硫对植物吸收积累镉的影响及其作用机制研究进展

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0580

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

镉被联合国环境规划署列为具有全球意义的危害物质，土壤镉污染严重威胁植物生长并危害人体健康。外源硫影响植物对镉的吸收与积累，但不同形态和用量的硫对不同植物吸收积累镉的作用效果存在较大差异。综述了不同形态和用量硫对农作物（水稻、小麦、蔬菜、烟草）和镉富集植物（伴矿景天、龙葵）吸收积累镉的影响，从土壤镉的有效性（硫影响土壤pH和土壤对镉的吸附）、植物根系对镉的吸收（硫影响植物金属转运蛋白转录水平和根毛与铁膜的形成）和镉在植物内的分配积累（硫影响根细胞壁吸附和液泡区隔）3方面总结了其可能的作用机制，探讨了降低农作物和增加超富集植物镉吸收积累的施硫策略，以期为提高农作物安全性和修复土壤镉污染提供理论依据。

关键词: 镉, 硫, 吸收, 积累, 农作物, 镉富集植物

Abstract:

Cadmium is classified as a hazardous substance of global significance by the United Nations Environment Programme， and soil cadmium pollution seriously threatens plant growth and endangers human health. Exogenous sulfur affects the uptake and accumulation of cadmium by plants， but the effect of different forms and content of sulfur on the uptake and accumulation of cadmium by different plants varies greatly. Therefore， the effects of different forms and content of sulfur on the uptake and accumulation of cadmium by crops （Oryza sativa， Triticum aestivum， Brassica chinensis， Amaranshus mangostanus， Nicotiana tabacum） and Cd-hyperaccumulation plants （Sedum plumbizincicola， Solanum nigrum） were reviewed. Subsequently， the possible mechanisms of action were summarized in terms of the effectiveness of soil Cd （sulfur affects soil pH and cadmium adsorption）， the uptake of Cd by plant roots （sulfur affects the transcription levels of metal transporters， and the formation of root hair and iron plaque） and the distribution and accumulation of Cd in plants （sulfur affects root cell wall adsorption and vacuolar compartment）. Finally， strategies for sulfur application to reduce crops and increase hyperaccumulation plants Cd uptake and accumulation were explored. The result provided a theoretical basis for improving crop safety and remediating soil cadmium contamination.

Key words: cadmium, sulfur, uptake, accumulation, crops, hypertolerant plants

中图分类号:

X173

杨丽莹, 邰孟雅, 翟夜雨, 许自成, 黄五星. 硫对植物吸收积累镉的影响及其作用机制研究进展[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(8): 10-21.

Liying YANG, Mengya TAI, Yeyu ZHAI, Zicheng XU, Wuxing HUANG. Progress of Research on the Effect of Sulfur on Cadmium Uptake and Accumulation by Plants and Its Mechanism[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(8): 10-21.

