Influence of Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Soil Bacterial Community Structure in Korla Pear Orchards

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0013

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of nitrogen reduction combined with organic fertilizer on soil bacterial community structure and diversity in Korla fragrant pear orchard （0 to 20 cm）， conventional fertilization treatment was used as the control （CK），and 3 nitrogen reduction gradients of 10% （N1）， 20% （N2） and 30% （N3） and 2 organic fertilizer gradients were set， that is， sheep manure 22 500 （F1） and 33 750 kg·hm^-2 （F2） were applied， respectively，to form a combination of nitrogen reduction and organic fertilizer test treatment. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to determine soil bacterial community structure composition and community diversity， and to analyze its correlation with soil physical and chemical properties. The results showed that the dominant phyla of soil bacteria were Actinobacteria， Proteobacteria， Firmicutes， Gemmatimonadetes， Chloroflexi， Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The dominant bacterial genera were Bacillus， Kocuria， Halomonas， Subgroup_6， S0134_terrestrial_group， Arthrobacter and Kineosporia. N1F2 treatment could increase the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes， N1F2 and N2F2 treatments could promote the relative abundance of Kocuria， and N2F2 treatment could promote the relative abundance of Arthrobacter. The N3F2 treatment notably increased the α-diversity of the bacterial community. Nitrogen reduction combined with organic fertilizer significantly promoted soil organic matter， total nitrogen， alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen， available phosphorus and available potassium， and significantly inhibited pH and electrical conductivity. Key environmental factors affecting soil microbial community structure included total nitrogen， soil organic matter， alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen， available potassium， available phosphorus， electrical conductivity and pH. To promote the improvement of soil quality and the stability of soil ecosystem diversity， it was recommended to apply 240~270 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen fertilizer and 33 750 kg·hm^-2 organic fertilizer for 10~12 years old Korla fragrant pear.

Key words: Korla fragrant pear, nitrogen fertilizer reduction, organic fertilizer, bacterial community, soil nutrients

摘要：

为探究减氮配施有机肥对库尔勒香梨园土壤（0—20 cm）细菌群落结构及多样性的影响，以常规施肥处理为对照（CK），设置分别较常规施肥用氮量减少10 %（N1）、20 %（N2）、30 %（N3）3个氮肥减量梯度和2个有机肥梯度，即分别施用羊粪22 500（F1）、33 750 kg·hm^-2（F2），组合形成氮肥减量配施有机肥试验处理。采用高通量测序技术测定土壤细菌群落结构组成及群落多样性，分析其与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明，土壤细菌优势菌门为放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）；优势细菌属为芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、考克氏菌属（Kocuria）、嗜盐单胞菌属（Halomonas）、Subgroup_6、S0134_terrestrial_group、节杆菌属（Arthrobacter）和动孢菌属（Kineosporia）。N1F2处理能增加拟杆菌门的相对丰度，N1F2和N2F2处理对考克氏菌属的相对丰度有促进作用，N2F2处理对节杆菌属的相对丰度有促进作用。N3F2处理对细菌群落的α多样性有显著促进作用。减氮配施有机肥对土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾显著促进，对pH、电导率显著抑制，全氮、土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、有效磷、电导率、pH是影响土壤细菌群落结构的重要环境因素。为推进香梨园土壤质量提升及土壤生态系统多样性的稳定，推荐10~12年树龄的库尔勒香梨适宜施肥模式为施氮240~270 kg·hm^-2的同时配施有机肥33 750 kg·hm^-2。

关键词: 库尔勒香梨, 氮肥减量, 有机肥, 细菌群落, 土壤养分

CLC Number:

S152.7

Xiyu ZHANG, Xing SHEN, Wei LI, Wenge XIE, Jie LI, Changhao YANG, Zhongping CHAI. Influence of Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Soil Bacterial Community Structure in Korla Pear Orchards[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(7): 217-228.

