水分含量对平菇菌糠堆肥发酵的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0261

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明水分含量对平菇菌糠堆肥发酵的影响，制备了不同水分含量（46%、54%、59%、65%）的平菇菌糠，用尿素调节碳氮比（C/N）约为30∶1后加入菌剂进行堆肥发酵，对不同水分含量平菇菌糠的堆体温度、pH、电导率（electrical conductivity， EC）、种子发芽指数（germination index，GI）、养分及有机质含量等指标进行分析。结果表明，整个堆肥过程各处理的平均发酵温度差异不大，但含水量65%的菌糠在堆肥前17 d的发酵温度较含水量46%、54%、59%的菌糠低，后22 d的发酵温度较含水量46%、54%、59%的菌糠高。堆肥17 d后，不同水分含量的平菇菌糠总养分均大于4.00%；堆肥39 d后，各处理的总养分和N、P、K含量没有显著差异， GI均大于100%， pH、EC都达到NY/T 525—2021标准，但只有初始水分含量46%、54%的菌糠含水量达到NY/T 525—2021标准（≤30%）。综上所述，在生产实践中，含水量46%~54% 的平菇菌糠可在调节好C/N后，直接发酵为合格有机肥。研究结果为平菇菌糠肥料化利用提供科学依据。

关键词: 水分含量, 平菇, 菌糠, 堆肥, 发酵

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effect of moisture content on the composting of Pleurotus ostreatus spent substrate， different moisture contents （46%，54%，59%，65%） spent substrate were used for composting after carbon nitrogen ratio（C/N）adjusted to about 30∶1， then the temperature， pH， electrical conductivity （EC）， seed germination index （GI）， nutrients and organic matter content of Pleurotus ostreatus spent substrate were determined during composting progress. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the average fermentation temperature during the whole composting process. However， the fermentation temperature of spent substrate with 65% moisture content was lower than those of spent substrate with 46%， 54% and 59% moisture contents in the first 17 d， and higher than those of 46%， 54% and 59% in the last 22 d of composting process. The total nutrients of spent substrate with different moisture contents were all more than 4.00% after 17 d composting. When composting for 39 d， the total nutrients and N， P， K contents of all treatments did not differ significantly， the GI of all treatments were more than 100%， and the pH and EC of all treatments also reached the standard of NY/T 525—2021， but only the spent substrate with initial moisture content of 46% and 54% reached the moisture standard of NY/T 525—2021 （≤30%）. In summary， the Pleurotus ostreatus spent substrate with moisture content of 46%~54% could be fermented into qualified organic fertilizer after adjusting the C/N. Above results provided scientific basis for the fertilizer utilization of Pleurotus ostreatus spent substrate.

Key words: moisture content, Pleurotus ostreatus, spent substrate, composting, fermentation

中图分类号:

S141.4

陈亮, 王克勤, 齐慧, 彭华, 刘安, 魏东宁, 邓明, 武小芬. 水分含量对平菇菌糠堆肥发酵的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(10): 226-233.

Liang CHEN, Keqin WANG, Hui QI, Hua PENG, An LIU, Dongning WEI, Ming DENG, Xiaofen WU. Effect of Moisture Content on Composting with Spent Substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(10): 226-233.

图/表 8

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处理 Treatment	发酵时间Fermentation time/d
处理 Treatment	0	17	39
46%	3.72±0.02 a	4.69±0.27 ab	4.91±0.01 a
54%	3.87±0.21 a	5.04±0.04 a	5.36±0.11 a
59%	3.73±0.04 a	4.59±0.03 b	5.06±0.18 a
65%	3.72±0.01 a	4.67±0.08 ab	5.29±0.33 a

处理 Treatment	发酵时间Fermentation time/d
处理 Treatment	0	17	39
46%	3.72±0.02 a	4.69±0.27 ab	4.91±0.01 a
54%	3.87±0.21 a	5.04±0.04 a	5.36±0.11 a
59%	3.73±0.04 a	4.59±0.03 b	5.06±0.18 a
65%	3.72±0.01 a	4.67±0.08 ab	5.29±0.33 a

处理 Treatment	发酵时间Fermentation time/d
	0			17			39
	氮N	磷P	钾K	氮N	磷P	钾K	氮N	磷P	钾K
46%	1.39±0.08 a	0.70±0.16 a	1.61±0.08 a	1.72±0.11 a	1.02±0.08 a	1.95±0.07 b	1.92±0.01 a	1.04±0.06 a	1.95±0.08 a
54%	1.48±0.08 a	0.63±0.04 a	1.76±0.17 a	1.66±0.04 a	1.08±0.08 a	2.30±0.08 a	1.96±0.07 a	1.09±0.07 a	2.31±0.03 a
59%	1.53±0.03 a	0.58±0.01 a	1.61±0.03 a	1.69±0.01 a	0.95±0.01 a	1.95±0.06 b	2.05±0.11 a	1.04±0.01 a	1.97±0.08 a
65%	1.50±0.00 a	0.59±0.07 a	1.63±0.06 a	1.75±0.06 a	0.89±0.06 a	2.03±0.20 ab	2.10±0.06 a	1.06±0.01 a	2.13±0.25 a

处理 Treatment	发酵时间Fermentation time/d
	0			17			39
	氮N	磷P	钾K	氮N	磷P	钾K	氮N	磷P	钾K
46%	1.39±0.08 a	0.70±0.16 a	1.61±0.08 a	1.72±0.11 a	1.02±0.08 a	1.95±0.07 b	1.92±0.01 a	1.04±0.06 a	1.95±0.08 a
54%	1.48±0.08 a	0.63±0.04 a	1.76±0.17 a	1.66±0.04 a	1.08±0.08 a	2.30±0.08 a	1.96±0.07 a	1.09±0.07 a	2.31±0.03 a
59%	1.53±0.03 a	0.58±0.01 a	1.61±0.03 a	1.69±0.01 a	0.95±0.01 a	1.95±0.06 b	2.05±0.11 a	1.04±0.01 a	1.97±0.08 a
65%	1.50±0.00 a	0.59±0.07 a	1.63±0.06 a	1.75±0.06 a	0.89±0.06 a	2.03±0.20 ab	2.10±0.06 a	1.06±0.01 a	2.13±0.25 a

处理 Treatment	发酵时间Fermentation time/d
	0		17		39
	有机质 Organic matter/%	碳氮比 C/N	有机质 Organic matter /%	碳氮比 C/N	有机质 Organic matter /%	碳氮比 C/N
46%	75.69±2.00 a	31.59	71.52±2.40 a	24.11	66.64±1.84 ab	20.12
54%	77.23±1.13 a	30.26	69.08±4.95 a	24.15	62.70±2.55 b	18.56
59%	76.01±0.71 a	28.81	72.11±2.55 a	24.75	68.85±1.34 a	19.48
65%	75.40±1.84 a	29.16	72.43±0.57 a	24.00	69.08±1.56 a	19.08