烟稻轮作条件下有机肥施用时期对烤烟碳氮代谢的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0264

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (9): 157-165.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0264

烟稻轮作条件下有机肥施用时期对烤烟碳氮代谢的影响

高静娟¹(), 朱晨宇¹, 柯玉琴², 郑朝元¹, 李春英³, 李文卿³()

^1.福建农林大学资源与环境学院国际镁营养研究所，福州 350002
^2.福建农林大学生命科学学院，福州 350002
^3.福建省烟草专卖局烟草科学研究所，福州 350013

收稿日期:2022-04-04 接受日期:2022-06-10 出版日期:2023-09-15 发布日期:2023-09-28
通讯作者: 李文卿
作者简介:高静娟 E-mail：gaojjhnly@163.com；
基金资助:
中国烟草总公司科技项目(110201902002);福建省烟草专卖局项目(闽烟合同〔2014〕185号)

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Application Period on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Flue-cured Tobacco Under Tobacco-Rice Rotation

Jingjuan GAO¹(), Chenyu ZHU¹, Yuqin KE², Chaoyuan ZHENG¹, Chunying LI³, Wenqing LI³()

^1.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences，International Magnesium Institute，Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University，Fuzhou 350002，China
^2.College of Life Sciences，Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University，Fuzhou 350002，China
^3.Tobacco Science Institute，Fujian Provincial Tobacco Monopoly Administration，Fuzhou 350013，China

Received:2022-04-04 Accepted:2022-06-10 Online:2023-09-15 Published:2023-09-28
Contact: Wenqing LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了完善烟稻轮作烟区养分管理和促进烤烟生长后期烟叶“养熟”措施优化，通过大田试验，在水稻季和烤烟季设置T1（烤烟季水稻季都施用纯化肥）、T2（烤烟季化肥+饼肥，水稻季纯化肥）、T3（烤烟季纯化肥，水稻季化肥+饼肥）、T4（烤烟季水稻季都施用化肥+饼肥）4种施肥处理，研究烟稻轮作烟田不同作物季施用有机肥对烟株生长后期光合特性、荧光特性以及碳氮代谢关键酶活性的影响。结果表明，施用饼肥处理各项指标均比2季都施用纯化肥处理好，饼肥在烤烟当季施用比水稻季施用对烟株生理效应更好，烟稻2季均施用化肥+饼肥处理对烟株生理效应最好，T4处理总叶绿素含量较T2、T3、T1处理分别增加15.0%、26.6%、45.3%，T4处理净光合速率较T2、T3、T1处理分别增加13.3%、36.1%、66.0%。烟稻2季均化肥饼肥配施能更显著的提高光合速率，促进光合产物的转化以及维持氮代谢水平，保证烤烟生长后期烟株体内各种代谢过程的顺利进行，更有利于烟叶在田间“养熟”和优质烟叶的品质形成，从而提高烟农收益。

关键词: 烟稻轮作, 有机肥, 碳氮代谢, 光合作用, 荧光特性

Abstract:

To improve nutrient management and promote natural leaf ripening of flue-cured tobacco in tobacco-rice rotation area， a field experiment was designed and 4 fertilization treatments including T1 （chemical fertilizer applied in both rice season and flue-cured tobacco season）， T2 （chemical fertilizer + rapeseed cake fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco season， chemical fertilizer in rice season）， T3 （chemical fertilizer applied in flue-cured tobacco season， chemical fertilizer + rapeseed cake fertilizer applied in rice season） and T4 （chemical fertilizer + rapeseed fertilizer applied in both rice season and flue-cured tobacco season） were set in both rice and flue-cured tobacco season. The effects of organic fertilizer application on photosynthesis， fluorescence characteristics and activities of key enzymes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism of tobacco plants were studied. The results showed that all the indexes of tobacco plant applying rapeseed cake fertilizer were better than those applied chemical fertilizer in both seasons， and the physiological effects of tobacco plant treated with cake fertilizer in the current tobacco season were better than those in the rice season， and the physiological effect of tobacco plant treated with cake fertilizer in both tobacco and rice seasons was the best. Compared with T2， T3 and T1， the total chlorophyll content in T4 treatment increased by 15.0%， 26.6% and 45.3%， and the net photosynthetic rate in T4 treatment increased by 13.3%， 36.1% and 66.0%， respectively. The combined application of chemical and cake fertilizer in both tobacco and rice seasons could significantly increase the photosynthetic rate， promote the transformation of photosynthetic products and maintain the nitrogen metabolism level， ensure the smooth progress of various metabolic processes in tobacco plant at the late growth stage， and be more conducive to the normal mature of tobacco leaves in the field， improve tobacco curing characteristics， and promote the formation of high quality tobacco leaves， increase the income of tobacco farmers.

Key words: tobacco-rice rotation, organic fertilizer, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis, fluorescent characteristic

中图分类号:

S572

高静娟, 朱晨宇, 柯玉琴, 郑朝元, 李春英, 李文卿. 烟稻轮作条件下有机肥施用时期对烤烟碳氮代谢的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(9): 157-165.

