植物生长抑制剂对藜麦农艺性状和穗发芽抗性的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0432

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

藜麦果实无休眠或休眠期短，成熟时云南大部分地区雨季尚未结束，在收获前期遇持续阴雨天气或在潮湿环境下易发生穗发芽现象，严重影响藜麦产量和品质。为有效地控制藜麦穗发芽，以易穗发芽的WQ6为试验材料，分别在初花期（B1）、盛花期（B2）、灌浆期（B3）分别喷施脱落酸（A1）、矮壮素（A2）、多效唑（A3）3种植物生长抑制剂，以喷施清水为对照（CK），探究不同时期喷施不同植物生长抑制剂对藜麦农艺性状和穗发芽抗性的影响。通过隶属函数法综合分析穗发芽抗性，发现各处理的穗发芽隶属函数均值都小于CK，盛花期喷施矮壮素处理的隶属函数平均值最低，穗发芽抗性最强。各处理均能极显著矮化植株、影响产量，A2B1、A1B2、A2B2、A3B2、A1B3处理能够显著增加产量。综合藜麦产量、穗发芽抗性以及抑制剂成本，在盛花期喷施200 mg·L^-1多效唑效果最好。

关键词: 植物生长抑制剂, 藜麦, 农艺性状, 穗发芽抗性

Abstract:

The fruit of quinoa has no dormancy or a short dormancy period， and the rainy season has not ended in most region of Yunnan when quinoa is ripe. In the early stage of harvest， the pre-harvest sprouting （PHS） is easy to occur under continuous rainy weather or humid environment， which seriously affects the yield and quality of quinoa. In order to select an effective method to control PHS of quinoa， WQ6， which is easy to sprout， was used as the experimental material， and abscisic acid （A1）， cycocel （A2） and paclobutrazol （A3） were sprayed at the early flowering stage （B1）， full flowering stage （B2） and filling stage （B3）， respectively， with spraying clear water as control （CK）. The effects of spraying different plant growth inhibitors in different periods on agronomic characters and PHS resistance of quinoa were studied. The results showed that the average membership functions of PHS resistance under inhibitors treatments were less than CK by membership function method， among which the average membership function of spraying cycocel at full flowering stage was the lowest and the PHS resistance was the strongest. All treatments could significantly dwarf plants and affect the yield， among which A2B1， A1B2， A2B2， A3B2 and A1B3 treatments could significantly increase the yield. Considering the yield of quinoa， PHS resistance and inhibitor cost， A3B2 was the best treatment， which spraying 200 mg·L^-1 paclobutrazol at full flowering stage had the best effect.

Key words: plant growth inhibitor, quinoa, agronomic traits, pre-harvest sprouting resistance

中图分类号:

S516

杨招娣, 郭凤根, 王仕玉, 刘正杰, 龙雯虹. 植物生长抑制剂对藜麦农艺性状和穗发芽抗性的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(5): 44-51.

Zhaodi YANG, Fenggen GUO, Shiyu WANG, Zhengjie LIU, Wenhong LONG. Effect of Plant Growth Inhibitors on Agronomic Traits and Pre-harvest Sprouting Resistance of Quinoa[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(5): 44-51.