张曦瑜, 沈幸, 李伟, 谢文歌, 李杰, 杨昌浩, 柴仲平. 氮肥减量配施有机肥对库尔勒香梨园土壤细菌群落结构的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(7): 217-228.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1 Experiment scheme with nitrogen reduction combined with organic fertilizer

处理Treatment	养分用量Quantity of nutrient application/（kg·hm^-2）
处理Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	羊粪Sheep manure
CK	300	300	75	0
N1F1	270	300	75	22 500
N2F1	240	300	75	22 500
N3F1	210	300	75	22 500
N1F2	270	300	75	33 750
N2F2	240	300	75	33 750
N3F2	210	300	75	33 750

Fig. 1 Relative abundance of bacterial communities at the phylum level under reduced nitrogen combined with organic fertilizer

Fig. 2 Relative abundance of bacterial communities at the genus level under reduced nitrogen combined with organic fertilizer

Fig. 3 Soil bacterial community α diversity under reduced nitrogen combined with organic fertilizerNote：* indicates significant difference at P<0.05 level.

Fig. 4 Soil bacterial community β diversity under reduced nitrogen combined with organic fertilizerNote：Each dot in the figure represents one sample， 3 dots of same colour represent 3 replicate treatments.

Table 2 Soil physical and chemical properties under reduced nitrogen combined with organic fertilizer

时期Period	处理Treatment	全氮TN/（g·kg^-1）	有机质SOM/（g·kg^-1）	碱解氮AN/（mg·kg^-1）	有效磷AP/（mg·kg^-1）	速效钾AK/（mg·kg^-1）	pH	电导率EC/（μs·cm^-1）
T2	CK	0.87 b	19.70 c	66.33 e	71.68 a	228.00 a	7.82 de	3 955.33 b
	N1F1	0.92 ab	21.70 a	66.10 e	67.21 ab	228.00 a	7.94 a	2 314.00 d
	N2F1	0.84 b	21.85 a	67.23 e	66.99 ab	229.33 a	7.83 cd	4 559.33 a
	N3F1	0.84 b	20.42 bc	70.36 de	63.23 b	235.67 a	7.91 ab	4 558.33 a
	N1F2	0.98 a	22.12 a	76.57 c	66.21 ab	231.67 a	7.89 bcd	3 544.67 c
	N2F2	0.90 ab	21.28 ab	73.07 cd	67.68 ab	234.00 a	7.74 e	3 418.33 c
	N3F2	0.88 b	21.96 a	81.83 b	62.41 b	241.00 a	7.85 cde	1 460.67 e
T3	CK	0.92 b	20.51 b	64.35 cd	75.25 b	232.67 ab	8.11 a	2 045.33 e
	N1F1	0.96 ab	22.02 a	66.40 bc	70.33 bcd	234.67 ab	7.85 b	3 685.33 c
	N2F1	0.89 b	22.27 a	63.72 cd	65.63 cd	234.33 ab	7.83 b	3 779.00 c
	N3F1	0.88 b	19.91 b	58.27 d	61.87 d	229.00 b	7.80 bc	4 428.67 b
	N1F2	1.05 a	21.84 a	79.00 a	72.28 bc	244.00 a	8.08 a	2 798.33 d
	N2F2	0.98 ab	22.34 a	72.45 ab	68.52 bcd	240.33 ab	7.84 b	3 892.00 c
	N3F2	0.93 b	22.94 a	66.22 bc	63.47 d	240.00 ab	7.71 c	6 081.67 a
T4	CK	0.91 cd	21.02 d	62.25 de	69.66 ab	221.00 d	7.94 ab	6 187.00 b
	N1F1	0.98 abc	25.06 ab	67.12 cd	70.07 ab	239.00 c	7.92 ab	2 167.00 f
	N2F1	0.92 bcd	23.10 c	66.05 cd	65.10 bc	230.00 cd	7.81 c	3 650.33 c
	N3F1	0.89 d	20.18 d	57.48 e	61.24 c	220.67 d	7.65 d	7 656.33 a
	N1F2	1.07 a	25.52 a	81.87 a	74.60 a	252.00 b	7.98 a	20 514 .00 e
	N2F2	1.01 ab	24.07 bc	73.28 b	69.43 ab	240.67 bc	7.87 bc	1 546.67 g
	N3F2	0.94 bcd	23.79 bc	67.70 c	61.51 c	242.00 bc	7.33 e	2 862.33 d

Fig. 5 Correlations between soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community α diversity under reduced nitrogen and organic fertilizer treatmentNote：* and ** indicate significant correlations at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels，respectively.

