Loading...

Table of Content

    15 August 2006, Volume 8 Issue 4
    Progress in Genetic Engineering of Banana for |Fungal Disease Resistance
    PEI Xin-wu, JIA Shi-rong
    2006, 8(4):  1-7. 
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (411KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    Cultivation of banana and plantain is now threatened by many fungal diseases, of which the fungal disease, Panama wilt in particular, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense (race 4) is most serious that caused dramatic crop damage and economic loss. As almost all banana and plantain cultivars aare highly susceptible to race 4 of this pathogen and the chemical and cultural control measures are not efficient, the creation of new banana varietiesresistant to this disease is crucial. Cross breeding program is difficult to be conducted due to the predominantly asexual behavior of edible bananas, which are triploid and sterile. With the development and optimization of genetic transformation protocol in banana and the discovery of more genes resistant to pathogens, the genetic engineering of banana has paved a new way for its improvement.

    Potato Late Blight Control using R-gene Polyculture
    XU Jian-fei,XIN Cui-hua,HUANG San-wen
    2006, 8(4):  8-13. 
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (310KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    Abstract: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ) is the fourth most important crop in the world and one of the top seven important crops in china. Late blight is a devastating disease of potato caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, which was the reason of the Great Irish Famine in 1 845. Todaay, late blight remains the No. 1 threat to potato production. It is urgent to improve the late blight resistance of potato cuhivars. Potato breeding for late blight resistance was one of the earliest practices mankind used to combat plant pathogens by means of genetic improvement, but the disease has not been controlled by resistance breeding so far. Resistance genes (R genes) introgressed from wild species broke down quickly. The potato-P, infestanns pathosystem suits the gene-for-gene model, which states that resistance only occurs when the R genes in the host and the corresponding avirulence gene (Avr) are both present and expressed. P. infestans ranks highest in the evolutionary potential and it can easily mutate its Avr genes and thus overccome the only promising solution for late blight control is potato plants carrying corresponding R genes. So, to release several R genes simultaneously and to artificially create a resistance polymorphism in the field, a strategy so called R gene polyculture. Recently, scientists gained a great success in cloning R genes conferring late blight resistance, providing a basis to create R gene polycuhure by means of transgenic technology.

    Bacillus Thuringiensis Site-directed Mutagenesis Improves the |Development of Biological Insecticide and Transgenic Plants
    REN Yu, ZHANG Jie
    2006, 8(4):  14-18. 
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (285KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    genetic site-directed mutagenesis is an important way in studying the relation of proteinic formation and function. Mutants have the characters of improved toxicity and expanded specificity, and can be used to develop new biological insecticide and transgenic plants. In addition, Chimeric mutants can be expressed in plants and stave the resistance. Thirdly, the sites of regulons about the δ-endotoxins can be mutated in order to improve their expression in the plant system.

    Chromosomal Localization of Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene |PmAeY1 from Ae. tauschii Y219
    ZHANG Hai-quan|JIA Ji-zeng|ZHANG Bao-shi|ZHOU Rong-hua
    2006, 8(4):  19-22. 
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (216KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    Powdery mildew is one of the devastating diseases of wheat. The use of resistant cultivars is the most economical, effective and environmentally safe way to control this disease. Thirty-one genes resistant to powdery mildew have been found, but most of them have lost resistance function and application value. The Ae. tauschii contains plentiful resistance genes, which will enlarge the disease-resistance genetic foundation and improve resistance breeding.  Based on the populations derived from cross between Ae. tauschii Y219(resistant) and Y169( susceptible), F1 representatives are disease-resisttant and the ratio of resistance/susceptible was 3:1 in F2 generation. Using bulked segregant analysis (BAS), 200 SSR markers on wheat D gemone were screened. Xgwm484,WMC453,Xgwm515 and Xgwm157 on chromosome 2D were linked to powdery mildew resistance and the genetic distance were 30.4cM,23.4 cM,6.1cM and 5.5cM respectively. The new resistance gene was named PmAeyl.