图/表 6

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时期 Stage	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height	株幅 Plant width	茎粗 Stem diameter	叶长 Leaf length	叶宽 Leaf width	主穗长 Main spike length	穗粗 Spike diameter
初花期 Early flowering stage	A3B1	52.00±1.00 cC	27.03±0.95 bB	1.26±0.05 bB	7.23±0.15 aA	7.83±0.25 cB	5.63±0.12 bB	2.48±0.07 dC
	A1B2	101.00±1.00 aA	37.43±0.60 aA	1.62±0.03 aA	6.27±0.06 dB	12.40±0.17 abA	9.99±0.08 aA	4.65±0.36 abA
	A2B2	102.67±3.21 aA	38.55±2.36 aA	1.60±0.02 aA	6.63±0.38 bcdAB	12.53±0.32 aA	9.77±0.32 aA	4.98±0.06 aA
	A3B2	100.67±3.06 aA	36.00±2.18 aA	1.59±0.02 aA	6.37±0.38 cdB	12.47±0.42 aA	10.10±0.26 aA	4.70±0.36 abA
	A1B3	101.00±2.00 aA	37.70±0.36 aA	1.63±0.03 aA	6.87±0.06 abAB	11.94±0.09 bA	9.43±0.55 aA	4.37±0.28 abAB
	A2B3	102.33±3.06 aA	36.33±1.26 aA	1.58±0.03 aA	6.80±0.17 abcAB	12.13±0.35 abA	10.00±1.00 aA	4.52±0.19 abAB
	A3B3	104.00±1.00 aA	38.17±1.04 aA	1.62±0.04 aA	6.50±0.17 bcdB	12.16±0.13 abA	10.00±0.50 aA	4.33±0.59 bAB
盛花期 Full flowering stage	CK	155.33±3.06 aA	43.17± 1.53 bcAB	1.67±0.06 bB	10.10±0.46 aA	5.03±0.06 dC	33.00±1.00 aA	4.97±0.14 bB
	A1B1	92.00±1.00 eE	22.50±3.04 eD	1.13±0.06 dD	6.50±0.62 cC	4.27±0.25 eD	12.33±0.58 cC	3.27±0.23 eD
	A2B1	86.00±1.00 fF	31.50± 3.50 dC	1.13±0.06 dD	6.40±0.66 cC	5.90±0.35 bcB	14.00±1.00 cC	4.03±0.10 cC
	A3B1	143.33±1.53 cC	44.83±5.97 abcAB	1.34±0.04 cC	6.67±0.29 cC	6.13±0.31 bAB	31.00±2.65 aA	4.25±0.25 cC
	A1B2	148.00±1.00 bBC	44.67± 1.15 abcAB	1.73±0.06 bB	6.47±0.21 cC	5.63±0.15 cB	33.00±3.00 aA	3.55±0.23 dD
	A2B2	122.00±2.65 dD	46.67± 1.15 abAB	2.07±0.06 aA	6.41±0.39 cC	6.50±0.20 aA	21.00±1.00 bB	3.55±0.23 dD
