Table of Content

15 June 2017, Volume 19 Issue 6

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Development Situation Analysis of Chinese Chitosan Oligosaccharide in Planting Field Based on Patent

YU Jincong1,2, HE Shuya1,2, LIN Keming1,2

2017, 19(6):  1-9.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.669

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Chitosan oligosaccharide polymerized by β-(1,4)-glycosidic bond is water-soluble and has multiple biological activities. It has very high application value in plant industry. This paper retrieved patents related to chitosan oligosaccharide plant industry from 1985-2016 and analyzed the application quantity, principle applicant, technology distribution, and research hot spots. The results indicated that studies on chitosan oligosaccharide in agriculture had entered into a rapid development stage. Enterprises were the major forces for patent application in chitosan oligosaccharide plant industry field. Hainan Zhengye Zhongnong High-Tech Co. Ltd., possessed technical advantage. Novozymes Biologicals Inc., Bios. Agriculture Inc. and Bayer Cropscience Ag. all set up patent layout in China. The patent technology were mainly focused on the fields of pesticide and fertilizer, taking bactericide, plant growth regulator and plant inducer as the major research hot spots. These  results would have certain reference significance for the development and distribution of chitosan oligosaccharide plant industry.

Status Analysis on Plant Molecular Biology in China from 2006 to 2015 based on Bibliometrics

LU Yao1, SONG Min2*

2017, 19(6):  10-20.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.350

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Plant molecular biology is the theoretical foundation of plant genetic engineering, and has important significance for guiding crop genetic improvement and breeding of new varieties. Summarizing the paper production about plant molecular biology in China, objectively evaluating Chinas fundamental research level and impact in this area, understanding its development status and changing trends, are of significance for independent innovation of seed industry in China. Taking Web of Science database as literature resources, this study collected high-level research literature enunciable on plant molecular biology from 2006-2015, analyzed the status and development trends both on published paper quantities and their impacts by bibiliometrics method, and compared with the major countries in this research field. Besides, this paper also described the distribution character of outgoing journals, productive authors and high yielding affiliations, financial source and international cooperation situation. At the same time, it revealed the research hot spots of plant molecular biology in China. The results show that during the past decade, 3 841 high-level literatures (IF≥4.0) on plant molecular biology were published by Chinese scientists, accounting for 16.74% of the global total, ranking the second place in the world. The annual publishing quantity presented a tendency of yearly increase. Since 2012, China ranked the second in the world. The gap between China and the United States reduced day by day. The paper impact was also been improved, but there was still bigger gap between China and the leading counties like the Netherlands and United Kingdom. In conclusion, this study would clarify the global development configuration of plant molecular biology, excavate the leading affiliations and scientists in this area, and ravel out the cooperative relationship between China and the other countries, trace the financial source and explore research hot spots. It would also assist Chinese plant molecular biology scientists to discern their international standing in this field, find out their own advantages and potential, discover existing problems and gap, so as to provide references for the disciplinary development of plant molecular biology.

Analysis of Ryegrass Planting Technical Efficiency and Technological Progress Contribution in Southwest China——Taking Sichuan Province as an Example

WANG Wujing1, WANG Mingli2*

2017, 19(6):  21-28.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.506

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It is of important significance to study on taking advantage of Hydrothermal endowment by forage industry in southwestern regions under the background of energetically constructing fodder industry system by the national government. Ryegrass is one of most widely planted forage in southwestern China. This paper calculated the technical efficiency and contribution portion by technological progress  from 72 ryegrass planting farmer households in southwestern China by adopting panel random frontier. The results showed that recently the ryegrass planting technical efficiency was increased continuously. The technical efficiency of most farmer households was 0.8~0.9, and presented an increasing tendency. There were big differences in ryegrass planting technical efficiency among different regions. In regions with developed milk industry, the technical efficiency was higher, while in regions with less developed milk industry it was lower. The portion contributed for scientific and technological progress by ryegrass had been 53.78%. Therefore, government should further support and encourage the innovation of technology related to ryegrass, take effective measures to promote R&D and extension of technology for ryegrass storage and processing, support planting and breeding integration, and strengthen the studies on and technical extension of ryegrass economic value through efficient livestock and poultry conversion.