图/表 5

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植物 Plant	硫形态 Sulfur form	硫处理水平 Sulfur treatment level	镉处理水平 Cadmium treatment level	处理时间 Treatment time	结果 Result	参考文献 Reference
水稻 Oryza sativa	元素硫/Na₂SO₄/ 巯基有机黏土 S（S⁰）/Na₂SO₄/ MP	0、50、100 mg∙kg^-1	1.14、1.99 mg∙kg^-1	整个生育期 Whole growth period	根Cd↓；地上部Cd，Cd向籽粒转移系数↑ Cd in roots↓； Cd in shoots，TF to grains↑	［19］
	Na₂S	500 mg∙L^-1	0.67 mg∙kg^-1/0.0、0.2、0.5、1.0、2.0、 5.0 mg∙L^-1	整个生育期 Whole growth period	籽粒Cd，Cd向籽粒转移系数↓ Cd in grains， TF to grains↓	［20］
	K₂SO₄	0、10、40、80、 160 mg∙kg^-1	0.79 mg∙kg^-1	整个生育期 Whole growth period	从根到茎以及从茎到籽粒的Cd转移系数↓ TF from roots to stems and TF from stems to grains↓	［21］
	S⁰/石膏 S⁰/ gypsum	0、150、300 mg∙kg^-1	0、5 mg∙kg^-1	整个生育期Whole growth period	籽粒Cd，从根部到地上部的Cd转移系数↓ Cd in grains， TF from roots to shoots↓	［22］
	Na₂SO₄	0.00、1.75、3.50、 7.00 mmol∙ L^-1	0.0、1.0 μmol∙L^-1	7 d	根Cd，叶Cd，从根部到地上部的Cd转移系数↓ Cd in roots， Cd in leaves， TF from roots to shoots↓	［23］
	Na₂SO₄	2、6、12 mmol∙L^-1	0、10、100 μmol∙L^-1	7 d	叶Cd，Cd向叶转移系数↑ Cd in leaves， TF to leaves↑	［24］
小麦 Triticum aestivum	MgSO₄+Na₂SO₄	2、6、9 mmol∙L^-1	0.0、0.2、20.0、 40.0 μmol∙L^-1	14 d	地上部Cd，从根部到地上部的Cd转移系数↑ Cd in shoots， TF from roots to shoots↑	［25］
	Na₂SO₄	0、30、60 mg∙kg^-1	0.35、10.35 mg∙kg^-1	整个生育期 Whole growth period	籽粒Cd↑ Cd in grains↑	［26］
	MnSO₄	0、500、1 000、 2 000 mg∙kg^-1	1.98 mg∙kg^-1	整个生育期Whole growth period	根Cd，籽粒Cd，Cd向籽粒转移系数↓ Cd in roots， Cd in grains， TF to grains↓	［27］
	S⁰/石膏 S⁰/ gypsum	0、2 000、4 000、 8 000 mg∙kg^-1	3.02 mg∙kg^-1	整个生育期Whole growth period	石膏处理各组织Cd↓， S⁰处理↑ Gypsum treatment Cd↓， S⁰ treatment Cd↑	［16］
	Na₂SO₄	0、60、120 mg∙kg^-1	3.0 mg∙kg^-1	整个生育期Whole growth period	根Cd↑；籽粒Cd，Cd向籽粒转移系数↓ Cd in roots ↑；Cd in grains， TF to grains↓	［28］
小白菜 Brassica chinensis	Na₂SO₄	-2、0、2 mmol∙L^-1 （-2为缺S处理 -2 represents sulphur deficiency treatment）	0、50 μmol∙L^-1	7 d	叶Cd↓ Cd in leaves ↓	［29］
小白菜 Brassica chinensis	Na₂SO₄/CaSO₄	0、5 mmol∙L^-1	0、20 μmol∙L^-1	8 d	叶Cd↓ Cd_{in leaves}↓	［30］

