生物炭和油菜幼苗对土壤重金属镉污染的钝化效应

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0321

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2024, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (6): 183-190.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0321

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

生物炭和油菜幼苗对土壤重金属镉污染的钝化效应

付彦博¹(), 冷冰冰²(), 扁青永³, 董志多⁴, 刘国宏⁵, 李海峰⁵, 温云梦⁵, 郭文博⁵, 张万旭⁶

^1.新疆农业科学院拜城农业试验站，新疆阿克苏 843000
^2.乌鲁木齐市环境监测中心站，乌鲁木齐 830091
^3.新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所，乌鲁木齐 830091
^4.新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院，乌鲁木齐 830052
^5.新疆农业科学院吐鲁番农业科学研究所，新疆吐鲁番 838099
^6.新疆生产建设兵团农业技术推广总站，乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2022-04-19 接受日期:2023-12-06 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2024-06-12
通讯作者: 冷冰冰
作者简介:付彦博E-mail：985954632@126.com；
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区油料产业技术体系拜城综合试验站项目;新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02008)

Passivation Effect of Biochar on Soil Cadmium Pollution and Rape Growth

Yanbo FU¹(), Bingbing LENG²(), Qingyong BIAN³, Zhiduo DONG⁴, Guohong LIU⁵, Haifeng LI⁵, Yunmeng WEN⁵, Wenbo GUO⁵, Wanxu ZHANG⁶

^1.Baicheng Agricultural Experimental Station，Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Xinjiang Aksu 843000，China
^2.Urumqi Environmental Monitoring Center Station，Urumqi 830091，China
^3.Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Saving，Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Urumqi 830091，China
^4.College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering，Xinjiang Agricultural University，Urumqi 830052，China
^5.Institute of Tulufan Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Xinjiang Turpan 838099，China
^6.General Station of Agricultural Technology Extension，Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops，Urumqi 830091，China

Received:2022-04-19 Accepted:2023-12-06 Online:2024-06-15 Published:2024-06-12
Contact: Bingbing LENG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨生物炭和油菜幼苗对南疆地区土壤重金属镉（Cd）污染的修复技术，以黄油菜、黑油菜和印度芥菜为供试材料，设置生物炭添加量的质量分数分别为0%（T0）、2%（T2）、4%（T4）、6%（T6）、8%（T8）共5个处理，分析不同处理的土壤理化性质和Cd形态、幼苗生物量和Cd在各部位富集转运，研究添加生物炭对Cd胁迫下油菜幼苗生长和Cd积累的影响。结果表明，随着生物炭添加量增加，土壤pH、有机质含量及油菜生物量（干重）均显著提升；同时活性较高的可交换态Cd的含量逐渐降低，不易被作物吸收的碳酸盐结合态Cd、铁锰氧化物结合态Cd、有机质及硫化物Cd含量逐渐上升；当土壤Cd含量一定时，Cd活性指数逐渐降低，T8处理的钝化效果最显著；生物炭有效降低油菜根部Cd的富集系数和地上部转运系数，8%的生物炭施用量效果最佳。在不同生物炭处理下，黄油菜土壤pH、有机质含量、油菜生物量及Cd的形态变化、根富集系数、地上部转运系数的响应效果最佳。总体来看，8%的生物炭施用量的钝化效果和油菜生长特性最佳，且黄油菜对生物炭处理的响应效果最好。通过添加生物炭，可有效缓解南疆地区重金属Cd对油菜幼苗生长的影响，结果为南疆地区油菜栽培提供技术理论支撑。

关键词: 生物炭, 油菜, 土壤重金属Cd, 钝化效果, 生长特性

Abstract:

In order to explore the remediation technology of biochar and rape seedlings for heavy metal cadmium （Cd） contamination of soil in the southern border area，the yellow rape， black rape and Indian mustard （Brassica juncea） were used as test materials， the mass fraction of biochar addition was set as 0% （T0）， 2% （T2）， 4% （T4）， 6% （T6） and 8% （T8）， respectively. The effects of biochar addition on the growth and Cd accumulation of rapeseed seedlings under cadmium （Cd） stress were elucidated by measuring and analyzing the soil physicochemical properties and Cd morphology， seedling biomass and enrichment transport of each site in different treatments. The results showed that the pH， organic matter content and oilseed rape biomass （dry weight） in the soil increased significantly with the increase of biochar addition； meanwhile， the content of the more active exchangeable Cd gradually decreased， and the content of carbonate-bound Cd， Fe-Mn oxide-bound Cd， organic matter and sulfide Cd， which were not easily absorbed by the crop， gradually increased.When the soil Cd content was certain， the Cd activity index decreased gradually， and the passivation effect of T8 treatment was the most significant. Biochar effectively reduced the root enrichment coefficient and above-ground transport coefficient of rapeseed， and the best effect was achieved with 8% biochar application. The best response effects of pH， organic matter content， rapeseed biomass， Cd morphology changes and root enrichment coefficient and above-ground transport coefficient in yellow rape soil were observed under different biochar treatments. Overall， the best passivation effect and growth characteristics of rapeseed were selected for 8% biochar application， and yellow rape showed the best response to biochar treatment. By adding biochar， the heavy metal Cd was effectively mitigated on the growth of rape seedlings in South Xinjiang region， which provided technical and theoretical support for oilseed rape cultivation in South Xinjiang region.

Key words: biochar, rape, soil heavy metal Cd, passivation effect, growth characteristics

中图分类号:

付彦博, 冷冰冰, 扁青永, 董志多, 刘国宏, 李海峰, 温云梦, 郭文博, 张万旭. 生物炭和油菜幼苗对土壤重金属镉污染的钝化效应[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(6): 183-190.

Yanbo FU, Bingbing LENG, Qingyong BIAN, Zhiduo DONG, Guohong LIU, Haifeng LI, Yunmeng WEN, Wenbo GUO, Wanxu ZHANG. Passivation Effect of Biochar on Soil Cadmium Pollution and Rape Growth[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(6): 183-190.

图/表 6

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处理 Treatment	可交换态镉 Exchangeable-Cd/（mg·kg^-1）	碳酸盐结合态镉 Carbonate junction-Cd/（mg·kg^-1）	铁锰氧化物结合态镉 Iron-manganese oxide binding state-Cd/（mg·kg^-1）	有机质及硫化物结合态镉Organic matter and sulfide bonded-Cd/（mg·kg^-1）	残渣态镉 Residual-Cd/（mg·kg^-1）	镉活性指数 Cd activity index
T0	2.42±0.06 a	1.43±0.02 d	0.54±0.01 b	0.23±0.01 c	1.23±0.03 a	0.70±0.01 a
T2	2.29±0.04 b	1.47±0.03 c	0.57±0.01 ab	0.25±0.01 b	1.25±0.05 a	0.65±0.02 ab
T4	2.28±0.03 b	1.47±0.01 c	0.59±0.02 a	0.27±0.01 ab	1.23±0.02 a	0.64±0.01 ab
T6	2.20±0.01 c	1.60±0.03 b	0.55±0.01 b	0.27±0.01 ab	1.24±0.02 a	0.60±0.01 b
T8	2.01±0.02 d	1.74±0.03 a	0.59±0.01 a	0.29±0.01 a	1.23±0.03 a	0.52±0.01 c

处理 Treatment	可交换态镉 Exchangeable-Cd/（mg·kg^-1）	碳酸盐结合态镉 Carbonate junction-Cd/（mg·kg^-1）	铁锰氧化物结合态镉 Iron-manganese oxide binding state-Cd/（mg·kg^-1）	有机质及硫化物结合态镉Organic matter and sulfide bonded-Cd/（mg·kg^-1）	残渣态镉 Residual-Cd/（mg·kg^-1）	镉活性指数 Cd activity index
T0	2.42±0.06 a	1.43±0.02 d	0.54±0.01 b	0.23±0.01 c	1.23±0.03 a	0.70±0.01 a
T2	2.29±0.04 b	1.47±0.03 c	0.57±0.01 ab	0.25±0.01 b	1.25±0.05 a	0.65±0.02 ab
T4	2.28±0.03 b	1.47±0.01 c	0.59±0.02 a	0.27±0.01 ab	1.23±0.02 a	0.64±0.01 ab
T6	2.20±0.01 c	1.60±0.03 b	0.55±0.01 b	0.27±0.01 ab	1.24±0.02 a	0.60±0.01 b
T8	2.01±0.02 d	1.74±0.03 a	0.59±0.01 a	0.29±0.01 a	1.23±0.03 a	0.52±0.01 c