Fig. 6 RDA of soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities at the phylum level under reduced nitrogen and organic fertilizer conditionsNote：Each dot in the figure represents 1 sample， 3 dots of same colour represent 3 replicate treatments.

Fig. 7 Correlations between soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities at the phylum level under reduced nitrogen and organic fertilizer conditionsNote：* and ** indicate significant correlations at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels，respectively.

Fig. 8 RDA of soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities at the genus level under reduced nitrogenand organic fertilizer conditionsNote：Each dot in the figure represents 1 sample， 3 dots of same colour represent 3 replicate treatments.

Fig. 9 Correlations between soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities at the genus level under reduced nitrogen and organic fertilizer conditionsNote：* and ** indicate significant correlations at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels，respectively.

References 33

[1]	WU X, ZHANG T, ZHAO J N, et al.. Variation of soil bacterial and fungal communities from fluvo-aquic soil under chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic materials in North China Plain [J]. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 2021,21(1):349-363.
[2]	张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924.
	ZHANG F S, WANG J Q, ZHANG W F, et al.. Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in China and measures for improvement [J]. Acta Pedol. Sin., 2008,45(5):915-924.
[3]	刘国红.芽孢杆菌的分类鉴定及其相关属的分类系统演变研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2009.
	LIU G H. Taxonomic identification of bacillus and the evolution of taxonomic system of related genera [D]. Fuzhou: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 2009.
[4]	赵军,窦玉青,宋付朋,等.有机和无机烟草专用肥配合施用对烟草生产效益和肥料氮素利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(3):613-619.
	ZHAO J, DOU Y Q, SONG F P, et al.. Effects of combined application of biological organic fertilizer and inorganic compound fertilizer on the tobacco profit and nitrogen use efficiency [J]. J. Plant Nutr. Fert., 2014,20(3):613-619.
[5]	马宜林, 吴广海, 申洪涛, 等. 羊粪有机肥与化肥配施对烤烟生长及土壤肥力特性的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2021, 35 (10): 2423-2430.
	MA Y L, WU G H, SHEN H T, et al..Effects of combined application of sheep manure-derived organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on tobacco growth and soil fertility [J]. J. Nucl. Agric. Sci., 2021, 35 (10): 2423-2430.
[6]	赵力光,唐兴莹,汤利,等.化肥减量配施生物有机肥对植烟土壤微生物区系的影响及其与烤烟青枯病的关系[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2018,33(4):744-750.
	ZHAO L G, TANG X Y, TANG L,et al..Effects of bio-organic fertilizers combination with chemical fertilizer reduction on the soil microbial flora and its correlation of bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco [J]. J. Yunnan Agric. Univ. (Nat. Sci.), 2018,33(4):744-750.
[7]	KAVAMURA V N, HAYAT R, CLARK I M, et al.. Inorganic nitrogen application affects both taxonomical and predicted functional structure of wheat rhizosphere bacterial communities [J/OL]. Front. Microbiol., 2018,9:1074 [2024-01-07]..
[8]	INSAM H, HUTCHINSON T C, REBER H H. Effects of heavy metal stress on the metabolic quotient of the soil microflora [J].Soil Biol. Biochem., 1996,28(4/5):691-694.
[9]	马龙,高伟,栾好安,等.基于宏基因组学方法分析施肥模式对设施菜田土壤微生物群落的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2021,27(3):403-416.