植物 Plant	硫形态 Sulfur form	硫处理水平 Sulfur treatment level	镉处理水平 Cadmium treatment level	处理时间 Treatment time	结果 Result	参考文献 Reference
水稻 Oryza sativa	元素硫/Na₂SO₄/ 巯基有机黏土 S（S⁰）/Na₂SO₄/ MP	0、50、100 mg∙kg^-1	1.14、1.99 mg∙kg^-1	整个生育期 Whole growth period	根Cd↓；地上部Cd，Cd向籽粒转移系数↑ Cd in roots↓； Cd in shoots，TF to grains↑	［19］
	Na₂S	500 mg∙L^-1	0.67 mg∙kg^-1/0.0、0.2、0.5、1.0、2.0、 5.0 mg∙L^-1	整个生育期 Whole growth period	籽粒Cd，Cd向籽粒转移系数↓ Cd in grains， TF to grains↓	［20］
	K₂SO₄	0、10、40、80、 160 mg∙kg^-1	0.79 mg∙kg^-1	整个生育期 Whole growth period	从根到茎以及从茎到籽粒的Cd转移系数↓ TF from roots to stems and TF from stems to grains↓	［21］
	S⁰/石膏 S⁰/ gypsum	0、150、300 mg∙kg^-1	0、5 mg∙kg^-1	整个生育期Whole growth period	籽粒Cd，从根部到地上部的Cd转移系数↓ Cd in grains， TF from roots to shoots↓	［22］
	Na₂SO₄	0.00、1.75、3.50、 7.00 mmol∙ L^-1	0.0、1.0 μmol∙L^-1	7 d	根Cd，叶Cd，从根部到地上部的Cd转移系数↓ Cd in roots， Cd in leaves， TF from roots to shoots↓	［23］
	Na₂SO₄	2、6、12 mmol∙L^-1	0、10、100 μmol∙L^-1	7 d	叶Cd，Cd向叶转移系数↑ Cd in leaves， TF to leaves↑	［24］
小麦 Triticum aestivum	MgSO₄+Na₂SO₄	2、6、9 mmol∙L^-1	0.0、0.2、20.0、 40.0 μmol∙L^-1	14 d	地上部Cd，从根部到地上部的Cd转移系数↑ Cd in shoots， TF from roots to shoots↑	［25］
	Na₂SO₄	0、30、60 mg∙kg^-1	0.35、10.35 mg∙kg^-1	整个生育期 Whole growth period	籽粒Cd↑ Cd in grains↑	［26］
	MnSO₄	0、500、1 000、 2 000 mg∙kg^-1	1.98 mg∙kg^-1	整个生育期Whole growth period	根Cd，籽粒Cd，Cd向籽粒转移系数↓ Cd in roots， Cd in grains， TF to grains↓	［27］
	S⁰/石膏 S⁰/ gypsum	0、2 000、4 000、 8 000 mg∙kg^-1	3.02 mg∙kg^-1	整个生育期Whole growth period	石膏处理各组织Cd↓， S⁰处理↑ Gypsum treatment Cd↓， S⁰ treatment Cd↑	［16］
	Na₂SO₄	0、60、120 mg∙kg^-1	3.0 mg∙kg^-1	整个生育期Whole growth period	根Cd↑；籽粒Cd，Cd向籽粒转移系数↓ Cd in roots ↑；Cd in grains， TF to grains↓	［28］
小白菜 Brassica chinensis	Na₂SO₄	-2、0、2 mmol∙L^-1 （-2为缺S处理 -2 represents sulphur deficiency treatment）	0、50 μmol∙L^-1	7 d	叶Cd↓ Cd in leaves ↓	［29］
小白菜 Brassica chinensis	Na₂SO₄/CaSO₄	0、5 mmol∙L^-1	0、20 μmol∙L^-1	8 d	叶Cd↓ Cd_{in leaves}↓	［30］

植物 Plant	硫形态 Sulfur form	硫处理水平 Sulfur treatment level	镉处理水平 Cadmium treatment level	处理时间 Treatment time	结果 Result	参考文献 Reference
小白菜 Brassica chinensis	Na₂SO₄	0、50 mg∙kg^-1	0、1、5、25、50、 100 mg∙kg^-1	30~35 d	根Cd↑；叶Cd，Cd向叶片转移系数↓ Cd in roots ↑； Cd in leaves， TF to leaves↓	［31-32］
菠菜 Ipomoea aquatica	Na₂SO₄	100、200 mg∙kg^-1	0.24、2.50 mg∙kg^-1	14 d	根Cd↑；叶Cd↓，Cd向叶片转移系数↓ Cd in roots ↑； Cd in leaves， TF to leaves↓	［18］
苋菜 Amaranshus mangostanus	S⁰/（NH₄）₂SO₄/CaSO₄	0、50 mg∙kg^-1	15 mg∙kg^-1	45 d	根Cd，叶Cd↑ Cd in roots， Cd in leaves↑	［33］
大白菜 Brassica campestris	S⁰/Na₂SO₄/Na₂SO₃	200 mg∙kg^-1	2.3 mg∙kg^-1	40 d	根Cd，叶Cd↑ Cd in roots， Cd in leaves↑	［17］
烟草 Nicotiana tabacum	K₂SO₄	0、130、105 mg∙kg^-1	0、1、5 mg∙kg^-1	20 d	根Cd，叶Cd↓ Cd in roots， Cd in leaves↓	［34］
烟草 Nicotiana tabacum	K₂SO₄	0、510、1 020 mg∙kg^-1	9.4 mg∙kg^-1	60 d	根Cd，叶Cd，Cd向叶片转移系数↑ Cd in roots， Cd in leaves， TF to leaves↑	［35］
伴矿景天 Sedum plumbizincicola	S⁰	0~4 000 mg∙kg^-1	1.33、4.44 mg∙kg^-1	90 d	根Cd，叶Cd↑ Cd in roots， Cd in leaves↑	［36］
	S⁰/FeSO₄	0~1 500 mg∙plant^-1/0~ 1 200 mg∙plant^-1	0.65 mg∙kg^-1	60 d	根Cd，叶Cd↑ Cd in roots， Cd in leaves↑	［37］
	S⁰	0、180、360、 720 g∙m^-2	1.33 mg∙kg^-1	150 d	根Cd，叶Cd↑ Cd in roots， Cd in leaves↑	［38］
超积累型东南景天 Sedum alfredii Hance	K₂SO₄	0.00、0.75、1.50、 2.25 mmol∙L^-1	0、10、100 μmol∙L^-1	30 d	根Cd，叶Cd↑ Cd in roots， Cd in leaves↑	［39］
龙葵 Solanum nigrum	S⁰/石膏 S⁰/ gypsum	0、100、50+ 50 mg∙kg^-1	0、25、50 mg∙kg^-1	70 d	根Cd，叶Cd↑ Cd in roots， Cd in leaves↑	［3］

