近20年黄淮冬麦区南片小麦种质性状演变及其育种价值评价

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0817

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (11): 28-41.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0817

近20年黄淮冬麦区南片小麦种质性状演变及其育种价值评价

张会芳¹(), 张建红², 刘海礁¹, 孙岩³, 齐红志¹, 王楠¹, 段俊枝¹, 郭燕¹(), 尹海燕³

^1.河南省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所, 郑州 450002
^2.培黎职业学院, 甘肃张掖 734100
^3.河南省农业科学院, 郑州 450002

收稿日期:2022-09-25 接受日期:2022-12-05 出版日期:2023-11-15 发布日期:2023-11-20
通讯作者: 郭燕
作者简介:张会芳 E-mail：hfzh2005@126.com；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41601213);2021年度河南省重点研发与推广专项(212400410282);河南省农业科学院杰出青年科技基金项目(2021JQ02);河南省农业科学院自主创新专项基金项目(2021ZC57)

Evolution of Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） Germplasm Traits and Evaluation of Breeding Value in Southern Huang-Huai Winter Wheat Region in Recent 20 Years

Huifang ZHANG¹(), Jianhong ZHANG², Haijiao LIU¹, Yan SUN³, Hongzhi QI¹, Nan WANG¹, Junzhi DUAN¹, Yan GUO¹(), Haiyan YIN³

^1.Institute of Agricultural Economy and Information, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
^2.Bailie Vocational College, Gansu Zhangye 734100, China
^3.Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China

Received:2022-09-25 Accepted:2022-12-05 Online:2023-11-15 Published:2023-11-20
Contact: Yan GUO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究黄淮冬麦区南片小麦种质性状演变，以黄淮冬麦区南片近20年育成的小麦品种为材料，通过Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（ $H ′$ ）及变异系数分析、性状无量纲化后拟合趋势线、主成分分析、综合得分（ $D ′$ 值）评价、回归模型构建等方法，从新视角探究黄淮冬麦区南片近20年小麦性状及其遗传多样性演变规律，筛选可用于黄淮冬麦区南片小麦品种评价的指标以及表现优异的种质。结果表明，2003—2022年黄淮冬麦区南片共育成443个小麦品种，按育成品种数量可分为3个阶段：基本稳定阶段（2003—2017年）、明显抬升后短暂高企阶段（2018—2019年）、井喷式爆发阶段（2020年至今）。黄淮冬麦区南片近20年小麦育成品种的株高随年份呈缓慢下降趋势；吸水率维持不变；穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、产量、基本苗、容重、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、稳定时间呈上升趋势，其中千粒重、产量、基本苗、容重、湿面筋含量上升势头相对较强，产量的增加主要来自于千粒重的提高。优质专用麦（强筋、中强筋、弱筋）占比近些年不断攀升，主要得益于中强筋小麦占比的提升，强筋小麦占比未有明显提升，这主要受限于吸水率和稳定时间。农艺性状和品质性状的离散程度及其演变趋势差异较大，但其遗传多样性均随年份在不断提升，遗传稳定性进一步提高。回归模型结果表明，可将穗数、产量、容重、蛋白质含量、吸水率5个性状作为黄淮冬麦区南片小麦综合表现的评价指标。443个品种中，‘稷麦336’‘安科1801’‘济麦44’‘谷神麦19’‘华伟305’表现优异，综合评价得分较高，在强筋小麦的选育中可作为优异种质资源加以利用。未来应继续加强优质专用小麦新品种尤其是弱筋小麦的选育与引种，加强种质资源的保护利用。

关键词: 黄淮冬麦区南片, 小麦, 种质, 性状演变, 主成分分析, 综合评价

Abstract:

To study the evolution of wheat traits and genetic diversity in southern Huang-Huai winter wheat region， the wheat varieties in the recent 20 years in southern Huang-Huai winter wheat region were as materials. The evolution of wheat traits and genetic diversity were explored from a new perspective by using Shannon-Wiener diversity index （ $H'$ ） and coefficient of variation analysis， fitting trend line after dimensionless traits， principal component analysis， comprehensive score （D′ value） evaluation， regression model construction and other methods. The indexes used for the evaluation of wheat varieties in southern Huang-Huai winter wheat region and the germplasm with excellent performance were screened. The results showed that a total of 443 wheat varieties were bred in southern Huang-Huai winter wheat region from 2003 to 2022， and it could be divided into 3 stages based on the number of bred varieties： basic stable stage （from 2003 to 2017）， temporary high stage after obvious uplift （from 2018 to 2019）， and blowout eruption stage （from 2020 to present ）. In recent 20 years， plant height of wheat in southern Huang-Huai winter wheat region decreased slowly with time-going； water absorption remained unchanged； spike number， grain number per spike， 1 000-grain weight， yield， basic seedlings， test weight， protein content， wet gluten content and stability time showed upward trend， among which 1 000-grain weight， yield， basic seedlings， test weight and wet gluten content had relatively strong upward trend. The increase of yield was mainly due to the increase of 1 000-grain weight. The proportion of high-quality special wheat （strong gluten wheat， medium strong gluten wheat， weak gluten wheat） increased in recent years， mainly due to the increase in the proportion of medium strong gluten wheat. The proportion of strong gluten wheat has not increased significantly， which was mainly limited by water absorption and stability time. The dispersion degree and evolution trend of agronomic traits and quality traits were quite different， but their genetic diversity was constantly improving with the year，and genetic stability should be further strengthened. The results of regression model construction showed that 5 traits could be used as the evaluation indexes of the comprehensive performance of wheat in southern Huanghuai winter wheat region， including spike number， yield， test weight， protein content and water absorption. Among 443 varieties， ‘Jimai 336’‘Anke 1801’‘Jimai 44’‘Gushenmai 19’ and ‘Huawei 305’， which had higher $D ′$ ， performed well and could be used as excellent germplasm resources in the breeding of strong gluten wheat. In the future， the breeders should strengthen breeding new varieties with high-quality special wheat， especially weak gluten wheat， and enhance the protection and utilization of germplasm resources.

Key words: southern Huang-Huai winter wheat region, wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, germplasm, trait evolution, principal component analysis, comprehensive evaluation

中图分类号:

S512.1

张会芳, 张建红, 刘海礁, 孙岩, 齐红志, 王楠, 段俊枝, 郭燕, 尹海燕. 近20年黄淮冬麦区南片小麦种质性状演变及其育种价值评价[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(11): 28-41.

Huifang ZHANG, Jianhong ZHANG, Haijiao LIU, Yan SUN, Hongzhi QI, Nan WANG, Junzhi DUAN, Yan GUO, Haiyan YIN. Evolution of Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） Germplasm Traits and Evaluation of Breeding Value in Southern Huang-Huai Winter Wheat Region in Recent 20 Years[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(11): 28-41.

