02 c	0.194±0.014 bcd	54.88±1.68 ab	0.83±0.03 ab
	W₃	19.50±2.29 bc	4.23±0.19 a	73.67±3.12 a	0.55±0.01 a	0.208±0.01 abc	56.61±2.06 a	0.81±0.02 ab
CK		18.07±1.04 cd	3.86±0.15 ab	72.27±10.51 a	0.42±0.13 bc	0.172±0.010 cd	50.97±2.24 b	0.72±0.01 b

表3 不同处理下黄瓜幼苗叶片光合参数

Table 3 Photosynthetic parameters of cucumber seedling leaves under different treatments

处理Treatment		净光合速率 P_n/（μmol·m^-2·s^-1）	气孔导度 G_s/（mol·m^-2·s^-1）	胞间 CO₂浓度 C_i/（μmol·mol^-1）	蒸腾速率 T_r/（mmol·m^-2·s^-1）
L₁	W₁	9.38±3.40 bc	0.083±0.050 cd	204.56±24.55 d	2.102±0.531 e
	W₂	12.12±2.00 ab	0.121±0.059 bcd	289.11±26.79 a	2.849±1.191 de
	W₃	10.47±4.22 abc	0.089±0.026 cd	228.23±27.53 cd	2.881±1.471 de
L₂	W₁	9.01±1.75 bc	0.061±0.017 d	152.36±23.55 e	2.615±0.620 de
	W₂	13.36±3.41 a	0.130±0.045 abc	218.9±37.73 d	5.667±1.400 bc
	W₃	12.69±2.14 ab	0.083±0.023 cd	177.83±29.37 e	4.570±0.966 cd
L₃	W₁	6.78±2.80 c	0.073±0.031 cd	234.94±2.33 bcd	4.451±1.673 cd
	W₂	11.53±3.08 ab	0.163±0.056 ab	261.45±26.63 ab	6.741±1.721 ab
	W₃	12.02±2.05 ab	0.190±0.077 a	264.50±22.43 ab	7.971±1.740 a
CK		11.38±2.49 ab	0.148±0.047 ab	240.59±21.85 abc	5.816±1.378 ab

表4 不同处理下黄瓜幼苗叶片的MDA含量和抗氧化酶活性

Table 4 MDA content and antioxidant enzyme activity in cucumber seedling leaves under different treatments

处理 Treatment		过氧化氢酶 CAT /（nmol•min^-1•g^-1）	过氧化物酶 POD/（U•g^-1）	超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/（U•g^-1）	丙二醛 MDA/（nmol•g^-1）
L₁	W₁	204.70±4.98 b	8 413.7±321.3 bcd	114.30±4.96 b	31.43±0.93 a
	W₂	50.37±0.58 h	11 462.0±1 376.61 a	163.23±2.76 a	26.20±1.78 b
	W₃	154.07±4.54 c	6 441.7±1 924.7 cde	101.90±4.62 c	28.87±0.99 a
L₂	W₁	85.93±7.77 f	3 483.3±1 140.8 e	80.20±2.10 d	23.57±1.68 bc
	W₂	79.20±10.77 g	5 608.0±3 353.7 de	98.07±5.07 c	22.27±2.20 c
	W₃	140.07±10.85 cd	7 848.3±1 480.6 bcd	86.13±2.16 d	21.70±1.50 c
L₃	W₁	219.67±3.55 a	7 196.7±500.8 bcd	102.97±6.23 c	23.13±1.32 bc
	W₂	101.30±0.69 e	7 250.7±429.1 bcd	117.47±4.74 b	23.73±1.01 bc
	W₃	118.53±3.36 d	8 835.0±824.8 abc	101.43±8.40 c	24.90±1.04 bc
CK		87.87±10.56 ef	9 124.7±961.5 ab	62.43±3.88 e	19.50±3.14 d

图1 不同处理下黄瓜幼苗根系形态特征注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 1 Root morphology characteristics of cucumber seedlings under different treatmentsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

表5 不同处理下黄瓜幼苗形态调节和光合特性影响隶属函数综合评价

Table 5 Comprehensive evaluation of membership functions of morphological regulation and photosynthetic characteristics of cucumber seedlings under different treatments

