施氮量对云烟121上部烟叶代谢及品质的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0587

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高烤烟上部叶品质与可用性，筛选出曲靖烟区云烟121适宜的施氮量，分别施用纯氮82.5、105.0和127.5 kg·hm^-2进行大田试验，测定不同处理的农艺性状、上部成熟鲜烟叶的超微结构及烘烤后的外观质量、化学成分、感官质量等指标，并进行代谢组学分析，综合评价不同施氮量处理下云烟121的生长情况与上部烟叶品质。结果表明，3个施氮量处理烟株的长势无明显差异，其中105.0 kg·hm^-2处理烟株的综合发病率最低。随着施氮量的增加，云烟121上部叶片中的叶绿体降解减缓，淀粉粒与嗜锇颗粒体积增大，其中105.0 kg·hm^-2处理烟叶的嗜锇颗粒数量最多。施氮水平影响云烟121上部叶的代谢模式，且主要集中在莽草酸和苯丙烷代谢途径。在105.0 kg·hm^-2处理下，云烟121上部叶烤后的外观质量、化学成分、感官质量、经济性状均优于其他施氮水平。由此表明，施用纯氮105.0 kg·hm^-2能够有效提高曲靖烟区云烟121上部叶的品质与可用性。

关键词: 云烟121, 上部叶, 施氮量, 烤后烟质量, 代谢组学, 超微结构, 农艺性状

Abstract:

To enhance the quality and usability of tobacco upper leaves， and screen suitable nitrogen application rate for Yunnan 121 in the Qujing tobacco-growing region， the field experiments were conducted with nitrogen application rates of 82.5， 105.0 and 127.5 kg·hm^-2. Agronomic traits were recorded under different treatments， the ultrastructure of mature upper tobacco leaves was examined， and the metabolomic was analyzed. After curing， the indicators such as external quality， chemical composition， sensory quality， etc.， were measured. The growth status and upper leaf quality of Yunnan 121 under different nitrogen application rates were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that there was no significant difference on the growth of tobacco plants under 3 nitrogen application rate treatments， with the lowest comprehensive disease incidence observed in 105.0 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen treatment. With increasing nitrogen application rates， the degradation of chloroplasts in the upper leaves of Yunnan 121 slowed down， and the volumes of starch granules and eosinophilic granules gradually increased， with the highest accumulation of eosinophilic granules of leaves in 105.0 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen treatment. Nitrogen application levels influenced the metabolic patterns of upper leaves in Yunnan 121， primarily focusing on the pathways of oxalic acid and phenylpropane metabolism. Under the 105.0 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen treatment， the post-curing appearance quality， chemical composition， sensory quality， and economic traits of upper leaves in Yunnan 121 were superior to the other 2 nitrogen application levels. Consequently， it should be considered that pure nitrogen of 105.0 kg·hm^-2 could effectively improve the quality and usability of upper leaves in Yunnan 121 in the Qujing tobacco-growing region.

Key words: Yunyan 121, upper leaves, nitrogen application rate, quality of roasted tobacco, metabolomics, ultrastructural, agronomic traits

中图分类号:

S572

郑宏斌, 王聪, 席奇亮, 张仲文, 王卫民, 王昕, 郭进, 何欢欢, 芦伟龙, 许自成, 王文超, 贾玮. 施氮量对云烟121上部烟叶代谢及品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(10): 215-225.

Hongbin ZHENG, Cong WANG, Qiliang XI, Zhongwen ZHANG, Weimin WANG, Xin WANG, Jin GUO, Huanhuan HE, Weilong LU, Zicheng XU, Wenchao WANG, Wei JIA. Impact of Nitrogen Application Rate on Metabolism and Quality of Upper Leaves of Yunyan 121[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(10): 215-225.