处理 Treatment	黄油菜 Yellow rape		黑油菜 Black rape		印度芥菜 Indian mustard
处理 Treatment	鲜重 Fresh weight	干重 Dry weight	鲜重 Fresh weight	干重 Dry weight	鲜重 Fresh weight	干重 Dry weight
T0	20.71±0.38 d	18.44±0.10 c	20.22±0.23 d	18.22±0.30 d	20.28±1.36 c	18.16±1.02 b
T2	22.38±0.18 c	18.68±0.15 b	22.17±0.23 c	18.51±0.11 bc	20.47±0.50 b	18.18±0.66 ab
T4	23.70±0.63 b	18.77±0.05 b	23.44±0.53 b	18.28±0.06 c	20.54±0.09 b	18.22±0.11 ab
T6	24.73±0.25 a	18.89±0.03 ab	24.46±0.43 a	18.35±0.11 b	20.66±0.24 ab	18.27±0.46 ab
T8	24.77±0.06 a	18.95±0.24 a	24.48±0.17 a	18.49±0.03 a	20.73±0.07 a	18.34±0.06 a

处理 Treatment	黄油菜 Yellow rape		黑油菜 Black rape		印度芥菜 Indian mustard
处理 Treatment	鲜重 Fresh weight	干重 Dry weight	鲜重 Fresh weight	干重 Dry weight	鲜重 Fresh weight	干重 Dry weight
T0	20.71±0.38 d	18.44±0.10 c	20.22±0.23 d	18.22±0.30 d	20.28±1.36 c	18.16±1.02 b
T2	22.38±0.18 c	18.68±0.15 b	22.17±0.23 c	18.51±0.11 bc	20.47±0.50 b	18.18±0.66 ab
T4	23.70±0.63 b	18.77±0.05 b	23.44±0.53 b	18.28±0.06 c	20.54±0.09 b	18.22±0.11 ab
T6	24.73±0.25 a	18.89±0.03 ab	24.46±0.43 a	18.35±0.11 b	20.66±0.24 ab	18.27±0.46 ab
T8	24.77±0.06 a	18.95±0.24 a	24.48±0.17 a	18.49±0.03 a	20.73±0.07 a	18.34±0.06 a

品种 Variety	指标 Indicator	处理Treatment
品种 Variety	指标 Indicator	T0	T2	T4	T6	T8
黄油菜 Yellow rape	作物根部富集系数B_AT	0.673 a	0.615 b	0.604 bc	0.593 c	0.589 d
黄油菜 Yellow rape	茎叶根转运系数R_TF	0.121 a	0.114 b	0.107 bc	0.104 c	0.096 c
黑油菜 Black rape	作物根部富集系数B_AT	0.676 a	0.671 ab	0.665 b	0.622 bc	0.615 c
黑油菜 Black rape	茎叶根转运系数R_TF	0.123 a	0.109 b	0.099 c	0.101 b	0.076 d
印度芥菜 Indian mustard	作物根部富集系数B_AT	0.684 a	0.768 b	0.734 bc	0.637 c	0.611 d
印度芥菜 Indian mustard	茎叶根转运系数R_TF	0.136 a	0.126 b	0.119 bc	0.118 bc	0.107 c

生物炭和油菜幼苗对土壤重金属镉污染的钝化效应

Passivation Effect of Biochar on Soil Cadmium Pollution and Rape Growth

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