Analysis of Germplasm Agronomic Traits and Molecular Cytogenetics on Wheat-triticale Hybrids Resistant to Stripe Rust

GAN Min1, LI Jinhe2, LI Jinchang3, SHANG Xunwu2, WANG Huajun2, MA Xiaole2, MENG Yaxiong2, WANG Juncheng2, LI Baochun1*

2017, 19(6):  29-38.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0031

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Because of  excellent genetic diversity,rye is one of the important parents to improve wheat quality, yield and resistance, and  enrich wheat germplasm resources. This study carried out stripe rust resistance identification, agronomic traits analysis, cellular molecular genetics identification and relevant quality analysis on 16 hybrid lines between common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (Triticale wittmack) on the basis of distant hybridization. Besides, foreign chromosomes (fragments), which might be led into common wheat were positioned from multiaspect. Results revealed that 9 wheat×triticale 1BL/1RS translocation lines, one substitution line and 2 1BL/1RS translocation lines/substitution line were identified. Results of disease identification indicated that these 9 hybrid lines presented high resistance to stripe rust in seedling and adult stages, which could provide resistant resources for wheat stripe rust resistant breeding. In addition, the common HMW-glutenin subunit types, such as Null, 7+8, and 2+12 had the highest frequency of occurrence among the 16 lines shown in analysis of HMWG subunits composition. Among them, P174 line got the highest comprehensive score, meeting the standard of first-grade wheat flour. Finally, the field agronomic and quality traits analysis showed that the bulk density of 12 wheat lines attained the standard of first-grade wheat seeds, their lysine content ranged from 2.8~4.4 g/kg. A number of intermediate material with superior resistance in fields and good value would be identified according to these results, and new germplasm resources would be provided for wheat stripe rust breeding.

Dry Matter Accumulation and Absorption and Distribution of N，P，K in Isatis indigotica

LIU Lingdi1§, LIU Mengxing2§, SUN Xue3, WANG Miaomiao1, XIE Xiaoliang1*, WEN Chunxiu1*, TIAN Wei1, JIA Dongsheng1, BIAN Jianbo1

2017, 19(6):  39-45.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0151

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To study the relationship between the accumulation of dry matter and the absorption characteristics of N, P and K in Isatis indigotica, field experiments and sampling analysis were used to study the accumulation capacity of dry matter and N, P and K at different growing stages of Isatis indigotica. Results showed that the accumulation of dry matter in Isatis indigotica increased with growth as “S” curve type, and reached 60% of the total accumulation within 60 d after germinating．In 120~150 d, it appeared the second growth peak, accounting for 31.72% of the total cumulative amount of dry matter. For annual Isatis indigotica, only nutrition part growed, so material accumulation and distribution were in the leaf and root only,  and the dry matter distribution rate was  50% more than in leaf. During the whole growth period, the biggest accumulation amount absorption of Isatis indigotica was N, and then K2O, P2O5. Absorption ratio of N, P2O5, K2O was about 7.78∶1∶3.20, and with the extension of Isatis indigotica growth period, the total nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation and allocation proportion in leaf  increased. For Isatis indigotica root, although the total nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation  increased contionually, but the proportion of total cumulative amount decreased. Potassium in leaves and roots of accumulation and distribution rule was contrary to nitrogen and phosphorus.

Clinical Therapeutic Effect and Target Ainimal Safety of Praziquantel Injection

YANG Haifeng1,2, LI Yongjun1,3*, LU Guangfu1,3

2017, 19(6):  46-54.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.673

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In order to provide basis for clinical rational application, the clinical therapeutic effect and target ainimal safety of 30% praziquantel injection were investigated. The clinical therapeutic effect of praziquantel injection on sick buffalos naturally infected with Schistosoma japonicum was studied by experimental clinical trials and expanded clinical trials. The target animal safety of praziquantel injection in buffalos was evaluated by comparing clinical signs, blood routine and serum biochemical indexes before and after administration. In experimental clinical trials, the praziquantel injection groups with high (20 mg/kg), middle (10 mg/kg) and low (5 mg/kg) dose, their negative conversion rates of miracidium were 100% (8/8), 100% (9/9), and 77.8% (7/9), respectively. In expanded clinical trials, the praziquantel injection groups with recommended dose of 10 mg/kg, its negative conversion rate of miracidium was 100% (52/52). In target animal safety test, within the intramuscular administration at 3-fold recommended dose of 30 mg/kg (P>0.05), the praziquantel injection was safe and had no adverse reactions to blood routine and serum biochemical indexes of buffalos. 30% praziquantel injection is safe and effective in clinical treatment of cattle schistosomiasis at the recommended dose of 10 mg/kg.

Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Fungi from Taraxacum mongolicum Hand-Mazz and Antibacterial Activity Study

GAO Yuan, WANG Fuling, JIA Qi, LIU Wei, ZHOU Yanyan, LI Jiali

2017, 19(6):  55-60.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.590

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Dandelion is a traditional plant homology of medicine and food. It has good antibacterial and anti-inflammatory function. The dandelion extracts contains compounds with multiple antibacterial activity, while the endophytic fungi can produce the same or similar metabolites with the host plant. It can open up a new way for the development and utilization of antibacterial compounds. This study isolated endophytic fungi from dandelion and screened Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida sporogenes, etc. pathogenic bacteria to conduct anti-bacteria test and screen the bacteriostatistic activity of endophytic fungi tunning. Among them PGY5 had better bacteriostatic activity. The MIC and MBC values of Staphylococcus aureus were 0.16 mg/mL and 0.31 mg/mL, respctively. The MIC and MBC value of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida sporogenes were 0.31  mg/mL and 0.63 mg/mL, respectively. Endophyte PGY5 ITS r-DNA sequence was comparatively analyzed. PGY5 was identified as Aspergillus fumigatus and had 100% similarity with Aspergillus fumigatus JQ356539. An active ingredient galuteolin, which usually existed in Dandelion leaves, was found in ethyl acetate layer of endophytic fungi PGY5 by LC-MS/MS detection.

Design and Implementation of Intelligent Gateway Based on Android for Agricultural IoT

LIAO Jianshang1, LU Si2

2017, 19(6):  61-71.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.635

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In order to improve the shortages of data encapsulation standards and lack of communication protocol in intelligent gateway of current agricultural Internet of Things(IoT), a method of intelligent gateway using 3 layer communication protocol was proposed for agriculture, and an agricultural intelligent gateway was designed using this method. Firstly, The application communication protocol, serial communication protocol and node communication protocol were defined, and the 3 layer protocol collaborative completed data encapsulation, processing and transmission of IoT system. Secondly, the intelligent gateway software was designed combining the communication protocol. Finally, the gateway test and analysis were conducted. The experiments showed that the IoT system using intelligent gateway could effectively monitor the agricultural environment information according to communication protocol, such as temperature, humidity, light, and the automatic control of agricultural equipment could be successfully carried out. The validity of communication protocol, and the effectiveness of agricultural data acquisition and equipment control by the Agricultural intelligent gateway of IoT, and the feasibility of building the IoT system of agricultural were verified.


A Local Environmental Monitoring System of Forest Region based on ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network

YAN Jianhui, CHEN Chongcheng*, WEI Yiding, TANG Liyu

2017, 19(6):  72-82.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.575

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In view of lacking real-time and long-term monitoring on local environment of forest region, this study designed and realized a local environmental monitoring system for forest region based on ZigBee wireless sensor network. This system built WSN using wireless network protocol ZigBee, and then, sent the obtained data to monitoring center combining with GPRS communication technology, so as to realize real-time data display, storage, analysis and visualization. This system was mainly composed of sensor nodes, routers, gateways and monitoring center. Its structure was simple and practical. The nodes location was flexible, and free of any geographical environment. The system could better monitor the air temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure, light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and soil moisture content, etc. key environmental factors in forest region. Through solar power supply system, it could integrate the multi-sensor into sensor node by CC2530 and CC2591 wireless communication module, and better solve node energy shortage, short communication distance and incomplete monitoring parameters in the process of applying wireless sensor network in forest region so as to realize the real-time monitoring of local environment. This experiment indicated that node effective communication distance in open space could reach 510.6 m, and the effective communication distance in woodland could reach 177.5 m. Under the joint power supply of solar energy and lithium battery, the node energy could be self-sufficient. In the network test, packet reception rate of the whole network was 96.7%, and capable to meet the requirements of environment monitoring in forest region.