	A3B2	122.67±2.89 dD	49.33±2.02 aA	1.64±0.05 bB	8.00±0.26 bB	5.90±0.10 bcB	21.67±1.53 bB	5.93±0.26 aA
	A1B3	153.00±3.00 aAB	41.17±0.76 cB	1.67±0.02 bB	9.45±0.05 aA	5.02±0.16 dC	33.00±3.00 aA	4.20±0.09 cC
	A2B3	154.67±2.52 aA	40.00±0.50 cB	1.66±0.06 bB	10.03±0.15 aA	5.06±0.13 dC	33.67±3.21 aA	4.99±0.04 bB
	A3B3	154.33±1.15 aA	40.47±0.55 cB	1.65±0.05 bB	9.97±0.21 aA	5.03±0.16 dC	34.00±1.73 aA	4.96±0.04 bB
灌浆期 Filling stage	CK	171.33±1.53 aA	26.67± 0.58 bcAB	2.30± 0.05 aA	2.93± 0.21 cB	2.27± 0.15 cB	45.33± 0.58 aA	6.45±0.05 bB
	A1B1	97.00±2.00 hH	30.50± 1.32 abAB	1.53± 0.03 fE	5.90± 0.96 aA	4.337± 1.06 aA	16.67± 2.08 fE	3.73±0.15 eD
	A2B1	108.33±2.08 gG	28.50± 3.46 abcAB	1.50± 0.01 fE	3.57± 0.47 bcB	2.40± 0.61 bcB	15.67± 2.08 fE	4.23±0.06 cC
	A3B1	165.00±1.00 bB	29.67± 6.25 abcAB	1.53± 0.02 fE	3.97± 0.51 bcAB	2.93± 0.57 bcB	32.67± 2.52 fE	4.23±0.06 dD
	A1B2	158.00±1.00 cC	35.83± 5.58 aA	1.85± 0.05 deCD	4.47± 0.42 abcAB	2.53± 0.46 bcB	36.00± 1.00 dC	3.90±0.05 fE
	A2B2	144.33±1.53 eE	34.00± 7.57 abA	2.17± 0.03 abAB	3.97± 0.32 bcAB	3.23± 0.21 bAB	22.67± 1.15 cC	3.50±0.05 aA
	A3B2	133.67±2.31 fF	33.17± 6.29 abA	1.75± 0.05 eD	4.83± 2.34 abAB	2.67± 0.32 bcB	23.67± 1.15 eD	6.97±0.08 deD
	A1B3	163.33±3.21 bB	34.00± 1.80 abA	1.94± 0.03 cdCD	3.43± 0.15 bcB	2.63± 0.06 bcB	40.00± 1.00 eD	3.82±0.03 bB
	A2B3	151.33±3.21 dD	34.50± 0.87 abA	1.98± 0.11 cdBC	3.70± 0.20 bcAB	2.80± 0.20 bcB	40.00± 1.00 bB	6.43±0.06 bB
	A3B3	156.33±0.58 cC	22.00± 1.00 cB	2.03± 0.23 bcBC	4.10± 0.10 bcAB	2.87± 0.06 bcB	41.67± 1.53 bB	6.47±0.09 bB