图/表 10

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年份 Year	强筋小麦 Strong gluten wheat		中强筋小麦 Medium strong gluten wheat		中筋小麦 Medium gluten wheat		弱筋小麦 Weak gluten wheat		优质专用麦 High-quality special wheat
年份 Year	数量Number	占比 Proportion/%	数量Number	占比 Proportion/%	数量Number	占比 Proportion/%	数量Number	占比 Proportion/%	数量Number	占比 Proportion /%
数量合计/ 占比平均 Total number/average portion	31	7.0	72	16.3	339	76.5	1	0.2	104	23.5
2003	0	0.0	1	12.5	7	87.5	0	0.0	1	12.5
2004	0	0.0	3	42.9	3	42.9	1	14.3	4	57.1
2005	2	14.3	1	7.1	11	78.6	0	0.0	3	21.4
2006	0	0.0	1	9.1	10	90.9	0	0.0	1	9.1
2007	1	11.1	1	11.1	7	77.8	0	0.0	2	22.2
2008	0	0.0	0	0.0	4	100.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
2009	0	0.0	1	10.0	9	90.0	0	0.0	1	10.0
2010	1	20.0	0	0.0	4	80.0	0	0.0	1	20.0
2011	0	0.0	1	16.7	5	83.3	0	0.0	1	16.7
2012	1	20.0	0	0.0	4	80.0	0	0.0	1	20.0
2013	0	0.0	0	0.0	11	100.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
2014	0	0.0	0	0.0	9	100.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
2016	0	0.0	2	20.0	8	80.0	0	0.0	2	20.0
2017	1	7.7	1	7.7	11	84.6	0	0.0	2	15.4
2018	4	11.1	3	8.3	29	80.6	0	0.0	7	19.4
2019	0	0.0	5	14.7	29	85.3	0	0.0	5	14.7
2020	5	7.8	11	17.2	48	75.0	0	0.0	16	25.0
2021	8	9.5	16	19.0	60	71.4	0	0.0	24	28.6
2022	8	7.8	25	24.3	70	68.0	0	0.0	33	32.0

年份 Year	强筋小麦 Strong gluten wheat		中强筋小麦 Medium strong gluten wheat		中筋小麦 Medium gluten wheat		弱筋小麦 Weak gluten wheat		优质专用麦 High-quality special wheat
年份 Year	数量Number	占比 Proportion/%	数量Number	占比 Proportion/%	数量Number	占比 Proportion/%	数量Number	占比 Proportion/%	数量Number	占比 Proportion /%
数量合计/ 占比平均 Total number/average portion	31	7.0	72	16.3	339	76.5	1	0.2	104	23.5
2003	0	0.0	1	12.5	7	87.5	0	0.0	1	12.5
2004	0	0.0	3	42.9	3	42.9	1	14.3	4	57.1
2005	2	14.3	1	7.1	11	78.6	0	0.0	3	21.4
2006	0	0.0	1	9.1	10	90.9	0	0.0	1	9.1
2007	1	11.1	1	11.1	7	77.8	0	0.0	2	22.2
2008	0	0.0	0	0.0	4	100.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
2009	0	0.0	1	10.0	9	90.0	0	0.0	1	10.0
2010	1	20.0	0	0.0	4	80.0	0	0.0	1	20.0
2011	0	0.0	1	16.7	5	83.3	0	0.0	1	16.7
2012	1	20.0	0	0.0	4	80.0	0	0.0	1	20.0
2013	0	0.0	0	0.0	11	100.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
2014	0	0.0	0	0.0	9	100.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
2016	0	0.0	2	20.0	8	80.0	0	0.0	2	20.0
2017	1	7.7	1	7.7	11	84.6	0	0.0	2	15.4
2018	4	11.1	3	8.3	29	80.6	0	0.0	7	19.4
2019	0	0.0	5	14.7	29	85.3	0	0.0	5	14.7
2020	5	7.8	11	17.2	48	75.0	0	0.0	16	25.0
2021	8	9.5	16	19.0	60	71.4	0	0.0	24	28.6
2022	8	7.8	25	24.3	70	68.0	0	0.0	33	32.0

