中国农业科技导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (9): 166-177.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0148
邵社刚1(), 李婷2(
), 柳勇2, 林兰稳2, 张东1, 倪栋1, 李俊杰2, 朱立安2(
)
收稿日期:
2022-03-01
接受日期:
2022-04-17
出版日期:
2023-09-15
发布日期:
2023-09-28
通讯作者:
朱立安
作者简介:
邵社刚 E-mail: sg.shao@rioh.cn基金资助:
Shegang SHAO1(), Ting LI2(
), Yong LIU2, Lanwen LIN2, Dong ZHANG1, Dong NI1, Junjie LI2, Li’an ZHU2(
)
Received:
2022-03-01
Accepted:
2022-04-17
Online:
2023-09-15
Published:
2023-09-28
Contact:
Li’an ZHU
摘要:
为探究促腐菌剂对秸秆腐解理化性质及微生物群落结构变化的影响,以水稻秸秆为原料,设置添加促腐菌剂处理(JF)和未添加对照(CK),测定分析其理化指标和微生物群落结构变化特征。结果表明,添加促腐菌剂对堆体腐解率、pH、有机碳、全氮和碳氮比(C/N)无显著影响,但堆体全磷含量较CK显著增加8.4%,碳磷比(C/P)显著降低9.1%。门水平上,优势细菌群落为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria),优势真菌群落为担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和未确认真菌门(Unclassified fungi)。JF处理的细菌Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria丰度分别在第0~8、8~28天大于CK,真菌Basidiomycota、Ascomycota、Unclassified fungi分别在堆体升温期、冷却期和成熟期依次演替,丰度均大于CK。属水平上,优势细菌群落为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、假黄单胞菌属(Pseudoxanthomonas)、大肠杆菌-志贺氏菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)、克罗诺杆菌属(Cronobacter)、纤维弧菌属(Cellvibrio)、类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus);优势真菌群落为拟鬼伞属(Coprinopsis)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、节担菌属(Wallemia)、黑果菌属(Melanocarpus)、嗜热真菌属(Thermomyces)。JF处理的细菌Escherichia-Shigella和Cronobacter丰度在升温期分别较CK高0.3%~4.5%和1.3%~3.1%;真菌Wallemia丰度较CK高3.9%~4.5%,且Melanocarpus、Thermomyces丰度在第8天分别较CK高39.2%、39.1%。典型对应分析表明,全氮、有效磷分别是影响细菌、真菌群落最重要的环境指标。综上所述,外源促腐菌剂通过提高水稻秸秆部分成熟度指标、增加部分功能微生物群落丰度而影响其腐解,为提高水稻秸秆还田利用率提供理论和科学依据。
中图分类号:
邵社刚, 李婷, 柳勇, 林兰稳, 张东, 倪栋, 李俊杰, 朱立安. 外源菌剂对稻秆腐解及微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(9): 166-177.
Shegang SHAO, Ting LI, Yong LIU, Lanwen LIN, Dong ZHANG, Dong NI, Junjie LI, Li’an ZHU. Effects of Exogenous Promoting Bacteria Agent on Decomposition Characteristics and Microbial Community Structure of Rice Straw[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(9): 166-177.
图2 腐解过程中腐解率和pH变化注:不同英文字母表示相同处理不同腐解时间内差异在P<0.05水平显著,不同希腊字母表示相同腐解时间不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。
Fig. 2 Changes of decomposition rate and pH during the decomposing processNote: Different English letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level among different decomposing times under same treatment, different Greek letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level among different treatments under same decomposing time.