时期 Stage	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height	株幅 Plant width	茎粗 Stem diameter	叶长 Leaf length	叶宽 Leaf width	主穗长 Main spike length	穗粗 Spike diameter
初花期 Early flowering stage	A3B1	52.00±1.00 cC	27.03±0.95 bB	1.26±0.05 bB	7.23±0.15 aA	7.83±0.25 cB	5.63±0.12 bB	2.48±0.07 dC
	A1B2	101.00±1.00 aA	37.43±0.60 aA	1.62±0.03 aA	6.27±0.06 dB	12.40±0.17 abA	9.99±0.08 aA	4.65±0.36 abA
	A2B2	102.67±3.21 aA	38.55±2.36 aA	1.60±0.02 aA	6.63±0.38 bcdAB	12.53±0.32 aA	9.77±0.32 aA	4.98±0.06 aA
	A3B2	100.67±3.06 aA	36.00±2.18 aA	1.59±0.02 aA	6.37±0.38 cdB	12.47±0.42 aA	10.10±0.26 aA	4.70±0.36 abA
	A1B3	101.00±2.00 aA	37.70±0.36 aA	1.63±0.03 aA	6.87±0.06 abAB	11.94±0.09 bA	9.43±0.55 aA	4.37±0.28 abAB
	A2B3	102.33±3.06 aA	36.33±1.26 aA	1.58±0.03 aA	6.80±0.17 abcAB	12.13±0.35 abA	10.00±1.00 aA	4.52±0.19 abAB
	A3B3	104.00±1.00 aA	38.17±1.04 aA	1.62±0.04 aA	6.50±0.17 bcdB	12.16±0.13 abA	10.00±0.50 aA	4.33±0.59 bAB
盛花期 Full flowering stage	CK	155.33±3.06 aA	43.17± 1.53 bcAB	1.67±0.06 bB	10.10±0.46 aA	5.03±0.06 dC	33.00±1.00 aA	4.97±0.14 bB
	A1B1	92.00±1.00 eE	22.50±3.04 eD	1.13±0.06 dD	6.50±0.62 cC	4.27±0.25 eD	12.33±0.58 cC	3.27±0.23 eD
	A2B1	86.00±1.00 fF	31.50± 3.50 dC	1.13±0.06 dD	6.40±0.66 cC	5.90±0.35 bcB	14.00±1.00 cC	4.03±0.10 cC
	A3B1	143.33±1.53 cC	44.83±5.97 abcAB	1.34±0.04 cC	6.67±0.29 cC	6.13±0.31 bAB	31.00±2.65 aA	4.25±0.25 cC
	A1B2	148.00±1.00 bBC	44.67± 1.15 abcAB	1.73±0.06 bB	6.47±0.21 cC	5.63±0.15 cB	33.00±3.00 aA	3.55±0.23 dD
	A2B2	122.00±2.65 dD	46.67± 1.15 abAB	2.07±0.06 aA	6.41±0.39 cC	6.50±0.20 aA	21.00±1.00 bB	3.55±0.23 dD
	A3B2	122.67±2.89 dD	49.33±2.02 aA	1.64±0.05 bB	8.00±0.26 bB	5.90±0.10 bcB	21.67±1.53 bB	5.93±0.26 aA
	A1B3	153.00±3.00 aAB	41.17±0.76 cB	1.67±0.02 bB	9.45±0.05 aA	5.02±0.16 dC	33.00±3.00 aA	4.20±0.09 cC
	A2B3	154.67±2.52 aA	40.00±0.50 cB	1.66±0.06 bB	10.03±0.15 aA	5.06±0.13 dC	33.67±3.21 aA	4.99±0.04 bB
	A3B3	154.33±1.15 aA	40.47±0.55 cB	1.65±0.05 bB	9.97±0.21 aA	5.03±0.16 dC	34.00±1.73 aA	4.96±0.04 bB
灌浆期 Filling stage	CK	171.33±1.53 aA	26.67± 0.58 bcAB	2.30± 0.05 aA	2.93± 0.21 cB	2.27± 0.15 cB	45.33± 0.58 aA	6.45±0.05 bB
	A1B1	97.00±2.00 hH	30.50± 1.32 abAB	1.53± 0.03 fE	5.90± 0.96 aA	4.337± 1.06 aA	16.67± 2.08 fE	3.73±0.15 eD
	A2B1	108.33±2.08 gG	28.50± 3.46 abcAB	1.50± 0.01 fE	3.57± 0.47 bcB	2.40± 0.61 bcB	15.67± 2.08 fE	4.23±0.06 cC
	A3B1	165.00±1.00 bB	29.67± 6.25 abcAB	1.53± 0.02 fE	3.97± 0.51 bcAB	2.93± 0.57 bcB	32.67± 2.52 fE	4.23±0.06 dD
	A1B2	158.00±1.00 cC	35.83± 5.58 aA	1.85± 0.05 deCD	4.47± 0.42 abcAB	2.53± 0.46 bcB	36.00± 1.00 dC	3.90±0.05 fE
	A2B2	144.33±1.53 eE	34.00± 7.57 abA	2.17± 0.03 abAB	3.97± 0.32 bcAB	3.23± 0.21 bAB	22.67± 1.15 cC	3.50±0.05 aA
	A3B2	133.67±2.31 fF	33.17± 6.29 abA	1.75± 0.05 eD	4.83± 2.34 abAB	2.67± 0.32 bcB	23.67± 1.15 eD	6.97±0.08 deD
	A1B3	163.33±3.21 bB	34.00± 1.80 abA	1.94± 0.03 cdCD	3.43± 0.15 bcB	2.63± 0.06 bcB	40.00± 1.00 eD	3.82±0.03 bB
	A2B3	151.33±3.21 dD	34.50± 0.87 abA	1.98± 0.11 cdBC	3.70± 0.20 bcAB	2.80± 0.20 bcB	40.00± 1.00 bB	6.43±0.06 bB
	A3B3	156.33±0.58 cC	22.00± 1.00 cB	2.03± 0.23 bcBC	4.10± 0.10 bcAB	2.87± 0.06 bcB	41.67± 1.53 bB	6.47±0.09 bB