Peeling Mechanical Properties Analysis of Green Walnut

ZHU Zhanjiang1, YANG Zhongqiang1*, LI Yuan2*, SUN Lina1, YANG Liling1,

2017, 19(6):  83-89.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0037

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With the continuous expansion of walnut planting area and yield in China, the processing scale of green walnut is fairly large, but the efficiency of artificial peeling is still low. Mechanized peeling is an important way to improve walnut appearance quality and realize walnut commercialization. However, the mechanical properties of peeling directly affect the performance of green walnut peeling equipment. This study determined the sphericity and green peel thickness of Zha 343. Quasi-static compression test was carried out on Zha 343 by microcomputer controlled electronic universal testing machine. The effect of extrusion direction, extrusion speed, size, pretreatment, etc. factors on green peel split were  explored. The results showed that cracks of walnut green peel had certain direction. Walnut green peel could be taken as isotropic material. There was a linear relationship between extrusion pressure and displacement during the extrusion process. The displacement decreased with the increase of extrusion speed. The displacement of peel during fracture grew with the increasing of green walnut size. The rupture pressure decreased if there was a cut on green peel. This result  provided a reliable basis for the structure design of walnut peeling equipment.

Microscopic Effects of Food Safety Incidents: Combing and Introspecting#br#

ZHENG Yi, LIN Enhui, CHEN Meiying, SHI Dejin*

2017, 19(6):  90-96.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.630

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Food safety incidents attract widespread attention of the whole society, but there isnt comprehensive review about economic impact of food safety incidents in academia. The paper firstly defined the content of food safety incidents, and then reviewed and examined the impact of food safety incidents on consumer purchase behavior, enterprise business activities and food safety regulation. On this basis, the paper pointed out that it was probably the further works for the domestic scholars that defensible product harm crisis, application of experimental economics on food safety incidents’ impact, impact on the industry level and national level.

Studies on Conservation Technique of Endangered Medicinal Plant Resources in Arid Desert Region

LANG Tao1, XIA Jianxin1*, WU Caiwu2, DENG Qun1

2017, 19(6):  97-105.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.631

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Arid desert region, located at the northwest mainland of China, is an important contain base  for various idiomatical herb plants, due to the particularity of its natural conditions and geographic location. Recently, most local characteristic medicinal plants have become endangered species gradually, because of the co-effects of natural factor and human activity. Combining with previous relative research, this paper illustrated the mechanism of vegetation recovery and conservation, described species and distribution of medicinal plants in arid desert region, and raised a set  of measures for recovering  endangered medicinal plants in this region, aiming at providing basic theoretical support for conservation and sustainable utilization of local medicinal plants.


Influence of  Transplanting Density on the Growth and Content of Medicinal Active Component of Anemarrhenae rhizoma

MA Chunying1, ZHANG Yongsheng2, HOU Junling3*, WANG Wenquan3,4*

2017, 19(6):  106-110.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0077

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Using different transplanting density (with row spacing of 30 cm and spacing 40/20 cm; planting distance of 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, respectively) for cultivation of Anemarrhena asphodeloides bge. to explore the suitable transplanting cultivation density of Anemarrhenae rhizoma in Hebei province and provide the basis for the standardization of the Anemarrhenae rhizoma production. The results showed that the tillers and the plant height were the minimum when the row spacing was 40/20 cm, planting distance was 30 cm, while the total fresh weight per plant, rhizoma fresh weight, rhizome diameter and rhizome length were the maximum in the  same condition. The content of medicinal active ingredients which included the mangiferin and the saponin B Ⅱ in the Anemarrhenae rhizoma could meet the requirements of the 2015 edition of pharmacopoeia. Integrated different transplanting density on the growth of the Anemarrhenae rhizoma and the content of medicinal active ingredients in the rhizoma of Anemarrhenae rhizoma, the best transplanting density of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. planted in Yixian county of Hebei province were row spacing of 40/20 cm and planting distance of 30 cm. In other words, the best transplanting density is 10.5×104 plants/hm2.

Effects of Different Slope Position on Caragana korshinskii Kom Root Characteristics and Free Amino Acid Content

LIU Siyu1, YAO Yunfeng1, GUO Yuefeng1*, QI Wei1,2

2017, 19(6):  111-116.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.587

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In order to explore scientific and reasonable man-made forest management measure, this paper took aeolian sandy soil area in Aohan Banner, Chifeng city as research object, studied and analyzed the fine roots distribution characteristics and free amino acid content of Caragana korshinskii Kom ＜10 mm at different slope. The results showed as follows: ①the total length of Caragana korshinskii Kom fine root presented a decreasing tendency as the vertical distance and horizontal distance increased. ②The free amino acid content of Caragana korshinskii Kom fine root showed a big difference at different slope position. The lower the slope position was, the higher content of free amino acid the fine root was. The aspartic acid, arginine acid, lysine acid, phenylalanine and total acid contents below the slope were  1.255, 1.432, 1.381, 1.80, 1.11 times of that on the slope, respectively. ③The total free amino acid contents of Caragana korshinskii Kom fine root at different slope position and characteristics of root distribution were similar. The lower the slope position, the higher the total free amino acid content, and more concentrate of root distribution. These results could provide theoretical basis for studying adaptability of Caragana korshinskii Kom, and guiding suggestions for vegetation recovery and ecological environmental construction in this area.