时间 Time/d | 处理 Treatment | 有机碳 Total organic C /% | 全氮 Total N /% | 全磷 Total P/% | 碳氮比 C/N | 碳磷比 C/P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | CK | 39.8±0.2 aα | 1.55±0.04 cα | 0.33±0.00 cα | 25.6±0.0 aα | 120.5±0.5 aα |
JF | 41.1±0.5 aα | 1.64±0.01 bcα | 0.34±0.01 dα | 25.0±0.2 aα | 120.4±1.1 aα | |
3 | CK | 40.1±0.6 aα | 1.63±0.02 cα | 0.34±0.01 cβ | 24.7±0.6 aα | 118.4±4.3 abα |
JF | 39.1±0.3 bα | 1.55±0.05 cα | 0.39±0.01 cα | 25.2±1.0 aα | 100.5±2.6 bβ | |
8 | CK | 39.6±0.3 aα | 2.19±0.01 bα | 0.44±0.00 bα | 18.1±0.2 bα | 89.1±0.6 bβ |
JF | 38.4±0.2 bcβ | 2.15±0.07 abα | 0.41±0.00 cβ | 18.0±0.7 bα | 94.1±1.3 bα | |
14 | CK | 36.5±0.3 bα | 2.29±0.03 bα | 0.46±0.02 bβ | 16.0±0.3 cα | 79.7±0.8 cα |
JF | 37.2±0.1 cα | 2.30±0.01 aα | 0.59±0.01 bα | 16.2±0.1 bα | 62.9±1.1 cβ | |
28 | CK | 34.4±0.2 cα | 2.42±0.02 aα | 0.59±0.01 aβ | 14.2±0.1 cα | 58.2±0.9 dα |
JF | 33.9±0.2 dα | 2.44±0.02 aα | 0.64±0.01 aα | 13.9±0.1 cα | 52.9±1.3 dβ |
表1 腐解过程中有机碳、全氮、全磷、碳氮比和碳磷比的变化
Table 1 Changes of total organic C, total N, total P, C/N and C/P during the decomposing process
时间 Time/d | 处理 Treatment | 有机碳 Total organic C /% | 全氮 Total N /% | 全磷 Total P/% | 碳氮比 C/N | 碳磷比 C/P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | CK | 39.8±0.2 aα | 1.55±0.04 cα | 0.33±0.00 cα | 25.6±0.0 aα | 120.5±0.5 aα |
JF | 41.1±0.5 aα | 1.64±0.01 bcα | 0.34±0.01 dα | 25.0±0.2 aα | 120.4±1.1 aα | |
3 | CK | 40.1±0.6 aα | 1.63±0.02 cα | 0.34±0.01 cβ | 24.7±0.6 aα | 118.4±4.3 abα |
JF | 39.1±0.3 bα | 1.55±0.05 cα | 0.39±0.01 cα | 25.2±1.0 aα | 100.5±2.6 bβ | |
8 | CK | 39.6±0.3 aα | 2.19±0.01 bα | 0.44±0.00 bα | 18.1±0.2 bα | 89.1±0.6 bβ |
JF | 38.4±0.2 bcβ | 2.15±0.07 abα | 0.41±0.00 cβ | 18.0±0.7 bα | 94.1±1.3 bα | |
14 | CK | 36.5±0.3 bα | 2.29±0.03 bα | 0.46±0.02 bβ | 16.0±0.3 cα | 79.7±0.8 cα |
JF | 37.2±0.1 cα | 2.30±0.01 aα | 0.59±0.01 bα | 16.2±0.1 bα | 62.9±1.1 cβ | |
28 | CK | 34.4±0.2 cα | 2.42±0.02 aα | 0.59±0.01 aβ | 14.2±0.1 cα | 58.2±0.9 dα |
JF | 33.9±0.2 dα | 2.44±0.02 aα | 0.64±0.01 aα | 13.9±0.1 cα | 52.9±1.3 dβ |
时间 Time/d | 处理 Treatment | 硝态氮 NO | 铵态氮 NH | 有效磷 Olsen-P/(mg·kg-1) | 特征紫外吸光度 SUVA254 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | CK | 19.9±1.8 bα | 164.0±3.6 cα | 150.8±1.9 aα | 2.87±0.06 bβ |
JF | 16.0±0.5 cβ | 94.8±4.1 cβ | 148.5±1.1 aα | 3.15±0.05 bα | |
3 | CK | 19.9±1.8 bα | 4 669.4±70.0 aα | 120.7±1.9 bα | 1.87±0.04 dβ |
JF | 17.9±0.9 cα | 4 708.4±213.0 aα | 113.3±2.2 bα | 2.20±0.05 dα | |
8 | CK | 32.3±4.9 aα | 795.2±40.8 bβ | 85.0±2.2 cα | 2.61±0.04 cα |
JF | 24.8±1.6 aα | 975.2±19.8 bα | 86.4±1.3 cα | 2.20±0.00 dβ | |
14 | CK | 19.3±4.1 bα | 39.5±6.2 dβ | 31.7±0.6 dβ | 2.65±0.02 cα |
JF | 18.7±0.8 bcα | 98.1±3.2 cα | 34.5±0.3 dα | 2.72±0.06 cα | |
