茶树根腐病菌生物学特征及室内药剂筛选

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0419

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

茶树根腐病常导致茶树整株枯死，极大地影响了茶产业的可持续发展。为明确茶树根腐病病原菌（Fusarium cugenangense）的生物学特性，筛选安全高效的杀菌剂，通过十字交叉法和血球计数法分别测定温度、pH、光照条件、碳源、氮源对其菌丝生长及产孢量的影响；利用菌丝生长速率法测定8种市售杀菌剂对菌丝生长的抑制作用，筛选并评估最佳抑菌药剂的室内毒力及其对菌丝生长及产孢量的影响。结果表明，Fusarium cugenangense菌丝在10~35 ℃、pH 5~12条件下均可生长，在15~35 ℃、pH 5~12条件下均可产孢。其中菌丝生长最适温度为25 ℃、产孢最适温度为30 ℃，菌丝生长最适pH为8、产孢最适pH为9，菌落生长的最适碳源为淀粉、产孢最适碳源为蔗糖，菌落生长和孢子产生的最适氮源均为蛋白胨，且光照能抑制菌丝生长及产孢量。此外，菌丝生长抑制率表明，噁霉灵的抑菌率最高，为80.97%，其有效抑制中浓度（EC₅₀）为0.109 g·L^-1，而氯溴异氰尿酸、氟菌·霜霉威抑菌率较低，分别为16.79%和9.71%。综上，温度、pH、光照条件、碳源、氮源等外界条件均能影响Fusarium cugenangense的生物学特性。此外，噁霉灵对Fusarium cugenangense具有较好的室内毒力。以上研究结果为有效控制茶树根腐病及其蔓延提供了理论依据。

关键词: 茶树, 根腐病, 生物学特性, 药剂筛选

Abstract:

Root rot disease of tea plants often leads to the death of the entire plant， significantly impacting the sustainable development of the tea industry. To elucidate the biological characteristics of Fusarium cugenangense and to screen for safe and effective fungicides， the effects of temperature， pH， light conditions， carbon sources and nitrogen sources on mycelial growth and sporulation were determined using a crossover method and a hemocytometer counting method. The inhibitory effects of 8 commercially available fungicides on the mycelial growth of the pathogen were assessed using the mycelial growth rate method. The indoor toxicity of thiophanate-methyl and its effects on mycelial growth and sporulation at different dosages were also evaluated. The results indicated that the mycelium of Fusarium cugenangense could grow at 10~35 ℃ and pH 5~12， while spore could occur at 15~35 ℃ and pH 5~12. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth of the Fusarium cugenangense was 25 ℃， and the optimal temperature for sporulation was 30 ℃. The optimal pH for mycelial growth was 8， and for sporulation was 9. Starch was identified as the optimal carbon source for mycelial growth， while sucrose was the optimal carbon source for sporulation. Peptone was found to be the optimal nitrogen source for both mycelial growth and sporulation， and light inhibited both mycelial growth and sporulation. Additionally， the inhibition rate of mycelial growth showed that Hymexazol had the highest inhibition rate of 80.97%， with an EC₅₀ of 0.109 g·L^-1. In contrast， Chloroisobromine cyanuric acid and Fluomycetes Downomycetes exhibited lower inhibition rates of 16.79% and 9.71%， respectively. In conclusion， the external conditions such as temperature， pH， light conditions， carbon source and nitrogen source could influence the biological characteristics of Fusarium cugenangense. Furthermore， Hymexazol exhibited good indoor toxicity against Fusarium cugenangense. Above results provided a theoretical basis for effectively controlling tea root rot disease and its spread.

Key words: tea trees, root rot disease, biological characteristics, fungicides screen

中图分类号:

S435.711

杨艺帅, 谭琳, 牛丽, 舒坪, 史子涵, 方洁, 胡秋龙. 茶树根腐病菌生物学特征及室内药剂筛选[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(7): 133-141.