图/表 13

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性状Trait	处理Treatment
性状Trait	LF	MF	HF
叶长Leaf length/cm	67.4±4.0 a	69.0±2.4 a	70.4±3.2 a
叶宽Leaf width/cm	20.8±2.3 a	20.8±1.8 a	22.8±1.9 a
叶夹角Leaf position angle/（°）	34.0±3.1 b	40.8±1.8 a	42.8±1.8 a
最大叶面积Maximum leaf area/cm²	887.5±90.1 a	909.9±75.1 a	101 9.8±113.0 a
株高Plant height/cm	67.0±8.0 a	69.4±8.3 a	72.2±5.1 a
径围Stem girth/cm	9.28±0.40 a	9.24±0.20 a	9.54±0.40 a
节距Internode length/cm	4.60±0.40 b	5.63±0.60 a	6.20±0.90 a
株型Stock type	腰鼓形 Waist-drum type	腰鼓形、长筒形 Waist-drum type，cylindrical type	长筒形 Cylindrical type
气候斑发病率Incidence of tobacco weather fleck/%	56	48	52
番茄斑萎发病率Incidence of tomato spotted wilt virus/%	32	36	44

性状Trait	处理Treatment
性状Trait	LF	MF	HF
叶长Leaf length/cm	67.4±4.0 a	69.0±2.4 a	70.4±3.2 a
叶宽Leaf width/cm	20.8±2.3 a	20.8±1.8 a	22.8±1.9 a
叶夹角Leaf position angle/（°）	34.0±3.1 b	40.8±1.8 a	42.8±1.8 a
最大叶面积Maximum leaf area/cm²	887.5±90.1 a	909.9±75.1 a	101 9.8±113.0 a
株高Plant height/cm	67.0±8.0 a	69.4±8.3 a	72.2±5.1 a
径围Stem girth/cm	9.28±0.40 a	9.24±0.20 a	9.54±0.40 a
节距Internode length/cm	4.60±0.40 b	5.63±0.60 a	6.20±0.90 a
株型Stock type	腰鼓形 Waist-drum type	腰鼓形、长筒形 Waist-drum type，cylindrical type	长筒形 Cylindrical type
气候斑发病率Incidence of tobacco weather fleck/%	56	48	52
番茄斑萎发病率Incidence of tomato spotted wilt virus/%	32	36	44

通路名称 Pathway name	P值 P value	影响值 Impact value	KEGG登记号KEGG registration number
通路名称 Pathway name	P值 P value	影响值 Impact value	差异代谢物 Differential metabolite	代谢通路 Metabolic pathway
亚油酸代谢 Linoleic acid metabolism	0.041 8	0.295 5	C01595、C03242、C14762、C14766、C14825、C14837	ath00591
苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成 Biosynthesis of phenylalanine， tyrosine and tryptophan	0.093 3	0.137 1	C00082、C00166、C00441、C00493、 C00587、 C02637	ath00400
酪氨酸代谢 Tyrosine metabolism	0.110 0	0.181 2	C00042、C00082、 C00483、 C00544、 C00811、C01161、 C03765、 C05584、 C05594、C06044	ath00350

通路名称 Pathway name	P值 P value	影响值 Impact value	KEGG登记号KEGG registration number
通路名称 Pathway name	P值 P value	影响值 Impact value	差异代谢物 Differential metabolite	代谢通路 Metabolic pathway
亚油酸代谢 Linoleic acid metabolism	0.041 8	0.295 5	C01595、C03242、C14762、C14766、C14825、C14837	ath00591
苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成 Biosynthesis of phenylalanine， tyrosine and tryptophan	0.093 3	0.137 1	C00082、C00166、C00441、C00493、 C00587、 C02637	ath00400
酪氨酸代谢 Tyrosine metabolism	0.110 0	0.181 2	C00042、C00082、 C00483、 C00544、 C00811、C01161、 C03765、 C05584、 C05594、C06044	ath00350

代谢物 Metabolite	峰响应值Intensity response value
代谢物 Metabolite	LF	MF	HF
亚油酸Linoleic acid	9.04±0.06 a	9.07±0.05 a	8.86±0.09 b
8，11，14-二十二碳三烯酸8，11，14-eicosatrienoic acid	8.35±0.03 a	8.39±0.09 a	8.23±0.07 b
13S-羟基十八碳二烯酸13S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid	8.40±0.05 a	8.43±0.06 a	8.21±0.09 b
9，10-环氧十八烯酸9，10-epoxyoctadecenoic acid	10.46±0.05 a	10.52±0.07 a	10.23±0.04 b
9，10-二羟基-12，13-环氧十八烷酸酯9，10-dihydroxy-12，13-epoxyoctadecanoate	7.66±0.14 b	7.70±0.01 b	8.46±0.02 a
9-氧代十八烷-10，12-二烯酸9-oxoODE	8.02±0.43 b	7.94±0.25 b	8.42±0.23 a