Jingjuan GAO, Chenyu ZHU, Yuqin KE, Chaoyuan ZHENG, Chunying LI, Wenqing LI. Effects of Organic Fertilizer Application Period on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Flue-cured Tobacco Under Tobacco-Rice Rotation[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(9): 157-165.

图/表 9

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处理 Treatment		pH	有机质 Organic matter/%	总氮Total N/%	总磷 Total P/ （mg·g^-1）	总钾 Total K/%	水解性氮 Hydrolysable nitrogen/ （mg·kg^-1）	有效磷 Available phosphorus /（mg·kg^-1）	速效钾Available potassium/（mg·kg^-1）
基础土壤 Original soil-fertility		4.96	2.47	0.148	0.636	2.07	190.7	67.67	192.5
栽烟前土壤 Soil before planting tobacco	T1	4.76	2.53	0.140	0.683	2.12	128.3	68.96	101.8
	T2	4.79	2.51	0.138	0.639	2.07	116.5	66.32	115.8
	T3	4.71	2.50	0.137	0.627	2.01	115.8	56.83	111.8
	T4	4.75	2.40	0.134	0.684	2.03	126.2	48.26	109.5

处理 Treatment		pH	有机质 Organic matter/%	总氮Total N/%	总磷 Total P/ （mg·g^-1）	总钾 Total K/%	水解性氮 Hydrolysable nitrogen/ （mg·kg^-1）	有效磷 Available phosphorus /（mg·kg^-1）	速效钾Available potassium/（mg·kg^-1）
基础土壤 Original soil-fertility		4.96	2.47	0.148	0.636	2.07	190.7	67.67	192.5
栽烟前土壤 Soil before planting tobacco	T1	4.76	2.53	0.140	0.683	2.12	128.3	68.96	101.8
	T2	4.79	2.51	0.138	0.639	2.07	116.5	66.32	115.8
	T3	4.71	2.50	0.137	0.627	2.01	115.8	56.83	111.8
	T4	4.75	2.40	0.134	0.684	2.03	126.2	48.26	109.5

处理 Treatment	叶绿素a含量 Chlorophyll a /（mg·g^-1 FW）	叶绿素b含量 Chlorophyll b /（mg·g^-1 FW）	总叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll /（mg·g^-1 FW）	类胡萝卜素含量 Carotenoids /（mg·g^-1 FW）
T1	0.505±0.003 c	0.172±0.019 b	0.677±0.022 c	0.165±0.001 d
T2	0.664±0.026 b	0.193±0.012 ab	0.856±0.037 b	0.218±0.008 b
T3	0.601±0.013 b	0.176±0.005 b	0.777±0.018 b	0.191±0.006 c
T4	0.770±0.031 a	0.214±0.005 a	0.984±0.034 a	0.252±0.012 a

处理 Treatment	叶绿素a含量 Chlorophyll a /（mg·g^-1 FW）	叶绿素b含量 Chlorophyll b /（mg·g^-1 FW）	总叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll /（mg·g^-1 FW）	类胡萝卜素含量 Carotenoids /（mg·g^-1 FW）
T1	0.505±0.003 c	0.172±0.019 b	0.677±0.022 c	0.165±0.001 d
T2	0.664±0.026 b	0.193±0.012 ab	0.856±0.037 b	0.218±0.008 b
T3	0.601±0.013 b	0.176±0.005 b	0.777±0.018 b	0.191±0.006 c
T4	0.770±0.031 a	0.214±0.005 a	0.984±0.034 a	0.252±0.012 a

处理 Treatment	净光合速率 P_n / （µmol·m^-2·s^-1）	蒸腾速率T_r / （mmol·m^-2·s^-1）	气孔导度G_s / （mmol·m^-2·s^-1）	胞间二氧化碳浓度C_i /（µmol·mol^-1）
T1	11.97±0.52 d	2.19±0.14 b	162.33±3.53 c	228.33±3.53 a
T2	17.53±0.76 b	2.54±0.10 b	238.67±6.84 a	212.33±6.12 ab
T3	14.60±0.26 c	2.58±0.12 b	197.00±8.75 b	215.67±3.71 ab
T4	19.87±0.62 a	3.06±0.13 a	250.33±5.78 a	204.67±7.06 b

烟稻轮作条件下有机肥施用时期对烤烟碳氮代谢的影响

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Application Period on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Flue-cured Tobacco Under Tobacco-Rice Rotation

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Metrics

处理 Treatment	初始荧光 F_o	最大荧光 F_m	可变荧光 F_v	最大光化学效率F_v/F_m	PS Ⅱ潜在光化学效率F_v/F_o
T1	4 911±54 b	28 090±514 c	23 585±314 b	0.825±0.001 b	4.719±0.044 c
T2	4 958±128 b	32 764±501 b	24 916±613 ab	0.847±0.005 a	5.342±0.129 b
T3	5 258±103 a	33 932±1 085 ab	24 641±712 ab	0.852±0.005 a	5.763±0.115 a
T4	5 040±21 ab	35 809±585 a	25 426±309 a	0.851±0.008 a	5.774±0.087 a

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