Abstract:

Fertilization is an effective measure to increase soil nutrients and promote vegetation recovery in coal mine waste land. To investigate the effects of nitrogen application and cattle manure addition on plants in coal mine replanting areas， this experiment took coal mine replanting grassland was as the research object， and used a split-zone experimental design to set up 5 nitrogen fertilizer levels including 0（CK）， 5（N1）， 10（N2）， 20（N3）， 30 g·m^-2（N4） and 2 modes of cattle manure addition including 0 and 300 g·m^-2. By analyzing the effects of nitrogen application and cattle manure addition on the height， cover， density and biomass of grassland vegetation in coal mine replanting， the restoration effect of grassland vegetation in coal mine replanting area under the measures of increasing nitrogen fertilizer and cattle manure was investigated. The results showed that nitrogen application had a greater effect on vegetation cover and biomass， and compared with CK， N1 treatment increased vegetation cover by 1.14%， 28.57% and 63.64% in June， July and September， and plant biomass increased by 14.45%， 14.29% and 24.46%， respectively. Whereas， the N4 treatment decreased the vegetation cover by 44.32%， 72.86%， 13.64% in June， July and September， and the biomass by 36.11% and 41.43% in June and July. Addition of cattle manure had a greater effect on the mean height of vegetation， and N4 treatment reduced the mean height of vegetation by 16.40% and 35.05% compared with CK in June and July. In addition， in terms of fertiliser application on phyto-economic taxa， the fertiliser pattern of nitrogen application+cattle manure was more beneficial to the growth of graminaceous plants and increased the biomass and density of graminaceous plants in the community. In conclusion， the addition of cattle manure could enhance the average height of plants， and the application of nitrogen fertiliser 5 g·m^-2 was beneficial for the recovery of vegetation cover and biomass in this type of coal mine replanted grassland， while the application of fertiliser 30 g·m^-2 could have adverse effects on plants. Above results provided scientific basis for carrying out ecological restoration work in this type of abandoned mines.

Key words: coal mine replanting area, nitrogen application, cattle manure addition, vegetation restoration

摘要：

施肥是增加煤矿废弃地土壤营养、促进植被恢复的有效措施。为探究施氮和牛粪添加对煤矿补播区植物的影响，以煤矿补播草地为研究对象，采用裂区试验，设置0（CK）、5（N1）、10（N2）、20（N3）、30 g·m^-2（N4）5个氮肥（尿素）施用水平和2种牛粪添加模式（0、300 g·m^-2），分析施氮和牛粪添加措施对煤矿补播草地植被高度、盖度、密度和生物量的影响，研究煤矿补播区草地植被在增施氮肥、牛粪措施下的恢复效果。结果表明，施氮对植被盖度、生物量影响较大，与CK比较，N1处理6、7、9月植被盖度分别增加1.14%、28.57%、63.64%，植物生物量分别增加14.45%、14.29%、24.46%；而N4处理6、7、9月植被盖度较CK分别减少44.32%、72.86%、13.64%，6、7月生物量减少36.11%、41.43%。添加牛粪对植被平均高度影响较大，N4处理使6、7月植被平均高度较CK分别降低16.40%、35.05%。从施肥对植物经济类群来看，施氮+牛粪的施肥模式更有利于禾本科植物的生长，增加了群落中禾本科植物生物量和密度。综上，添加牛粪可提升植物平均高度，施用氮肥5 g·m^-2有利于该类煤矿补播草地植被盖度、生物量的恢复，而施用氮肥30 g·m^-2会对植物产生不利影响。以上研究结果为该类废弃矿山开展生态修复工作提供科学依据。

关键词: 煤矿补播区, 施氮, 牛粪添加, 植被恢复