处理 Treatment	单株粒重 Grain weight per plant/g	千粒重 Thousand grain weight/g	产量 Yield/（kg·hm^-2）
CK	24.08±0.48 dC	7.43±0.08 aA	174.04±3.48 dC
A1B1	19.23±0.08 fE	6.81±0.23 cdBCD	138.98±0.58 fE
A2B1	25.07±0.25 cC	6.62±0.32 dCD	181.16±1.83 cC
A3B1	21.44±0.26 eD	6.63±0.015 dCD	179.65±2.94 eD
A1B2	28.22±0.36 aA	6.88±0.24 bcdABCD	203.91±2.57 aA
A2B2	26.65±0.26 bB	6.68±0.34 dBCD	192.60±1.89 bB
A3B2	24.86±0.41 cC	6.73±0.11 dBCD	178.90±0.86 cC
A1B3	26.75±0.48 bB	7.28±0.01 abAB	193.34±3.45 bB
A2B3	21.15±0.29 eD	6.53±0.08 dD	152.83±2.09 eD
A3B3	24.75±0.12 cdC	7.17±0.11 abcABC	154.97±1.86 cdC

处理 Treatment	单株粒重 Grain weight per plant/g	千粒重 Thousand grain weight/g	产量 Yield/（kg·hm^-2）
CK	24.08±0.48 dC	7.43±0.08 aA	174.04±3.48 dC
A1B1	19.23±0.08 fE	6.81±0.23 cdBCD	138.98±0.58 fE
A2B1	25.07±0.25 cC	6.62±0.32 dCD	181.16±1.83 cC
A3B1	21.44±0.26 eD	6.63±0.015 dCD	179.65±2.94 eD
A1B2	28.22±0.36 aA	6.88±0.24 bcdABCD	203.91±2.57 aA
A2B2	26.65±0.26 bB	6.68±0.34 dBCD	192.60±1.89 bB
A3B2	24.86±0.41 cC	6.73±0.11 dBCD	178.90±0.86 cC
A1B3	26.75±0.48 bB	7.28±0.01 abAB	193.34±3.45 bB
A2B3	21.15±0.29 eD	6.53±0.08 dD	152.83±2.09 eD
A3B3	24.75±0.12 cdC	7.17±0.11 abcABC	154.97±1.86 cdC

处理Treatment	穗发芽率SR/%			穗发芽指数 SI	籽粒发芽率GR/%				籽粒发芽指数 GI
处理Treatment	12 h	24 h	36 h	穗发芽指数 SI	6 h	12 h	24 h	36 h	籽粒发芽指数 GI
CK	40.85± 1.34 aA	59.76± 4.42 aA	81.37± 4.00 aA	0.61± 0.02 aA	23.00± 0.82 aA	74.33± 2.62 aA	98.67±0.47 aA	99.67± 0.47 aA	0.74±0.01 aA
A1B1	31.07± 0.23 bB	39.98± 1.94 cdBC	66.63± 2.30 bB	0.46± 0.02 bB	1.33± 0.47 bcBC	56.00± 0.82 bB	98.33±0.94 aA	98.67± 0.47 abA	0.64±0.00 bB
A2B1	29.64± 0.28 bcBC	42.96± 1.51 bcB	62.53± 0.51 bcdB	0.45±0.00 bBC	0.00± 0.00 dD	40.00± 1.41 cC	96.33±0.47 aA	97.00± 0.82 bA	0.58±0.01 cC
A3B1	24.45± 0.32 dD	44.14± 0.66 bcB	65.11± 2.20 bcB	0.45± 0.01 bcBC	0.67± 0.47 cdCD	12.00± 0.82 efE	97.00±2.17 aA	98.00± 1.41 abA	0.52±0.02 dD
A1B2	12.59± 0.37 BefEF	35.89± 1.31 deC	53.36± 0.94 deBC	0.34± 0.00 eE	2.00± 0.00 bB	11.00± 0.82 fE	81.67±1.89 cC	91.00± 1.41 cB	0.46±0.01 fE
A2B2	14.34± 0.41 eE	36.16± 0.55 deC	52.10± 0.87 deBC	0.34± 0.00 eDE	0.67± 0.47 cdCD	10.00± 1.63 fE	54.67±2.49 eE	89.33± 1.25 cB	0.39±0.01 hG
A3B2	11.36± 0.23 fF	34.78± 0.58 eC	57.56± 0.31 bcdBC	0.35± 0.00 eDE	0.00± 0.00 dD	10.33± 0.47 fE	71.00±1.63 dD	85.33± 0.47 dC	0.42±0.01 gF
A1B3	30.98± 0.48 bB	44.28± 0.60 bcB	54.49± 2.79 cdeBC	0.43± 0.01 bcdBC	1.00± 0.00 cBCD	38.00± 1.63 cC	95.00±2.16 aA	96.67± 1.70 bA	0.58±0.01 cC
A2B3	7.88± 0.44 cC	46.31± 0.26 bB	44.24± 13.70 eC	0.40± 0.04 dCD	1.00± 0.00 cBCD	14.33± 1.25 eE	87.67±0.47 bB	96.67± 2.36 bA	0.50±0.01 eD
A3B3	23.17± 2.24 dD	44.22± 3.81 bcB	54.85± 1.24 cdeBC	0.41± 0.02 cdBC	1.00± 0.00 cBCD	22.00± 1.63 dD	82.67±2.06 cC	98.67± 0.47 abA	0.51±0.00 deD