Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (3): 176-185.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0850
• BIO-MANUFACTURING & RESOURCE AND ECOLOGY • Previous Articles
Zhenjia HE(), Wangtao FAN, Yichun DU, Qilong WANG
Received:
2020-10-11
Accepted:
2021-01-30
Online:
2022-03-15
Published:
2022-03-14
作者简介:
何振嘉 Email:471128226@qq.com
基金资助:
CLC Number:
Zhenjia HE, Wangtao FAN, Yichun DU, Qilong WANG. Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Rice Soil and Yield Based on Soil Organic Reconstruction[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(3): 176-185.
何振嘉, 范王涛, 杜宜春, 王启龙. 基于土体有机重构的水肥耦合对土壤理化性质和水稻产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(3): 176-185.
土层 Soil layer/cm | 土壤粒径比例 Proportion soil particle size/% | pH | 电导率Conductivity/(μs·cm-1) | 有机质含量 Organic matter content/ (g·kg-1) | 全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/ (g·kg-1) | 有效磷含量Available phosphorus content/ (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾含量Available potassium content/ (mg·kg-1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(2~0.02] mm | (0.02~ 0.002] mm | <0.002 mm | |||||||
0—10 | 14.19 | 72.52 | 13.29 | 8.36±0.12 | 266.5±11.38 | 6.83±0.17 | 0.71±0.04 | 6.28±1.02 | 132.45±3.28 |
10—20 | 13.50 | 74.27 | 12.16 | 8.34±0.25 | 229.6±15.54 | 5.59±0.25 | 0.94±0.05 | 4.56±0.86 | 98.54±9.65 |
20—30 | 12.37 | 76.51 | 11.12 | 8.24±0.18 | 152.7±22.45 | 4.13±0.12 | 0.50±0.02 | 4.21±0.45 | 67.36±11.25 |
Table 1 Soil physical and chemical indicators in the test area
土层 Soil layer/cm | 土壤粒径比例 Proportion soil particle size/% | pH | 电导率Conductivity/(μs·cm-1) | 有机质含量 Organic matter content/ (g·kg-1) | 全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/ (g·kg-1) | 有效磷含量Available phosphorus content/ (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾含量Available potassium content/ (mg·kg-1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(2~0.02] mm | (0.02~ 0.002] mm | <0.002 mm | |||||||
0—10 | 14.19 | 72.52 | 13.29 | 8.36±0.12 | 266.5±11.38 | 6.83±0.17 | 0.71±0.04 | 6.28±1.02 | 132.45±3.28 |
10—20 | 13.50 | 74.27 | 12.16 | 8.34±0.25 | 229.6±15.54 | 5.59±0.25 | 0.94±0.05 | 4.56±0.86 | 98.54±9.65 |
20—30 | 12.37 | 76.51 | 11.12 | 8.24±0.18 | 152.7±22.45 | 4.13±0.12 | 0.50±0.02 | 4.21±0.45 | 67.36±11.25 |
处理Treatment | 返青期 Rejuvenation period | 分蘖期 Tillering stage | 拔节期 Jointing period | 抽穗期 Heading date | 成熟期 Maturity | 灌水总量 Irrigation amount | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | 1 200 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 300 | 300 | 450 | 450 | 4 500 |
W2 | 1 000 | 375 | 375 | 375 | 375 | 250 | 250 | 375 | 375 | 3 750 |
W3 | 800 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 200 | 200 | 300 | 300 | 3 000 |
Table 2 Amount of irrigation in different growth periods