项目 Item	性状 Trait	第1主成分 PC1	第2主成分 PC2	第3主成分 PC3	第4主成分 PC4	第5主成分 PC5	第6主成分 PC6	第7主成分 PC7
特征向量 Eigenvector	株高Plant height	0.30	0.30	0.09	0.07	0.12	-0.10	-0.27
	穗数Spike number	0.33	0.03	-0.32	0.32	-0.11	-0.19	0.07
	穗粒数Grain number per spike	-0.01	-0.05	0.35	0.38	0.62	0.00	-0.41
	千粒重1 000-grain weight	-0.05	0.28	-0.46	0.03	0.06	0.54	-0.07
	产量Yield	0.17	0.24	-0.55	0.16	0.17	0.02	-0.15
	基本苗Basic seedlings	-0.09	-0.17	0.18	0.49	-0.23	0.50	0.32
	容重Test weight	0.26	0.22	0.18	-0.49	0.08	0.29	0.11
	蛋白质含量Protein content	0.25	0.21	0.10	0.19	-0.49	-0.39	-0.05
	湿面筋含量Wet gluten content	0.24	0.40	0.30	-0.22	-0.05	0.15	0.03
	吸水率Water absorption	0.25	0.13	0.27	0.30	-0.28	0.33	-0.27
	稳定时间Stability time	0.40	-0.34	-0.06	-0.06	0.01	0.10	0.10
特征值Eigenvalue		3.95	2.25	1.64	1.40	1.08	0.98	0.71
贡献率Contribution rate/%		28.22	16.09	11.73	9.99	7.69	7.01	5.07
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate/%		28.22	44.32	56.05	66.04	73.73	80.75	85.81
权重Index weight		0.32	0.18	0.13	0.11	0.09	0.08	0.06

项目 Item	性状 Trait	第1主成分 PC1	第2主成分 PC2	第3主成分 PC3	第4主成分 PC4	第5主成分 PC5	第6主成分 PC6	第7主成分 PC7
特征向量 Eigenvector	株高Plant height	0.30	0.30	0.09	0.07	0.12	-0.10	-0.27
	穗数Spike number	0.33	0.03	-0.32	0.32	-0.11	-0.19	0.07
	穗粒数Grain number per spike	-0.01	-0.05	0.35	0.38	0.62	0.00	-0.41
	千粒重1 000-grain weight	-0.05	0.28	-0.46	0.03	0.06	0.54	-0.07
	产量Yield	0.17	0.24	-0.55	0.16	0.17	0.02	-0.15
	基本苗Basic seedlings	-0.09	-0.17	0.18	0.49	-0.23	0.50	0.32
	容重Test weight	0.26	0.22	0.18	-0.49	0.08	0.29	0.11
	蛋白质含量Protein content	0.25	0.21	0.10	0.19	-0.49	-0.39	-0.05
	湿面筋含量Wet gluten content	0.24	0.40	0.30	-0.22	-0.05	0.15	0.03
	吸水率Water absorption	0.25	0.13	0.27	0.30	-0.28	0.33	-0.27
	稳定时间Stability time	0.40	-0.34	-0.06	-0.06	0.01	0.10	0.10
特征值Eigenvalue		3.95	2.25	1.64	1.40	1.08	0.98	0.71
贡献率Contribution rate/%		28.22	16.09	11.73	9.99	7.69	7.01	5.07
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate/%		28.22	44.32	56.05	66.04	73.73	80.75	85.81
权重Index weight		0.32	0.18	0.13	0.11	0.09	0.08	0.06