Yishuai YANG, Lin TAN, Li NIU, Ping SHU, Zihan SHI, Jie FANG, Qiulong HU. Biological Characteristics and Fungicides Screening in Laboratory of Fusarium cugenangense Causing Camellia sinensis Root Rot[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(7): 133-141.

图/表 7

图1 不同温度下茶树根腐病病原菌菌丝的生长和产孢注：不同小写字母表示不同温度间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 1 Mycelial growth and sporulation of Fusarium cugenangense under different temperatureNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different temperatures at P<0.05 level.

图2 不同pH下茶树根腐病病原菌菌丝的生长和产孢注：不同小写字母表示不同pH处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 Mycelial growth and sporulation of Fusarium cugenangense under different pH treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different pH treatments at P<0.05 level.

图3 不同光照条件下茶树根腐病病原菌菌丝的生长和产孢注：不同小写字母表示不同光照条件间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 3 Mycelial growth and sporulation of Fusarium cugenangense under different light conditionsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different light conditions at P<0.05 level.

图4 不同碳源下茶树根腐病病原菌菌丝的生长和产孢注：不同小写字母表示不同碳源间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 4 Mycelial growth and sporulation of Fusarium cugenangense under different carbon sourcesNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different carbon sources at P<0.05 level.

图5 不同氮源下茶树根腐病病原菌菌丝的生长和产孢注：不同小写字母表示不同氮源间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 5 Mycelial growth and sporulation of Fusarium cugenangense under different nitrogen resourcesNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different nitrogen sources at P<0.05 level.

表1 供试药剂的抑菌率

Table 1 Inhibition rates of test agents

药剂名称Agent name	菌落直径Colony diameter/cm	抑菌率Inhibition rate/%
噁霉灵Hymexazol	1.30±0.00 e	80.97 a
氟氯氰菊酯Cyfluthrin	3.00±0.20 d	56.08 b
甲霜·噁霉灵Metalaxyl·hymexazol	3.25±0.18 cd	52.42 bc
精甲·咯·嘧菌Metalaxyl-M·fludioxonil·azoxystrobin	3.50±0.10 cd	48.76 bc
多菌灵Sanmate	4.53±0.25 c	33.63 c
宁南霉Ningnanmycin	5.37±0.21 bc	21.43 cd
氯溴异氰尿酸Chloroisobromine cyanuric acid	5.68±0.49 abc	16.79 cd
氟菌·霜霉威Fluomycetes downomycetes	6.17±0.15 ab	9.71 d
对照Control	6.83±0.15 a	—

表2 不同剂量噁霉灵、氟氯氰菊酯处理下的抑菌率

Table 2 Inhibition rate of oxamethrin and cyfluthrin at different dosages

药剂名称 Agents name	剂量 Dosage/（g·L^-1）	菌落直径 Colony diameter/cm	抑菌率 Inhibition rate/%	产孢数 Sporulation count/（cell·mL^-1）	毒力回归方程 Virulence regression equation	EC₅₀/ （g·L^-1）
噁霉灵 Hymexazol	0.1	3.45±0.15	49.12	2.75×10⁷	y=0.855x+0.889	0.109
	0.2	2.88±0.09	57.52	2.23×10⁷
	0.3	2.23±0.06	67.11	1.87×10⁷
	0.4	2.13±0.09	68.58	1.26×10⁷
	0.5	1.89±0.08	72.12	5.12×10⁶
氟氯氰菊酯 Cyfluthrin	0.1	4.54±0.15	33.04	7.84×10⁷	y=0.659x+0.227	0.452
	0.2	3.94±0.27	41.89	6.85×10⁷
	0.3	3.76±0.14	44.54	5.29×10⁷
	0.4	3.54±0.25	47.79	4.99×10⁷
	0.5	3.26±0.09	51.92	3.54×10⁷
对照组Control	—	6.78±0.08	—	1.23×10⁸	—	—

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