处理Treatment | 返青期 Rejuvenation period | 分蘖期 Tillering stage | 拔节期 Jointing period | 抽穗期 Heading date | 成熟期 Maturity | 灌水总量 Irrigation amount | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | 1 200 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 300 | 300 | 450 | 450 | 4 500 |
W2 | 1 000 | 375 | 375 | 375 | 375 | 250 | 250 | 375 | 375 | 3 750 |
W3 | 800 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 200 | 200 | 300 | 300 | 3 000 |
处理 Treatment | 肥料类型Fertilizer type | 基肥 Base fertilizer | 分蘖期 Tillering stage | 抽穗期 Heading stage | 成熟期 Maturity stage | 施肥总量Fertilization amount |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | N | 15.0 | 35.4 | 14.4 | 7.2 | 72.0 |
P2O5 | 20.0 | 28.0 | 12.5 | — | 60.0 | |
K2O | 15.0 | — | 16.25 | — | 30.0 | |
F2 | N | 15.0 | 27.0 | 12.0 | 6.0 | 60.0 |
P2O5 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 10.0 | — | 50.0 | |
K2O | 15.0 | — | 10.0 | — | 25.0 | |
F3 | N | 15.0 | 18.6 | 9.6 | 4.8 | 48.0 |
P2O5 | 20.0 | 12.0 | 8.0 | — | 40.0 | |
K2O | 15.0 | — | 5.0 | — | 20.0 |
Table 3 Amount of fertilization in different growth stages
处理 Treatment | 肥料类型Fertilizer type | 基肥 Base fertilizer | 分蘖期 Tillering stage | 抽穗期 Heading stage | 成熟期 Maturity stage | 施肥总量Fertilization amount |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | N | 15.0 | 35.4 | 14.4 | 7.2 | 72.0 |
P2O5 | 20.0 | 28.0 | 12.5 | — | 60.0 | |
K2O | 15.0 | — | 16.25 | — | 30.0 | |
F2 | N | 15.0 | 27.0 | 12.0 | 6.0 | 60.0 |
P2O5 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 10.0 | — | 50.0 | |
K2O | 15.0 | — | 10.0 | — | 25.0 | |
F3 | N | 15.0 | 18.6 | 9.6 | 4.8 | 48.0 |
P2O5 | 20.0 | 12.0 | 8.0 | — | 40.0 | |
K2O | 15.0 | — | 5.0 | — | 20.0 |
处理 Treatment | pH | 电导率 Conductivity/ (μs·cm-1) | 总孔隙度 Total porosity/% | 大团聚体 Large aggregates/% | 水稳性团聚体 Water stable aggregates/% | 微团聚体Microaggregates/ % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1F1 | 8.1±0.2 a | 209±12.35 b | 48.47±3.23 ab | 92.38±2.74 b | 28.58±1.65 a | 3.47±0.07 b |
W1F2 | 8.1±0.2 a | 195±11.77 b | 48.54±3.14 ab | 91.19±2.67 c | 25.68±1.32 b | 3.35±0.11 bc |
W1F3 | 8.0±0.2 a | 244±13.33 a | 46.32±3.22 c | 91.22±2.32 c | 24.84±1.56 c | 3.23±0.08 c |
W2F1 | 7.8±0.1 a | 173±11.02 c | 48.16±3.14 ab | 92.42±2.17 b | 28.47±1.42 a | 3.52±0.13 ab |
W2F2 | 7.9±0.1 b | 178±12.87 c | 47.43±2.84 b | 93.54±2.44 a | 28.68±2.05 a | 3.43±0.13 b |
W2F3 | 8.2±0.1 a | 187±15.47 c | 46.78±2.58 c | 93.35±2.83 a | 26.87±1.76 ab | 3.30±0.11 c |
W3F1 | 8.0±0.1 a | 197±14.54 b | 49.77±3.32 a | 91.66±2.58 c | 28.84±1.83 a | 3.62±0.18 a |
W3F2 | 7.9±0.1 a | 200±14.57 b | 48.72±2.98 ab | 92.54±2.55 b | 24.18±1.69 c | 3.55±0.10 ab |
W3F3 | 8.0±0.1 a | 229±15.74 b | 47.68±3.09 b | 90.74±2.34 d | 23.78±1.56 c | 3.34±0.12 c |
灌水 Water | NS | ** | NS | NS | NS | * |
施肥 Fertilizer | * | * | * | * | * | ** |
Water×fertilizer | NS | * | NS | * | * | ** |