品种名称 Variety name	品质分类 Quality classification	得分 Score	排名 Ranking	品种名称 Variety name	品质分类 Quality classification	得分 Score	排名 Ranking
稷麦336 Jimai 336	强筋 Strong gluten wheat	0.738	1	华伟306 Huawei 306	强筋 Strong gluten wheat	0.674	22
安科1801 Anke 1801	中强筋 Medium-strong gluten wheat	0.738	2	瑞华麦502 Ruihuamai 502	中强筋 Medium-strong gluten wheat	0.674	23
济麦44 Jimai 44	强筋 Strong gluten wheat	0.731	3	安科1803 Anke 1803	中强筋 Medium-strong gluten wheat	0.674	24
谷神麦19 Gushenmai 19	强筋 Strong gluten wheat	0.730	4	皖宿1510 Wansu 1510	中筋 Medium gluten wheat	0.673	25
华伟305 Huawei 305	强筋 Strong gluten wheat	0.721	5	科大1026 Keda 1026	强筋 Strong gluten wheat	0.672	26
西农20 Xinong 20	强筋 Strong gluten wheat	0.711	6	皖宿0313 Wansu 0313	中筋 Medium gluten wheat	0.671	27
新麦45 Xinmai 45	强筋 Strong gluten wheat	0.704	7	华垦麦7号 Huakenmai 7	中强筋 Medium-strong gluten wheat	0.671	28
金诚麦19号 Jinchengmai 19	强筋 Strong gluten wheat	0.702	8	中麦578 Zhongmai 578	强筋 Strong gluten wheat	0.670	29
山农41号 Shannong 41	中筋 Medium gluten wheat	0.696	9	淮麦45 Huaimai 45	中强筋 Medium-strong gluten wheat	0.670	30
新世纪878 Xinshiji 878	中强筋 Medium-strong gluten wheat	0.691	10	山农116 Shannong 116	中强筋 Medium-strong gluten wheat	0.670	31
新麦38 Xinmai 38	强筋 Strong gluten wheat	0.690	11	西农364 Xinong 364	强筋 Strong gluten wheat	0.669	32
安科157 Anke 157	中强筋 Medium strong gluten wheat	0.689	12	中研麦688 Zhongyanmai 688	中筋 Medium gluten wheat	0.669	33
郑品优9号 Zhengpinyou 9	强筋 Strong gluten wheat	0.683	13	墩麦88 Dunmai 88	中强筋 Medium-strong gluten wheat	0.668	34
德宏福麦11 Dehongfumai 11	强筋 Strong gluten wheat	0.683	14	濮麦053 Pumai 053	中筋 Medium gluten wheat	0.667	35
宛1204 Wan 1204	中筋 Medium gluten wheat	0.682	15	华成865 Huacheng 865	中强筋 Medium-strong gluten wheat	0.667	36
商道29 Shangdao 29	中强筋 Medium-strong gluten wheat	0.681	16	徐麦44 Xumai 44	中强筋 Medium-strong gluten wheat	0.666	37
安科1701 Anke 1701	强筋 Strong gluten wheat	0.679	17	新麦26 Xinmai 26	强筋 Strong gluten wheat	0.664	38
富麦118 Fumai 118	中强筋 Medium-strong gluten wheat	0.678	18	漯麦40 Luomai 40	中强筋 Medium-strong gluten wheat	0.664	39
郑麦1835 Zhengmai 1835	强筋 Strong gluten wheat	0.677	19	徽研1722 Huiyan 1722	强筋 Strong gluten wheat	0.664	40
新世纪169 Xinshiji 169	中筋 Medium gluten wheat	0.677	20	涡麦1211 Womai 1211	中筋 Medium gluten wheat	0.663	41
囤麦257 Tunmai 257	中强筋 Medium-strong gluten wheat	0.675	21	航宇19 Hangyu 19	强筋 Strong gluten wheat	0.663	42

近20年黄淮冬麦区南片小麦种质性状演变及其育种价值评价

Evolution of Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） Germplasm Traits and Evaluation of Breeding Value in Southern Huang-Huai Winter Wheat Region in Recent 20 Years

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Metrics

品种名称 Variety name	品质分类 Quality classification	得分 Score	排名 Ranking	品种名称 Variety name	品质分类 Quality classification	得分 Score	排名 Ranking
漯麦49 Luomai 49	中筋 Medium gluten wheat	0.663	43	万丰269 Wanfeng 269	中强筋 Medium-strong gluten wheat	0.662	47
皖垦麦1702 Wankenmai 1702	中筋 Medium gluten wheat	0.663	44	安科1602 Anke 1602	强筋 Strong gluten wheat	0.662	48
国禾麦3号 Guohemai 3	中筋 Medium gluten wheat	0.663	45	农麦168 Nongmai 168	中筋 Medium gluten wheat	0.661	49
国鑫麦188 Guoxinmai 188	中筋 Medium gluten wheat	0.663	46	西农172 Xinong 172	强筋 Strong gluten wheat	0.660	50

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