植物 Plant	硫形态 Sulfur form	硫处理水平 Sulfur treatment level	镉处理水平 Cadmium treatment level	处理时间 Treatment time	结果 Result	参考文献 Reference
小白菜 Brassica chinensis	Na₂SO₄	0、50 mg∙kg^-1	0、1、5、25、50、 100 mg∙kg^-1	30~35 d	根Cd↑；叶Cd，Cd向叶片转移系数↓ Cd in roots ↑； Cd in leaves， TF to leaves↓	［31-32］
菠菜 Ipomoea aquatica	Na₂SO₄	100、200 mg∙kg^-1	0.24、2.50 mg∙kg^-1	14 d	根Cd↑；叶Cd↓，Cd向叶片转移系数↓ Cd in roots ↑； Cd in leaves， TF to leaves↓	［18］
苋菜 Amaranshus mangostanus	S⁰/（NH₄）₂SO₄/CaSO₄	0、50 mg∙kg^-1	15 mg∙kg^-1	45 d	根Cd，叶Cd↑ Cd in roots， Cd in leaves↑	［33］
大白菜 Brassica campestris	S⁰/Na₂SO₄/Na₂SO₃	200 mg∙kg^-1	2.3 mg∙kg^-1	40 d	根Cd，叶Cd↑ Cd in roots， Cd in leaves↑	［17］
烟草 Nicotiana tabacum	K₂SO₄	0、130、105 mg∙kg^-1	0、1、5 mg∙kg^-1	20 d	根Cd，叶Cd↓ Cd in roots， Cd in leaves↓	［34］
烟草 Nicotiana tabacum	K₂SO₄	0、510、1 020 mg∙kg^-1	9.4 mg∙kg^-1	60 d	根Cd，叶Cd，Cd向叶片转移系数↑ Cd in roots， Cd in leaves， TF to leaves↑	［35］
伴矿景天 Sedum plumbizincicola	S⁰	0~4 000 mg∙kg^-1	1.33、4.44 mg∙kg^-1	90 d	根Cd，叶Cd↑ Cd in roots， Cd in leaves↑	［36］
	S⁰/FeSO₄	0~1 500 mg∙plant^-1/0~ 1 200 mg∙plant^-1	0.65 mg∙kg^-1	60 d	根Cd，叶Cd↑ Cd in roots， Cd in leaves↑	［37］
	S⁰	0、180、360、 720 g∙m^-2	1.33 mg∙kg^-1	150 d	根Cd，叶Cd↑ Cd in roots， Cd in leaves↑	［38］
超积累型东南景天 Sedum alfredii Hance	K₂SO₄	0.00、0.75、1.50、 2.25 mmol∙L^-1	0、10、100 μmol∙L^-1	30 d	根Cd，叶Cd↑ Cd in roots， Cd in leaves↑	［39］
龙葵 Solanum nigrum	S⁰/石膏 S⁰/ gypsum	0、100、50+ 50 mg∙kg^-1	0、25、50 mg∙kg^-1	70 d	根Cd，叶Cd↑ Cd in roots， Cd in leaves↑	［3］

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