Table 4 Soil physical properties of organically reconstituted soil under coupling of water and fertilizer
处理 Treatment | pH | 电导率 Conductivity/ (μs·cm-1) | 总孔隙度 Total porosity/% | 大团聚体 Large aggregates/% | 水稳性团聚体 Water stable aggregates/% | 微团聚体Microaggregates/ % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1F1 | 8.1±0.2 a | 209±12.35 b | 48.47±3.23 ab | 92.38±2.74 b | 28.58±1.65 a | 3.47±0.07 b |
W1F2 | 8.1±0.2 a | 195±11.77 b | 48.54±3.14 ab | 91.19±2.67 c | 25.68±1.32 b | 3.35±0.11 bc |
W1F3 | 8.0±0.2 a | 244±13.33 a | 46.32±3.22 c | 91.22±2.32 c | 24.84±1.56 c | 3.23±0.08 c |
W2F1 | 7.8±0.1 a | 173±11.02 c | 48.16±3.14 ab | 92.42±2.17 b | 28.47±1.42 a | 3.52±0.13 ab |
W2F2 | 7.9±0.1 b | 178±12.87 c | 47.43±2.84 b | 93.54±2.44 a | 28.68±2.05 a | 3.43±0.13 b |
W2F3 | 8.2±0.1 a | 187±15.47 c | 46.78±2.58 c | 93.35±2.83 a | 26.87±1.76 ab | 3.30±0.11 c |
W3F1 | 8.0±0.1 a | 197±14.54 b | 49.77±3.32 a | 91.66±2.58 c | 28.84±1.83 a | 3.62±0.18 a |
W3F2 | 7.9±0.1 a | 200±14.57 b | 48.72±2.98 ab | 92.54±2.55 b | 24.18±1.69 c | 3.55±0.10 ab |
W3F3 | 8.0±0.1 a | 229±15.74 b | 47.68±3.09 b | 90.74±2.34 d | 23.78±1.56 c | 3.34±0.12 c |
灌水 Water | NS | ** | NS | NS | NS | * |
施肥 Fertilizer | * | * | * | * | * | ** |
Water×fertilizer | NS | * | NS | * | * | ** |
处理 Treatment | 有机质 Organic matter/ (g·kg-1) | NO (mg·kg-1) | NH (mg·kg-1) | 有效磷Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾Available potassium/ (mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1F1 | 9.15±1.42 d | 112.43±4.32 b | 31.21±2.46 b | 12.62±1.42 d | 123.42±8.42 c |
W1F2 | 8.74±1.03 d | 102.42±2.13 c | 32.32±2.17 b | 13.32±0.97 d | 125.27±6.67 c |
W1F3 | 12.85±1.18 b | 109.60±4.12 c | 21.76±2.11 c | 10.69±1.12 d | 120.17±8.87 c |
W2F1 | 14.42±1.13 a | 110.43±2.25 b | 40.73±2.54 a | 20.41±1.96 a | 143.32±8.38 a |
W2F2 | 14.35±1.26 a | 112.45±4.68 b | 37.32±2.87 a | 19.62±1.88 a | 145.64±9.21 a |
W2F3 | 12.73±1.17 b | 122.21±4.32 a | 32.42±2.43 b | 17.25±1.76 b | 138.78±9.32 b |
W3F1 | 10.66±0.97 c | 128.21±2.19 a | 29.53±2.26 b | 15.52±1.03 c | 132.42±7.87 b |
W3F2 | 11.98±1.22 c | 119.60±4.12 ab | 21.76±2.11 c | 14.69±1.12 c | 120.17±8.87 c |
W3F3 | 12.84±1.03 b | 129.01±1.65 a | 23.23±1.95 c | 14.62±0.89 c | 131.25±5.64 b |
灌水 Water | * | * | NS | * | * |
施肥 Fertilizer | * | NS | * | * | * |
Water×fertilizer | ** | NS | * | * | * |
Table 5 Soil nutrients of organically reconstituted soil under coupling of water and fertilizer
处理 Treatment | 有机质 Organic matter/ (g·kg-1) | NO (mg·kg-1) | NH (mg·kg-1) | 有效磷Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾Available potassium/ (mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1F1 | 9.15±1.42 d | 112.43±4.32 b | 31.21±2.46 b | 12.62±1.42 d | 123.42±8.42 c |
W1F2 | 8.74±1.03 d | 102.42±2.13 c | 32.32±2.17 b | 13.32±0.97 d | 125.27±6.67 c |
