玉米矮秆突变体20F421的表型鉴定及遗传分析

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

矮秆资源是农作物矮化育种的物质基础，发掘矮秆基因资源对培育矮秆新品种具有重要作用。为了明确²⁵²CF裂变快中子辐射诱变玉米自交系KWS49筛选得到的矮秆突变体20F421的遗传特性和矮化机理，以20F421为材料分别与玉米自交系PH6WC、B73、Mo17及KWS49杂交构建F₁和F₂分离群体，分析矮秆性状的遗传模式，并以（20F421/B73）F₂为定位群体，采用混池转录组测序（bulked segregant RNA-seq，BSR-seq）方法初步定位突变基因。结果表明，与KWS49相比，20F421的植株高度为95.2 cm，降低47.89%；穗位高度为23.9 cm，降低64.54%；茎秆节间长度显著缩短、叶片较直立密生，自交结实良好。遗传分析表明，F₂分离群体野生型（高秆）与突变型（矮秆）植株性状分离比例符合3∶1，表明该突变体受单个核隐性基因控制；BSR-seq结果将突变基因定位在1号染色体177~255 Mb之间。通过与B73参考基因组进行比对发现，该区间内含有矮秆基因Br2，将20F421与br2突变体杂交进行等位性检测，F₁和F₂的株高均没有发生性状分离，表现为突变体20F421和br2表型，推测20F421的矮秆突变基因为矮秆基因Br2的等位突变。研究结果为进一步精细定位、克隆突变基因奠定基础，也为解析玉米矮化机理和培育矮秆玉米新品种提供重要基因资源和理论支撑。

关键词: 玉米, 矮杆, 突变体, 表型鉴定, 遗传分析

Abstract:

Dwarf stem resources are the material basis for crop dwarf breeding， exploring dwarf stem gene resources is of great significance in breeding for dwarf crop cultivars. With the aim to clarifing the genetic characteristics and dwarf mechanism of a dwarf mutant 20F421 which was identified from radiation mutagenesis mutations using ²⁵²CF fission fast neutrons using an elite maize inbred line KWS49， the dwarf stalk mutant 20F421 was as material to construct F₁ and F₂ isolated populations by hybridizing with maize inbred lines PH6WC， B73， Mo17 and KWS49， respectively， and analyzed the inheritance pattern of dwarf stalk traits， and used （20F421/B73） F₂ as the localization population， and transcriptome sequencing combined with bulked segregant RNA-seq （BSR-seq） methods were used for initial mapping of mutant genes. The results showed that compared with KWS49， the plant height of 20F421 was 95.2 cm which reduced by 47.89%， the ear height was 23.9 cm which reduced by 64.54%， the internodes were significantly shortened， the leaves were more erect and dense， and the self-inbreeding was good. Genetic analysis showed that the separation rate of wild type （high stem） and mutant （dwarf stem） plant traits in the F₂ isolated population conformed to the 3∶1， indicating that the mutant was controlled by a single nuclear recessive gene. The BSR-seq results map the mutant gene between chromosome 177~255 Mb. By comparing with the B73 reference genome， it was found that the interval contained the dwarf stalk gene Br2， so the allele detection of 20F421 and br2 mutant hybridization were detected， and the plant height of F₁ and F₂ did not have trait separation， showing the phenotypes of 20F421 and br2 mutant， and it was speculated that the dwarf stalk mutant gene in 20F421 was an allele mutation of the dwarf stalk gene Br2. The results of this study would lay a foundation for further fine localization and cloning of mutant genes， and also provide important genetic resources and theoretical support for the analysis of maize dwarf mechanism and the breeding of new dwarf maize varieties.

Key words: maize, dwarf, mutants, phenotypic identification, genetic analysis

中图分类号:

S513

刘忠祥, 周文期, 李永生, 王晓娟, 杨彦忠, 连晓荣, 何海军, 周玉乾. 玉米矮秆突变体20F421的表型鉴定及遗传分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(6): 22-29.

Zhongxiang LIU, Wenqi ZHOU, Yongsheng LI, Xiaojuan WANG, Yanzhong YANG, Xiaorong LIAN, Haijun HE, Yuqian ZHOU. Phenotypic Identification and Genetic Analysis of a Dwarf Mutant 20F421 inMaize[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(6): 22-29.