    Variety Comparison Study on Burley Tobacco
    SHANG Zhi-qiang
    2006, 8(4):  23-27. 
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (176KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    In order to select good quality Burley tobacco varieties, which were appropriate for planting at Binchuan, the field comparison test of 6 induced varieties were conducted and their agricultural and economic characters, disease resistance were analyzed. The results showed: ①The plant height of TN90, KY908, K26 were higher than CK, and KY8959, KY907 were lower than CK. The leaf number of KY907 was lower than CK, and other varieties were higher than CK. Growth period of six varieties has different from 1 d -3 d, which were middle-late maturing variety. ②The resistance data indicated that the tobaccco angular leaf spot and tobacco hollow stalk were found on all varieties, the virus disease incidence of CK was highest, that of KY8959 was lowest among all tested material. Black shank disease of varieties were not found except KY907. ③The economic character analysis indicated that the yield of TN90,, KY8959, KY907 were higher than CK, and KY907 was the highest, and next was TN90 . The output value of KY8959 was the highest, and next was KY907, and the first-class tobacco propor- tion of TN90 was the highest. ④TN90 and KY8959 had better total characteristics so they were consider primarily to be ggood quality Burley tobacco varieties, which appropriated for planting at Binchuan.

    High Yield and Efficiency Planting Technology and Developing |Prospect of Supersweet Maize Hua Tian Yu No.1
    WAN Zheng-jie, ZHANG Chu-he,XU Shang-zhong
    2006, 8(4):  28-31. 
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (228KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    Supersweet Maize Hua Tian Yu No. 1 is bred by Huazhong Agriciltural University, which is a premature single-hybridized breed (Original code is HZ5008. According to the characteristic of Hua Tian Yu No. 1, the experiences of high yield and efficiency planting technology was summed up in the Spring and Autumn production of recent six years of Hubei, the production and market representation of Hua Tian Yu No. 1 was analyzed synthetically, and it is thought one of the best supersweet maize breeds in recent years and has good developing prospect.

    The Current Status and Progresses of the |Research on Direct Seeding Rice
    WU Wen-ge, CHEN Ye, QIAN Yin-fei|WANG Xiao-jun, WU Yi-mei
    2006, 8(4):  32-36. 
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (248KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    The current status and progresses of the research on direct-seeded rice in home and abroad were reviewed; the cultivation methods of direct seeding rice were introduced in the present paper, and the key techniques and development direction of Rice direct seeding in China were discussed.

    Pilot Study on Ecological Characteristic of Phytoplankton in Pacific Saury |(Cololabis saira) Fishing Ground in the North Pacific
    WU Yong-hui
    2006, 8(4):  37-39. 
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (147KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    The investigation fishing of Pacific saury ( Cololabis saira) resources was carried out in The North Pacific Ocean (150°E -158°56′E ,42°34′N -46°25′N)from July to September, 2004. Based on the sample analysis and identification of phytoplankton, we got seventeen phytoplankton species in alll, belonging to Bacillariophyta and Pyrrophyta, respectively. The biomass of phytoplankton was 8 - 1 320 mg/m^3, with average value 432.5 mg/m^3. Analysis showed temperature and salinity were main environmental factors that affect the species and distribution of phytoplankton in the investigation area.

    Strategies and Technologies of Biomass Energy Exploitation in China
    LIU Rong-zhang,ZENG Yu-rong, WENG Zhi-hui, WU Yue, WENG Bo-qi
    2006, 8(4):  40-45. 
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (350KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    Biomass energy is the important style of energy sources. It is a kind of clean and reproducible energy and have the big exploitation potential. Biomass energy will be the important trend of energy in the future. The characteristics and, the technology status and development of biomass energy were analyzed in this article. Then the suggestions and strategies of biomass resource exploitation in China were put forward.