W1F3 | 12.85±1.18 b | 109.60±4.12 c | 21.76±2.11 c | 10.69±1.12 d | 120.17±8.87 c |
W2F1 | 14.42±1.13 a | 110.43±2.25 b | 40.73±2.54 a | 20.41±1.96 a | 143.32±8.38 a |
W2F2 | 14.35±1.26 a | 112.45±4.68 b | 37.32±2.87 a | 19.62±1.88 a | 145.64±9.21 a |
W2F3 | 12.73±1.17 b | 122.21±4.32 a | 32.42±2.43 b | 17.25±1.76 b | 138.78±9.32 b |
W3F1 | 10.66±0.97 c | 128.21±2.19 a | 29.53±2.26 b | 15.52±1.03 c | 132.42±7.87 b |
W3F2 | 11.98±1.22 c | 119.60±4.12 ab | 21.76±2.11 c | 14.69±1.12 c | 120.17±8.87 c |
W3F3 | 12.84±1.03 b | 129.01±1.65 a | 23.23±1.95 c | 14.62±0.89 c | 131.25±5.64 b |
灌水 Water | * | * | NS | * | * |
施肥 Fertilizer | * | NS | * | * | * |
Water×fertilizer | ** | NS | * | * | * |
处理Treatment | 株高 Plant height/cm | 分蘖数Number of tillers | 单穗穗粒数Number of grains per spike | 每平方米 穗数Ears per square meter | 百粒重 100 grain weight/g | 理论产量 Theoretical output /(kg·hm-2) | 实际产量 Actual production /(kg·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1F1 | 75.43±2.6 a | 18.64±1.5 a | 93±3.2 b | 336±13.7 b | 1.74±0.03 c | 5 440.5±155.23 b | 4 961.25±150.65 bc |
W1F2 | 74.22±3.6 ab | 17.53±1.3 ab | 96±2.8 ab | 312±14.8 c | 1.86±0.04 b | 5 573.25±152.25 b | 4 842.00±142.36 bc |
W1F3 | 70.26±2.8 c | 16.33±1.2 b | 97±2.6 ab | 311±14.5 b | 1.89±0.03 b | 5 703.75±142.36 ab | 5 118.75±135.74 b |
W2F1 | 75.18±3.1 a | 14.25±1.1 cd | 90±2.6 c | 308±13.3 d | 1.92±0.02 ab | 6 000.75±136.54 ab | 5 403.25±125.69 ab |
W2F2 | 73.28±3.3 ab | 15.25±1.1 c | 97±3.2 ab | 352±15.6 a | 2.03±0.05 a | 6 934.50±112.57 a | 5 688.00±125.58 a |
W2F3 | 72.31±2.5 b | 14.62±1.3 cd | 100±3.4 a | 322±13.5 c | 1.87±0.07 b | 6 023.25±136.54 ab | 5 258.25±134.41 ab |
W3F1 | 75.25±2.6 a | 15.23±1.4 c | 95±4.1 ab | 341±13.3 bc | 1.88±0.06 b | 6 093.00±147.25 ab | 5 138.25±129.08 b |
W3F2 | 74.23±2.1 ab | 14.12±1.3 cd | 98±3.4 ab | 316±13.8 d | 1.73±0.04 c | 5 359.50±118.69 c | 4 518.00±128.34 c |
W3F3 | 74.11±2.7 ab | 13.55±1.3 d | 94±2.7 ab | 323±13.4 c | 1.68±0.08 d | 5 103.00±126.54 c | 4 758.75±112.58 c |
灌水 Water | NS | * | NS | NS | * | * | * |
施肥 Fertilizer | * | NS | * | NS | * | * | * |
Water×fertilizer | * | NS | NS | NS | ** | ** | ** |
Table 6 Rice growth and yield in organically reconstituted soil under coupling of water and fertilizer
处理Treatment | 株高 Plant height/cm | 分蘖数Number of tillers | 单穗穗粒数Number of grains per spike | 每平方米 穗数Ears per square meter | 百粒重 100 grain weight/g | 理论产量 Theoretical output /(kg·hm-2) | 实际产量 Actual production /(kg·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1F1 | 75.43±2.6 a | 18.64±1.5 a | 93±3.2 b | 336±13.7 b | 1.74±0.03 c | 5 440.5±155.23 b | 4 961.25±150.65 bc |
W1F2 | 74.22±3.6 ab | 17.53±1.3 ab | 96±2.8 ab | 312±14.8 c | 1.86±0.04 b | 5 573.25±152.25 b | 4 842.00±142.36 bc |
W1F3 | 70.26±2.8 c | 16.33±1.2 b | 97±2.6 ab | 311±14.5 b | 1.89±0.03 b | 5 703.75±142.36 ab | 5 118.75±135.74 b |
