Abstract:

In order to study the effect of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the main chemical components in flue-cured tobacco leaves， and explore the specific effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the content of main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves under different influencing factors， 169 domestic relevant papers were retrieved and integrated using ‘flue-cured tobacco’ ‘organic fertilizer’‘quality’ and ‘chemical composition’ as key words， and 631 sets of main data were extracted to establish a database. The log response ratio was selected as the effect size for the meta-analysis. The results showed that， compared with the single application of inorganic fertilizer， the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer significantly increased the reducing sugar content and sugar-nicotine ratio in tobacco leaves， and significantly reduced the nicotine content， with specific increases of 5.5%， 9.3% and -5.6%， respectively， and slightly improved the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco aroma quality， aroma content， aftertaste， offensive gases， irritation and fineness （4.5%， 5.2%， 2.5%， 1.5%， 1.8% and 3.4%）. The application of organic and inorganic fertilizer to the soil in the northern tobacco area had more obvious effects on increasing the reducing sugar content and sugar-nicotine ratio， reducing the nicotine content in flue-cured tobacco leaves （18.06%， 25.86%， -5.26%）. And the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers had more obvious effect in poor soils， for example， when the available nitrogen content of soil was less than 100 mg·kg^-1， the effect of applying organic and inorganic fertilizer on increasing the reducing sugar content and sugar-nicotine ratio and reducing the nicotine content in flue-cured tobacco leaves was more obvious （6.82%， 14.11%， -9.43%）. When the planting density of flue-cured tobacco was 15 000~17 000 plants·hm^-2， the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers had better effect on increasing the contents of reducing sugar， potassium ions and sugar-nicotine in tobacco leaves and reducing the content of nicotine （9.53%， 9.42%， 18.06%， -7.04%）. When the proportion of organic nitrogen was about 50%， the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer had the great effect on reducing nicotine content， increasing potassium ions， reducing sugar content and sugar-nicotine ratio in tobacco leaves （-8.80%，11.50%，8.90%，13.80%）. In summary， the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers had a great influence on the reducing sugar， potassium ion， nicotine and sugar-nicotine ratio in flue-cured tobacco， and could coordinate the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco by affecting the content of chemical components in tobacco leaves. When the tobacco-growing area was in the northern， or when the soil effective nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium content was low， when the total amount of inorganic nitrogen input was more than 100 kg·hm^-2， or when the proportion of organic nitrogen fertilizer was about 50%， the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers was more conducive to the accumulation of potassium ions and reducing sugars in flue-cured tobacco leaves， the reduction of nicotine and the improvement of sugar-nicotine ratio. Therefore， before the flue-cured tobacco planting and fertilization， the appropriate application program of organic and inorganic fertilizer should be formulated according to the needs of chemical composition， comprehensive consideration of the environment， soil， fertilization and other factors， for achieving the purpose of production.

Key words: organic fertilizer, flue-cured tobacco, organic nitrogen ratio, chemical composition, meta-analysis, sensory quality

摘要：

为研究有机无机肥配施对烤烟烟叶中主要化学成分的影响，探究不同影响因素下有机无机肥配施对烤烟烟叶主要化学成分含量的具体效应，以“烤烟”“有机肥”“品质”“化学成分”为关键词，检索并整合了国内相关的169篇文献，提取出631组主要数据建立数据库，选择对数响应比作为效应量进行整合分析。结果表明，相比于无机肥单独施用，有机无机肥配施可显著提升烟叶中还原性糖含量和糖碱比（5.5%和9.3%）、降低烟碱含量（-5.6%），还可小幅度提高烤烟香气质、香气量、余味、杂气、刺激性和细腻度（4.5%、5.2%、2.5%、1.5%、1.8%和3.4%）。有机无机肥配施在北方烟区土壤中对提升烤烟烟叶中还原性糖含量、糖碱比和降低烟碱含量有更明显的效果（18.06%、25.86%、-5.26%）；有机无机肥配施在相对贫瘠的土壤上效果更明显，当土壤有效氮含量小于100 mg·kg^-1时，其增加烤烟烟叶中还原性糖含量和糖碱比、降低烟碱含量的效果更加明显（6.82%、14.11%、-9.43%）。当烤烟种植密度在15 000~17 000 株·hm^-2时，有机无机肥配施对提高烟叶中还原性糖、钾离子含量和糖碱比、降低烟碱含量有更好的效果（9.53%、9.42%、18.06%、-7.04%）。当有机氮比例为50%时，有机无机肥配施有大幅降低烟碱含量、提升烟叶中钾离子、还原性糖含量和糖碱比的效果（-8.80%、11.50%、8.9%、13.80%）。综上所述，有机无机肥配施对烤烟烟叶中还原性糖、钾离子、烟碱、糖碱比影响较大，且能通过影响烟叶化学成分含量来协调烤烟的感官质量。在北方烟区或当土壤有效氮磷钾含量较低、无机氮投入总量大于100 kg·hm^-2、肥料有机氮比例为50%时，有机无机肥配施更有利于烤烟烟叶中钾离子、还原性糖的积累，降低烟碱含量，提升糖碱比。因此，在烤烟种植和施肥前，应根据对烟叶化学成分的需求，综合考量环境、土壤、施肥等因素，制定合适的有机无机肥配施方案，以达到生产目的。

关键词: 有机肥, 烤烟, 有机氮比例, 化学成分, 整合分析, 感官质量