图/表 5

图1 玉米矮秆突变体20F421田间表型性状A：成株期表型；B：茎节表型；C：果穗；D：籽粒；E：株高；F：穗位高；G：茎节长度。 ***表示与20F421相比差异在P<0.001水平显著，ns表示差异不显著

Fig. 1 Phenotypes of dwarf mutant 20F421 in maizeA： Phenotypesat adult stage； B： Internode phenotypes at adult stage； C： Ear phenotypes； D： Grain； E： Plant height； F： Ear height； G： Internode length. *** indicates significant difference compared with 20F421 at P<0.001 level， ns indicates no significant difference

表1 矮秆突变体20F421和野生型KWS49的农艺性状

Table 1 Agronomic traits of dwarf mutant 20F421 and wild type KWS49

	突变体20F421 Mutant20F421	野生型KWS49 Wild type KWS49	P值 P value	样本容量 Sample size（20F421/KWS49）
株高Plant height/cm	95.2±4.3	182.7±11.0	2.600 142×10^-8	21/20
穗位Ear height/cm	23.9±1.9	67.4±7.5	4.371 427×10^-10	21/20
穗长Ear length/cm	12.3±0.7	14.5±1.4	0.055 606	21/20
穗粗Ear diameter/cm	3.7±0.2	3.9±0.2	0.849 836	21/20
穗行数 Row number per ear	13.6±1.0	14.3±1.0	1.000 000	21/20
行粒数 Kernels per row	19.3±2.8	30.1±12.1	0.005 992	21/20
秃尖长Rare ear length/cm	1.4±0.6	1.2±0.4	0.122 239	21/20
雄穗长 Tassel length/cm	27.0±2.3	32.2±2.4	0.037 186	21/20
雄穗分枝数 Number of tassel branches	4.0±1.9	4.9±1.9	0.302 534	21/20
叶片数 Number of leaves	13.5±0.6	13.5±0.7	0.343 959	21/20
倒3叶长Length of the third leaf/cm	42.0±6.5	48.1±3.7	0.257 108	21/20
倒3叶宽 Width of the third leaf/cm	6.4±0.5	6.7±0.7	0.979 684	21/20

表2 F2分离群体中的目标性状分离和卡方测验

Table 2 Segregation analysis and Chi?square test of F2 segregating plants

群体 Population	观察值Observed values		期望值Expected values		卡方 χ²
群体 Population	野生型Wild type	突变体Mutant	野生型Wild type	突变体Mutant	卡方 χ²
（PH6WC×20F421） F₂	85	36	90.75	30.25	1.215
（B73×20F421） F₂	357	104	345.75	115.25	1.337
（M_O17×20F421） F₂	328	107	326.25	108.75	0.019
（KWS49×20F421） F₂	56	25	60.75	20.25	1.189

图2 玉米矮秆突变体20F421基因初步定位注：蓝色线表示2个混池SNP-index的差值；红色线表示99%置信区间；黄色线表示95%置信区间。

Fig. 2 Initial mapping of a dwarf mutant 20F421 in maizeNote：The blue line indicates the difference of SNP-index between two mixed pools； the red line represents 99% confidence interval； the yellow line indicates 95% confidence interval.

图3 玉米矮秆突变体20F421与br2的等位检测A： KWS49、20F421、（20F421×br2）F1、br2成株期表型；B： KWS49、20F421、（20F421×br2）F1、br2茎节长度表型；C： KWS49、20F421、（20F421×br2） F1、br2茎节数表型；D：（20F421×br2） F1田间表型；E：（20F421×br2） F2田间表型

Fig. 3 Allelic detection of a dwarf mutant 20F421 and br2 in maizeA： Phenotypes of KWS49，20F421，（20F421×br2） F1 and br2 at adult stage； B：Internode length of KWS49， 20F421，（20F421×br2）F1and br2； C： Internode phenotypes of KWS49， 20F421，（20F421×br2） F1and br2； D： Phenotypes of（20F421×br2） F1 in the field； E：Phenotypes of （20F421×br2） F2 in the field

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