W2F1 | 75.18±3.1 a | 14.25±1.1 cd | 90±2.6 c | 308±13.3 d | 1.92±0.02 ab | 6 000.75±136.54 ab | 5 403.25±125.69 ab |
W2F2 | 73.28±3.3 ab | 15.25±1.1 c | 97±3.2 ab | 352±15.6 a | 2.03±0.05 a | 6 934.50±112.57 a | 5 688.00±125.58 a |
W2F3 | 72.31±2.5 b | 14.62±1.3 cd | 100±3.4 a | 322±13.5 c | 1.87±0.07 b | 6 023.25±136.54 ab | 5 258.25±134.41 ab |
W3F1 | 75.25±2.6 a | 15.23±1.4 c | 95±4.1 ab | 341±13.3 bc | 1.88±0.06 b | 6 093.00±147.25 ab | 5 138.25±129.08 b |
W3F2 | 74.23±2.1 ab | 14.12±1.3 cd | 98±3.4 ab | 316±13.8 d | 1.73±0.04 c | 5 359.50±118.69 c | 4 518.00±128.34 c |
W3F3 | 74.11±2.7 ab | 13.55±1.3 d | 94±2.7 ab | 323±13.4 c | 1.68±0.08 d | 5 103.00±126.54 c | 4 758.75±112.58 c |
灌水 Water | NS | * | NS | NS | * | * | * |
施肥 Fertilizer | * | NS | * | NS | * | * | * |
Water×fertilizer | * | NS | NS | NS | ** | ** | ** |
处理 Treatments | 产量 Yield/(kg·hm-2) | 投入 Input/(yuan·hm-2) | 收益 Income/(yuan·hm-2) | 净收益 Net income/(yuan·hm-2) | 投入产出比Inputoutput ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1F1 | 4 961.25 bc | 16 649.70 a | 22 326.75 c | 5 677.05 d | 0.75 a |
W1F2 | 4 842.00 bc | 16 599.75 a | 21 789.00 c | 5 189.25 d | 0.76 a |
W1F3 | 5 118.75 b | 16 549.80 a | 23 034.38 bc | 6 484.58 c | 0.72 ab |
W2F1 | 5 403.25 ab | 16 049.70 a | 24 314.63 b | 8 264.93 ab | 0.66 b |
W2F2 | 5 688.00 a | 15 999.75 b | 25 506.00 a | 9 506.25 a | 0.63 c |
W2F3 | 5 258.25 b | 15 949.80 b | 23 662.13 bc | 7 712.33 b | 0.67 b |
W3F1 | 5 138.25 b | 15 449.70 b | 23 122.13 bc | 7 672.43 b | 0.67 b |
W3F2 | 4 518.00 c | 15 399.75 b | 20 331.00 c | 4 931.25 e | 0.76 a |
W3F3 | 4 758.75 c | 15 349.80 b | 21 414.38 c | 6 064.58 c | 0.72 ab |
灌水 Water | * | ** | * | * | * |
施肥 Fertilizer | * | ** | * | * | * |
Water×fertilizer | ** | ** | * | ** | ** |
Table 7 Rice economic benefits of organically reconstituted soil under the coupling of water and fertilizer
处理 Treatments | 产量 Yield/(kg·hm-2) | 投入 Input/(yuan·hm-2) | 收益 Income/(yuan·hm-2) | 净收益 Net income/(yuan·hm-2) | 投入产出比Inputoutput ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1F1 | 4 961.25 bc | 16 649.70 a | 22 326.75 c | 5 677.05 d | 0.75 a |
W1F2 | 4 842.00 bc | 16 599.75 a | 21 789.00 c | 5 189.25 d | 0.76 a |
W1F3 | 5 118.75 b | 16 549.80 a | 23 034.38 bc | 6 484.58 c | 0.72 ab |
W2F1 | 5 403.25 ab | 16 049.70 a | 24 314.63 b | 8 264.93 ab | 0.66 b |
W2F2 | 5 688.00 a | 15 999.75 b | 25 506.00 a | 9 506.25 a | 0.63 c |
W2F3 | 5 258.25 b | 15 949.80 b | 23 662.13 bc | 7 712.33 b | 0.67 b |
W3F1 | 5 138.25 b | 15 449.70 b | 23 122.13 bc | 7 672.43 b | 0.67 b |
W3F2 | 4 518.00 c | 15 399.75 b | 20 331.00 c | 4 931.25 e | 0.76 a |
W3F3 | 4 758.75 c | 15 349.80 b | 21 414.38 c | 6 064.58 c | 0.72 ab |
灌水 Water | * | ** | * | * | * |
施肥 Fertilizer | * | ** | * | * | * |
Water×fertilizer | ** | ** | * | ** | ** |
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