28 | CK | 31.9±4.1 aα | 43.6±1.5 dβ | 25.8±0.9 dα | 3.36±0.08 aα |
JF | 22.1±2.6 abβ | 87.3±8.8 cα | 26.2±0.2 dα | 3.45±0.00 aα |
表2 腐解过程中硝态氮、铵态氮、有效磷和特征紫外吸光度的变化
Table 2 Changes of NO3--N, NH4+-N, Olsen-Pand SUVA254 during the decomposing process
时间 Time/d | 处理 Treatment | 硝态氮 NO | 铵态氮 NH | 有效磷 Olsen-P/(mg·kg-1) | 特征紫外吸光度 SUVA254 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | CK | 19.9±1.8 bα | 164.0±3.6 cα | 150.8±1.9 aα | 2.87±0.06 bβ |
JF | 16.0±0.5 cβ | 94.8±4.1 cβ | 148.5±1.1 aα | 3.15±0.05 bα | |
3 | CK | 19.9±1.8 bα | 4 669.4±70.0 aα | 120.7±1.9 bα | 1.87±0.04 dβ |
JF | 17.9±0.9 cα | 4 708.4±213.0 aα | 113.3±2.2 bα | 2.20±0.05 dα | |
8 | CK | 32.3±4.9 aα | 795.2±40.8 bβ | 85.0±2.2 cα | 2.61±0.04 cα |
JF | 24.8±1.6 aα | 975.2±19.8 bα | 86.4±1.3 cα | 2.20±0.00 dβ | |
14 | CK | 19.3±4.1 bα | 39.5±6.2 dβ | 31.7±0.6 dβ | 2.65±0.02 cα |
JF | 18.7±0.8 bcα | 98.1±3.2 cα | 34.5±0.3 dα | 2.72±0.06 cα | |
28 | CK | 31.9±4.1 aα | 43.6±1.5 dβ | 25.8±0.9 dα | 3.36±0.08 aα |
JF | 22.1±2.6 abβ | 87.3±8.8 cα | 26.2±0.2 dα | 3.45±0.00 aα |
时间 Time/d | 处理 Treatment | Chao1指数Chao1 index | Shannon指数Shannon index | 覆盖率Coverage/% | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
细菌Bacterium | 真菌Fungus | 细菌Bacterium | 真菌Fungus | 细菌Bacterium | 真菌Fungus | ||
0 | CK | 752.7±3.9 cα | 149.0±3.3 bβ | 5.63±0.10 bcα | 2.65±0.29 abα | 99.7±0.0 | 99.9±0.0 |
JF | 774.9±18.2 cα | 189.1±13.1 abα | 5.50±0.06 cα | 3.00±0.06 abα | 99.7±0.0 | 99.9±0.0 | |
3 | CK | 1 585.6±42.0 aα | 192.7±15.6 aα | 6.89±0.13 aα | 4.15±0.18 aα | 99.2±0.0 | 99.9±0.0 |
JF | 1 676.9±28.4 aα | 236.7±18.8 aα | 6.79±0.05 aα | 4.15±0.15 aα | 99.1±0.0 | 99.9±0.0 | |
8 | CK | 1 632.9±52.7 aα | 195.2±5.4 aα | 5.51±0.05 cα | 3.62±0.55 abα | 99.1±0.0 | 99.9±0.0 |
JF | 1 218.6±28.1 bβ | 112.0±27.5 bcα | 5.36±0.10 cα | 1.96±0.78 bα | 99.4±0.0 | 100.0±0.0 | |
14 | CK | 1 103.6±13.5 bα | 49.6±5.1 dα | 6.06±0.14 bα | 0.06±0.01 cα | 99.5±0.0 | 100.0±0.0 |
JF | 1 111.5±53.0 bα | 44.9±9.7 cα | 5.98±0.03 bα | 0.21±0.18 cα | 99.4±0.0 | 100.0±0.0 | |
28 | CK | 1 266.7±38.2 bα | 100.7±3.4 cα | 6.61±0.03 aα | 2.26±0.32 bα | 99.4±0.0 | 99.9±0.0 |
JF | 1 183.3±12.7 bα | 103.4±4.1 cα | 6.17±0.11 bβ | 2.42±0.04 bα | 99.5±0.0 | 99.9±0.0 |
表3 腐解过程中细菌、真菌群落丰富度与多样性的变化
Table 3 Changes of bacterial and fungal community diversity and richness indices during the decomposing process
时间 Time/d | 处理 Treatment | Chao1指数Chao1 index | Shannon指数Shannon index | 覆盖率Coverage/% | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
细菌Bacterium | 真菌Fungus | 细菌Bacterium | 真菌Fungus | 细菌Bacterium | 真菌Fungus | ||
0 | CK | 752.7±3.9 cα | 149.0±3.3 bβ | 5.63±0.10 bcα | 2.65±0.29 abα | 99.7±0.0 | 99.9±0.0 |
JF | 774.9±18.2 cα | 189.1±13.1 abα | 5.50±0.06 cα | 3.00±0.06 abα | 99.7±0.0 | 99.9±0.0 | |