	MA L, GAO W, LUAN H A,et al..Soil microbial community characteristics in greenhouse vegetable production under different fertilization patterns based on metagenomic analysis [J].J. Plant Nutr. Fert., 2021,27(3):403-416.
[10]	丁阔,王雪梅,陈波浪,等.施用黑炭和羊粪对库尔勒香梨园土壤理化性质与产量的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2015,32(5):449-455.
	DING K, WANG X M, CHEN B L,et al..Influences of applying black carbon and sheep excrement on soil properties and yield of Korla fragrant pear orchard [J].J. Agric. Resour. Environ., 2015,32(5):449-455.
[11]	鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:1-495.
[12]	郭翠莲,付洁,胡青,等.尖叶木樨榄天然林地不同土层土壤微生物群落差异研究[J].西北林学院学报,2023,38(6):46-53.
	GUO C L, FU J, HU Q,et al..Differences of soil microbial communities between different soil layers of Olea cuspidata natural forest land [J]. J. Northwest For. Univ.,2023,38(6):46-53.
[13]	王娟娟, 朱紫娟, 钱晓晴,等. 减施化肥与不同有机肥配施对稻季土壤细菌群落结构的影响[J]. 土壤, 2021, 53 (5): 983-990.
	WANG J J, ZHU Z J, QIAN X Q, et al..Effects of reducing chemical fertilizer combined with application of different organic fertilizers on soil bacterial community structure during rice season [J]. Soils, 2021, 53 (5): 983-990.
[14]	叶盛嘉, 郑晨萌, 张影,等. 氮肥减量配施有机肥对豫中地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作生产力和土壤性质的影响 [J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2022, 30 (6): 900-912.
	YE S J, ZHENG C M, ZHANG Y, et al..Effects of reduced chemical nitrogen input combined with organic fertilizer ap-plication on the productivity of winter wheat and summer maize rotation and soil properties in central Henan province [J]. Chin. J. Eco-Agric., 2022, 30 (6): 900-912.
[15]	YANG L, WEI W, CHEN L, et al.. Spatial variations of shallow and deep soil moisture in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China [J]. Hydrol Earth Syst. Sci., 2012,16(9):3199-3217.
[16]	RODRIGUES J L, PELLIZARI V H, MUELLER R, et al..Conversion of the Amazon rainforest to agriculture results in biotic homogenization of soil bacterial communities [J]. Proc.Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2013,110(3):988-993.
[17]	XUN W B, XIONG W, HUANG T,et al..Swine manure and quicklime have different impacts on chemical properties and composition of bacterial communities of an acidic soil [J]. Appl. Soil Ecol., 2016,100: 38-44.
[18]	SUL W J, ASUMING-BREMPONG S, WANG Q, et al.. Tropical agricultural land management influences on soil microbial communities through its effect on soil organic carbon [J]. Soil Biol. Biochem., 2013,65:33-38.
[19]	于冰,宋阿琳,李冬初,等.长期施用有机和无机肥对红壤微生物群落特征及功能的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(6):58-65.
	YU B, SONG A L, LI D C,et al.. Influences of long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the structure and function of microbial com-munity in red soil [J]. Soil Fert. Sci. China, 2017(6):58-65.
[20]	徐忠山,刘景辉,逯晓萍,等.施用有机肥提高黑土土壤酶活性、增加细菌数量及种类多样性[J].中国土壤与肥料,2020(4):50-55.
	XU Z S, LIU J H, LU X P, et al.. The application of organic fertilizer improves the activity of the soil enzyme,increases the number and the species variety of bacteria in black soil [J]. Soil Fert. Sci. China, 2020(4):50-55.
[21]	顾美英, 唐光木, 张云舒, 等. 有机肥与生物炭对新疆盐碱沙化土壤微生物群落特征的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32 (8): 1392-1404.
	GU M Y, TANG G M, ZHANG Y S, et al.. Effects of organic fertilizers and biochar on microorganism community characteristics in saline-alkali sandy soil of Xinjiang [J]. Ecol. Environ. Sci., 2023, 32 (8): 1392-1404.