处理 Treatment		株高 SH	茎粗SD	叶面积MLA	壮苗指数SI	根冠比 Root to shoot ratio	SPAD	相对含水率RWC	净光合速率P_n	气孔导度G_s	胞间CO₂浓度C_i	蒸腾速率T_r	过氧化氢酶CAT	过氧化物酶POD	超氧化物歧化酶SOD	丙二醛MDA	根长RL	根表面积RSA	根系体积RV	根尖数TN	综合评价值Comprehensive evaluation value	排名 Ranking
L₁	W₁	0.000	0.000	0.003	0.008	0.022	0.004	0.014	0.020	0.017	0.019	0.000	0.110	0.048	0.036	0.000	0.009	0.000	0.000	0.027	0.338	9
	W₂	0.032	0.005	0.001	0.008	0.019	0.008	0.014	0.040	0.048	0.049	0.015	0.000	0.077	0.071	0.017	0.031	0.020	0.014	0.048	0.517	3
	W₃	0.032	0.007	0.025	0.008	0.000	0.005	0.014	0.028	0.022	0.027	0.015	0.074	0.029	0.028	0.008	0.035	0.036	0.052	0.044	0.490	4
L₂	W₁	0.016	0.010	0.010	0.010	0.028	0.004	0.015	0.017	0.000	0.000	0.010	0.025	0.000	0.012	0.026	0.018	0.019	0.013	0.016	0.249	10
	W₂	0.031	0.005	0.007	0.017	0.013	0.006	0.014	0.050	0.055	0.024	0.071	0.021	0.021	0.025	0.030	0.005	0.010	0.019	0.004	0.426	7
	W₃	0.039	0.012	0.018	0.013	0.008	0.005	0.013	0.045	0.017	0.009	0.049	0.064	0.042	0.017	0.032	0.011	0.016	0.023	0.006	0.439	5
L₃	W₁	0.006	0.005	0.000	0.005	0.019	0.003	0.009	0.000	0.010	0.030	0.047	0.121	0.036	0.028	0.027	0.000	0.005	0.019	0.006	0.375	8
	W₂	0.021	0.004	0.000	0.000	0.011	0.006	0.011	0.036	0.081	0.039	0.092	0.036	0.037	0.039	0.025	0.008	0.046	0.087	0.000	0.578	2
	W₃	0.021	0.009	0.032	0.025	0.017	0.008	0.009	0.040	0.102	0.040	0.117	0.049	0.052	0.027	0.021	0.010	0.016	0.026	0.014	0.636	1
CK		0.015	0.002	0.030	0.003	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.035	0.069	0.032	0.074	0.027	0.055	0.000	0.039	0.007	0.007	0.015	0.022	0.432	6
变异系数 $C V$		0.144	0.043	0.118	0.093	0.102	0.030	0.057	0.183	0.377	0.181	0.430	0.446	0.286	0.260	0.143	0.128	0.168	0.322	0.177
权重 $W e i g h t$		0.039	0.012	0.032	0.025	0.028	0.008	0.015	0.050	0.102	0.049	0.117	0.121	0.077	0.071	0.039	0.035	0.046	0.087	0.048

表5 不同处理下黄瓜幼苗形态调节和光合特性影响隶属函数综合评价

Table 5 Comprehensive evaluation of membership functions of morphological regulation and photosynthetic characteristics of cucumber seedlings under different treatments

处理 Treatment		株高 SH	茎粗SD	叶面积MLA	壮苗指数SI	根冠比 Root to shoot ratio	SPAD	相对含水率RWC	净光合速率P_n	气孔导度G_s	胞间CO₂浓度C_i	蒸腾速率T_r	过氧化氢酶CAT	过氧化物酶POD	超氧化物歧化酶SOD	丙二醛MDA	根长RL	根表面积RSA	根系体积RV	根尖数TN	综合评价值Comprehensive evaluation value	排名 Ranking
L₁	W₁	0.000	0.000	0.003	0.008	0.022	0.004	0.014	0.020	0.017	0.019	0.000	0.110	0.048	0.036	0.000	0.009	0.000	0.000	0.027	0.338	9
	W₂	0.032	0.005	0.001	0.008	0.019	0.008	0.014	0.040	0.048	0.049	0.015	0.000	0.077	0.071	0.017	0.031	0.020	0.014	0.048	0.517	3
	W₃	0.032	0.007	0.025	0.008	0.000	0.005	0.014	0.028	0.022	0.027	0.015	0.074	0.029	0.028	0.008	0.035	0.036	0.052	0.044	0.490	4
L₂	W₁	0.016	0.010	0.010	0.010	0.028	0.004	0.015	0.017	0.000	0.000	0.010	0.025	0.000	0.012	0.026	0.018	0.019	0.013	0.016	0.249	10
	W₂	0.031	0.005	0.007	0.017	0.013	0.006	0.014	0.050	0.055	0.024	0.071	0.021	0.021	0.025	0.030	0.005	0.010	0.019	0.004	0.426	7
	W₃	0.039	0.012	0.018	0.013	0.008	0.005	0.013	0.045	0.017	0.009	0.049	0.064	0.042	0.017	0.032	0.011	0.016	0.023	0.006	0.439	5
L₃	W₁	0.006	0.005	0.000	0.005	0.019	0.003	0.009	0.000	0.010	0.030	0.047	0.121	0.036	0.028	0.027	0.000	0.005	0.019	0.006	0.375	8
	W₂	0.021	0.004	0.000	0.000	0.011	0.006	0.011	0.036	0.081	0.039	0.092	0.036	0.037	0.039	0.025	0.008	0.046	0.087	0.000	0.578	2
	W₃	0.021	0.009	0.032	0.025	0.017	0.008	0.009	0.040	0.102	0.040	0.117	0.049	0.052	0.027	0.021	0.010	0.016	0.026	0.014	0.636	1
CK		0.015	0.002	0.030	0.003	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.035	0.069	0.032	0.074	0.027	0.055	0.000	0.039	0.007	0.007	0.015	0.022	0.432	6
变异系数 $C V$		0.144	0.043	0.118	0.093	0.102	0.030	0.057	0.183	0.377	0.181	0.430	0.446	0.286	0.260	0.143	0.128	0.168	0.322	0.177
权重 $W e i g h t$		0.039	0.012	0.032	0.025	0.028	0.008	0.015	0.050	0.102	0.049	0.117	0.121	0.077	0.071	0.039	0.035	0.046	0.087	0.048

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补光光质和基质含水量对黄瓜幼苗形态调节和光合特性的影响

Effects of Supplemental Light Quality and Substrate Moisture Content on Morphological Regulation and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Cucumber Seedlings

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