Survey of Arsenic Content and Species in the Environmental Samples from Feeding Farms in the Suburb of Beijing

JI Feng 1, WANG Liping2*, SONG Shuhui3, HUANG Jianguo1, XIAN Hong1, HU Zhenhu 4

2017, 19(6):  117-123.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0008

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Because of the potential health and environmental risks of arsenic additives, it calls for more and more attention to strengthen the supervision over the use and control application of organic arsenic (As). This study investigated and analyzed the concentration of As in manure, and surrounding environment and their existing form at the outskirts of Beijing. The total As in collected litter samples from broiler and pig farms were ranged 0.16～2.20 mg/kg, that in soil was 0.80～9.55 mg/kg, and in water 0.08～23.14 μg/L.  The range of inorganic As in the litter, soil and water samples were 68.04～2 501.40 μg/kg, 429.15～2 836.77 μg/kg, and less than 13.50 μg/L, respectively. The investigation results indicated that As additives might not be used in these farms, indicating the management level of breeding industry have been continuously improved in this area. This study provided data for preliminary understanding about As polluted situation caused by animal husbandry in the suburb of Beijing.

Spatial Variability and Its influencing Factors of Soil Organic Matter and Alkaline Nitrogen in Central Hilly Area of Sichuan

TANG Jie, WANG Changquan*, LI Bing, ZENG Jian, LI Qiquan, XU Qiang, LI Yiding, LI Shan

2017, 19(6):  124-130.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.644

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This paper analyzed the spatial variability characteristics and its influencing factors of soil organic matter (OM) and alkaline nitrogen (AN) by the method of GIS combined with geostatistics based on 441 topsoil sample data collected in central hilly area of Daying County of Sichuan Province. The results showed that the mean value of OM and AN in study areas was 15.22 g/kg and 76.75 mg/kg, respectively, both of them were generally low. As for the spatial pattern, soil OM played a tendency with values higher in north, lower in south and the lowest in central. While, AN showed no obvious distribution trend, the low value zone just located in the center of study areas. The results of  semivariance analysis showed that the value of nugget to sill for soil OM and AN was 83.55 and 51.32, respectively, indicating OM spatial variability was affected by random factors like tillage and fertilization, while AN was affected by random and structural factorslike climate, soil type and topography. The analysis of affecting factors indicated that topography, soil type and cropping system were the important factors affecting the spatial variability of soil OM and AN, while parent material had no significant impact on  OM and AN contents. These results suggested that we should fully consider the influencing factors on the spatial variability of soil OM and AN during the process of land use and fertilization.

Construction and Amplification of Protein Fusion HA Tag Universal Expression Vector in Plant

KONG Youbin1, WANG Bing1, ZHANG Hua1, LI Xihuan1*, ZHANG Caiying2*

2017, 19(6):  131-137.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0140

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With plant expression vector pCamE (GenBank No.:JX841315) as basic backbone, and HA protein YPYDVPDYA as tag sequence, two protein N and C terminal fusion HA tag universal expression vectors named pCHAN and pCHAC were constructed in this study. At the same time, some restriction enzyme cutting sites were added in the vector sequences. Then the vectors could be used as universal fusion expression vectors, which had 7 common restriction enzyme cutting sites (PstⅠ, SpeⅠ, XbaⅠ, BamHⅠ, KpnⅠ, SmaⅠ, ApaⅠ or SalⅠ). To test and verify the reliability of these 2 vectors, a purple acid phosphatase gene named GmPAP14 (GenBank No.: JN967626) was linked with the above mentioned vectors. Then the recombinant vectors pCHAN-GmPAP14 and pCHAC-GmPAP14 were transformed into Arabidopsis. By  PCR and DNA sequencing identification methods, the T2 transgenic Arabidopsis lines were obtained. And the Western blotting results showed that the hybridization protein bands were detected in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, while it was not detected in the wild-type control, indicating these 2 HA tag fusion vectors could integrate the objective protein stably in plant. So they (pCHAN and pCHAC) could be used as universal fusion expression vectors in plant protein purification and the other related studies in the future.