[22]	徐赛, 杨延杰, 圣亚男, 等. 有机无机肥配施对日光温室番茄连作土壤微生物的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2022, 53 (4): 897-906.
	XU S, YANG Y J, SHENG Y N, et al..Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil microorganisms in continuous cropping in solar greenhouse [J]. Chin. J. Soil Sci., 2022, 53 (4): 897-906.
[23]	张晓冰,杨星勇,杨永柱,等.芽孢杆菌促进植物生长机制研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2020,48(3):73-80.
[24]	赵卉鑫,马鑫,张瑞喜,等.聚丙烯酰胺和生物炭共施对土壤细菌群落、理化因子和玉米产量的影响[J].微生物学通报,2023,50(3):1136-1148.
	ZHAO H X, MA X, ZHANG R X,et al..Effects of polyacrylamide and biochar co-application on soil bacterial community,physical and chemical factors,and maize yield [J]. Microbiol. China, 2023, 50(3):1136-1148.
[25]	胡媛媛,屈洁,马琨.长期施肥对旱作区农田土壤细菌群落组成和多样性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2023(7):138-148.
	HU Y Y, QU J, MA K. Effects of long-term fertilization on soil bacterial community composition and diversity in dry farming region [J]. Soil Fert. Sci. China, 2023(7):138-148.
[26]	桑文,赵亚光,张凤华.化肥减量配施有机液体肥对土壤微生物群落结构多样性的影响[J].西南农业学报,2020,33(11):2584-2590.
	SANG W, ZHAO Y G, ZHANG F H.Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic liquid fertilizer on soil microbial community structure diversity [J]. Southwest China J. Agric. Sci., 2020,33(11):2584-2590.
[27]	王兴松, 王娜, 杜宇, 等. 有机肥对玉溪植烟土壤有机质组分和微生物群落结构的影响 [J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(8): 201-212.
	WANG X S, WANG N, DU Y, et al.. Effects of organic fertilizer on organic matter composition and microbial community structure of tobacco-growing soil in Yuxi [J]. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 2024, 26 (8): 201-212.
[28]	张平究,李恋卿,潘根兴,等.长期不同施肥下太湖地区黄泥土表土微生物碳氮量及基因多样性变化[J].生态学报,2004,24(12):2818-2824.
	ZHANG P J, LI L Q, PAN G X, et al.. Influence of long-term fertilizer management on topsoil microbial biomass and genetic diversity of a paddy soil from the Tai Lake Region, China [J].Acta Ecol. Sin., 2004,24(12):2818-2824.
[29]	李栋宇,靳辉勇,屠乃美,等.等氮条件下有机无机配施对烤烟根际土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J].西南农业学报,2018,31(11):2361-2365.
	LI D Y, JIN H Y, TU N M, et al.. Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic on metabolic functional diversity of rhizosphere soil microbial community of flue-cured tobacco under same N condition [J]. Southwest China J. Agric. Sci.,2018,31(11):2361-2365.
[30]	靳晓拓,马继勇,周彦妤,等.化肥减量配施有机肥下芒果园土壤细菌多样性及群落结构特征[J].热带作物学报,2019,40(6):1205-1212.
	JIN X T, MA J Y, ZHOU Y Y, et al.. Bacterial diversity and community structure characteristics of mango orchard soil under reduced chemical fertilizer and in-creased organic fertilizer application [J]. Chin. J. Trop. Crops, 2019,40(6):1205-1212.
[31]	李猛,张恩平,张淑红,等.长期不同施肥设施菜地土壤酶活性与微生物碳源利用特征比较[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(1):44-53.
	LI M, ZHANG E P, ZHANG S H, et al.. Comparison of soil enzyme activities and microbial C metabolism in installed vegetable fields under long-term different fertilization [J]. J. Plant Nutr. Fert., 2017,23(1):44-53.
[32]	徐万里,唐光木,葛春辉,等.长期施肥对新疆灰漠土土壤微生物群落结构与功能多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(2):468-477.
	XU W L, TANG G M, GE C H,et al..Effects of long-term fertilization on diversities of soil microbial community structure and function in grey desert soil of Xinjiang [J]. Acta Ecol. Sin., 2015,35(2):468-477.
[33]	SADET-BOURGETEAU S, HOUOT S, DEQUIEDT S, et al.. Lasting effect of repeated application of organic waste products on microbial communities in arable soils [J]. Appl. Soil Ecol., 2018, 125: 278-287.