3 | CK | 1 585.6±42.0 aα | 192.7±15.6 aα | 6.89±0.13 aα | 4.15±0.18 aα | 99.2±0.0 | 99.9±0.0 |
JF | 1 676.9±28.4 aα | 236.7±18.8 aα | 6.79±0.05 aα | 4.15±0.15 aα | 99.1±0.0 | 99.9±0.0 | |
8 | CK | 1 632.9±52.7 aα | 195.2±5.4 aα | 5.51±0.05 cα | 3.62±0.55 abα | 99.1±0.0 | 99.9±0.0 |
JF | 1 218.6±28.1 bβ | 112.0±27.5 bcα | 5.36±0.10 cα | 1.96±0.78 bα | 99.4±0.0 | 100.0±0.0 | |
14 | CK | 1 103.6±13.5 bα | 49.6±5.1 dα | 6.06±0.14 bα | 0.06±0.01 cα | 99.5±0.0 | 100.0±0.0 |
JF | 1 111.5±53.0 bα | 44.9±9.7 cα | 5.98±0.03 bα | 0.21±0.18 cα | 99.4±0.0 | 100.0±0.0 | |
28 | CK | 1 266.7±38.2 bα | 100.7±3.4 cα | 6.61±0.03 aα | 2.26±0.32 bα | 99.4±0.0 | 99.9±0.0 |
JF | 1 183.3±12.7 bα | 103.4±4.1 cα | 6.17±0.11 bβ | 2.42±0.04 bα | 99.5±0.0 | 99.9±0.0 |
图3 细菌、真菌群落在门和属分类水平的分布特征变化A:门分类水平上细菌群落变化特征;B:属分类水平上细菌群落变化特征;C:门分类水平上真菌群落变化特征;D:属分类水平上真菌群落变化特征
Fig. 3 Analysis of distribution characteristics of bacterial and fungal communities at phylum and genus levelA: Distribution characteristics of bacterial communities at phylum level; B: Distribution characteristics of bacterial communities at genus level; C: Distribution characteristics of fungal communities at phylum level; D: Distribution characteristics of fungal communities at genus level
图4 属水平上微生物群落结构与理化性质的CCA分析注:d0、d3、d8、d14、d28分别表示腐解的第0、3、8、14、28天。 A—铵态氮; TP—总磷; TN—总氮; P—有效磷; S—SUVA254; T—温度; TOC—有机碳; C/N—C/N比; C/P—C/P比; X—硝态氮。Non.—野野村菌属; Act.—马杜拉放线菌属; Par.—副杆菌属; Bac.—芽孢杆菌属; Pae.—类芽孢杆菌属; The.—耐热芽孢杆菌属; Pus.—极小单胞菌属; Cel.—纤维弧菌属; Cro.—克罗诺杆菌属; Ent.—肠杆菌属; E-S—埃希氏-志贺氏菌属; Kle.—克雷伯氏菌属; Lut.—藤黄单胞菌属; Pse.—假黄单胞菌属; DSSF69—DSSF69。Cla.—分子孢子菌属; Asp.—曲霉属; Xer.—耐干霉菌属; The.—嗜热真菌属; Lec.—蜡蚧菌属; Sim.—Simplicillium; Sar.—帚枝霉属; Sce.—丝孢菌属; Mel.—黑果菌属; Ova.—Ovatospora; Rem.—Remersonia; Cop.—拟鬼伞属; Mal.—马拉色霉菌属; Dio.—Dioszegia; Wal.—节担菌属。
Fig. 4 Analysis of RDA of microbial community structure and physical and chemical properties at genus levelNote: d0, d3, d8, d14, d28 indicate the 0, 8th, 14th, 20th and 28th day of the composting process. A—NH4+-N; TP—Total phosphorus; TN—Total nitrogen; P—Olsen-P; S—SUVA254; T—Temperature; TOC—Total organic C; C/N—C/N ratio; C/P—C/P ratio; X—NH3--N. Non.—Nonomuraea; Act.—Actinomadura; Par.—Parapedobacter; Bac.—Bacillus; Pae.—Paenibacillus; The.—Thermobacillus; Pus.—Pusillimonas; Cel.—Cellvibrio; Cro.—Cronobacter; Ent.—Enterobacter; E-S—Escherichia-Shigella; Kle.—Klebsiella; Lut.—Luteimonas; Pse.—Pseudoxanthomonas. Cla.—Cladosporium; Asp.—Aspergillus; Xer.—Xeromyces; The.—Thermomyces; Lec.—Lecanicillium; Sim.—Simplicillium; Sar.—Sarocladium; Sce.—Scedosporium; Mel.—Melanocarpus; Ova.—Ovatospora; Rem.—Remersonia; Cop.—Coprinopsis; Mal.—Malassezia; Dio.—Dioszegia; Wal.—Wallemia.
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