    Recent Advances in Study on Application of 1-methylcyclopropene |for Storage and Preservation of Fruits
    GUAN Xia-yu,CHEN Qing-xi
    2006, 8(4):  46-49. 
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (224KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    As a new ethylene receptor inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene can inhibit ethylene production and respiration rate effectively in many fruits, and regulate the related gene's expression in fruit senescence. 1-MCP also could delay the senescence, improve the storage quality, promote the shelf life and affect the nourishment composition, flavors, hardness and physiology disorders in pos-tharvest fruits. This paper reviewed the effect of 1-MCP in the fruit preservation. The perfect application of 1-MCP was also predicted.

    Strengthening Technological Innovation Capacity |of Aagrictural Enterpreises
    CHEN Qi-rong, WENG Bo-qi,HUANG Hua-di
    2006, 8(4):  50-54. 
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (305KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    The article describes the status and problems of the technological innovation of Fujian agricultual enterprises, then analyzes their constraints such as the weak awareness of the scientific and technological innovation ; inadequate research system and mechanism ; lack of the investment to technological innovation, the technical talents and the intellectual property protection of technological innovation achievement. The article suggests that it should be strengthened development strategies and carrier establishing, talents training and using and inspiration policy system perfecting of enterprise technological innovation; enhancing the internationalization of enterprises technological innovation.

    Research and Utilization of Key Technology of Beer |Industrial Chain in Yunnan Province
    ZENG Ya-wen| PU Xiao-ying, HE Guo-qing|LEI De-zhi, HE Shu-lin, DU Juan|YANG
    2006, 8(4):  55-59. 
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (292KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    The article, it was expatiated that the key problems of beer industrial chain in China, research progress in the malting barley breeding and industrialization and key technologies of malt and beer making and the feature beer developing, and the significant benefits of key technologies were emphasized on beer industry in Yunnan Province.

    On the Mutual-mechanism Between Human Capital and Rural-economic |Development Based on the Theories of Economic Increasing Power
    YUE Zuo-hua, LI Lu-tang
    2006, 8(4):  60-66. 
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (375KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    Based on the relationship between economic increasing power and its developing phase, this paper analyses the characteristic of rural-economic development and gives an overall judgement of its developing phase, then analyzes the mutual-mechanism between human capital and other economic factors. Conclusion has been made that rural economy in our country has tradition and modem characteristics, the aggregation formed by human capital and other factors is fundamental power to rural-economic development.

    Development Course and Revelation of Production- |life-ecology Agriculture in Taiwan
    ZHENG Bai-long, WENG Bo-qi, ZHOU Qiong
    2006, 8(4):  67-71. 
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (281KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    The development course and achievement of Production-life-ecology Agriculture in Taiwan are discussed, the thinking to build rural area in Chinese mainland is put forward by the guidance of scientific development view and aim to the harmonic development of production, life and ecology.

    Idea of Resource Saving Agriculture and Construction |of Ecological Agricultural Legal System
    CHEN Yan-yan
    2006, 8(4):  72-74. 
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (176KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    It is very important for development of resource saving agriculture to improve Chinese Agriculture. Development of ecological agriculture accords withidea of resource saving agriculture. Construction of resource saving agriculture is theoretical foundation and provides ideology for development of ecological agriculture. Achievement of idea of resource saving agriculture depends on cultivation of resource saving legal attainment, establishment of ecological saving legislation mode, and fundamental rules of sustainable development during construction of agricultural legal system.

    Study on Long-term Mechanism of the Special Commissioners |System in Science and Technology
    DING Zhong-wen, LIU Yong-chang, LI Wei-wei
    2006, 8(4):  75-78. 
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (234KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    The system of special Sci-tech commissioners was established initially in Nanping City, Fujian Province, which was a special measure in the circumstances of incomplete construction of agricultural Sci-Tech system and the severe problems of agriculture-rural area-farmer. The system, which was temporary, compulsive and administrative, still has some problems in implementation process such as unclear orientation, inconsistent management, inadequate supportive measures and unsteady team. Aiming to establish the long-term system mechanism of special Sci-Tech commissioners, we must enlarge the policy and fund supports and gradually reduce the government involvement while highlight the market mechanism.