Identification of Soybean Quality Traits and Screening of Elite Germplasms in Huang-Huai-Hai Ecoregion

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1057

Abstract

Abstract:

Soybean is an important economic crop in the world， which provides plant protein， oil and a variety of active substances beneficial to human health. In order to comprehensively identify the quality characters of soybean resources abundant in China， 16 kinds of seed quality traits of 520 soybean germplasms in Huang-Huai-Hai ecoregion were evaluated in 6 environments across 2 years with reference to the national standard method. The results showed that the genetic variations of the tested seed quality traits were abundant in the soybean germplasms， and the variation coefficients of isoflavone and tocopherol contents were relative high， while the variation coefficients of protein， oil and fatty acid components were relatively low. Meanwhile， there were significant correlations among the 16 seed quality traits. Principal component analysis showed that the 16 quality traits could be attributed to 5 principal components. Based on the results of principal component analysis， 520 germplasms could be divided into 3 categories by cluster analysis with significant differences. Based on the above results and high stability coefficient analysis， 35 germplasms with multiple or single elite seed quality traits were screened out， which provided important resources for genetic improvement of seed quality traits in soybean.

Key words: soybean, quality traits, correlation, principal component, germplasm screening

摘要：

大豆是世界重要的经济作物，籽粒富含蛋白质、脂肪和异黄酮以及生育酚等多种活性物质。我国大豆资源丰富，为综合鉴定其品质性状，以黄淮海生态区520份大豆种质为材料，参照国标方法在2年6种环境下鉴定籽粒16个品质性状。结果发现，供试材料品质性状遗传变异丰富，其中异黄酮和生育酚含量变异系数较大，蛋白质、脂肪和脂肪酸含量变异系数较小，且不同品质性状间显著相关。主成分分析可将16个品质性状归为5个主成分。基于主成分结果进行聚类分析，可将520份种质划分为3类，各类之间差异显著。综合以上结果并结合各种质高稳系数，筛选出35份多个或单一性状表现优异的大豆种质，为黄淮海地区大豆品质性状遗传改良提供了重要资源。

关键词: 大豆, 品质性状, 相关性, 主成分, 种质筛选

CLC Number:

S565.1

Zhenqi SHAO, Wenlong LI, Youbin KONG, Hui DU, Zhanjun LI, Xihuan LI, Caiying ZHANG. Identification of Soybean Quality Traits and Screening of Elite Germplasms in Huang-Huai-Hai Ecoregion[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(11): 58-69.

邵振启, 李文龙, 孔佑宾, 杜汇, 李占军, 李喜焕, 张彩英. 黄淮海大豆种质资源品质鉴定与优异种质筛选[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(11): 58-69.

Figures/Tables 10

References 30

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时间 Time/min	A：0.1%乙酸乙腈 0.1% acetic acid acetonitrile/%	B：0.1%乙酸水 0.1% acetic acid water/%
0.0	10	90
7.5	30	70
10.5	40	60
11.1	100	0
12.6	100	0
13.5	10	90
15.0	10	90

时间 Time/min	A：0.1%乙酸乙腈 0.1% acetic acid acetonitrile/%	B：0.1%乙酸水 0.1% acetic acid water/%
0.0	10	90
7.5	30	70
10.5	40	60
11.1	100	0
12.6	100	0
13.5	10	90
15.0	10	90

性状 Traits		均值 Mean	最大值 Max.	最小值 Min.	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV/%	品种 Variety	环境 Environment	品种×环境 Variety × environment	遗传力 Heritability/%
蛋白质含量 Protein content/%		42.55	49.65	35.72	2.13	5.00	**	**	NS	59.37
脂肪含量 Oil content/%		18.46	21.57	13.84	1.37	7.42	**	**	**	56.30
脂肪酸含量 Fatty acid content/%	棕榈酸 Palmitic acid	13.04	15.05	11.12	0.65	4.98	**	**	**	64.70
	硬脂酸 Stearic acid	4.73	6.52	3.47	0.41	8.68	**	**	**	63.20
	油酸 Oleic acid	22.51	30.80	17.22	2.31	10.26	**	**	**	64.64
	亚油酸 Linoleic acid	53.04	58.70	46.23	1.85	3.49	**	**	**	64.72
	亚麻酸 Linolenic acid	6.68	9.96	4.60	0.74	11.08	**	**	**	66.07
	不饱和脂肪酸 Unsaturated fatty acid	82.23	84.64	79.82	0.79	0.96	**	**	**	63.76
异黄酮含量 Isoflavone content/ （μg·g^-1）	大豆甙 Daidzin	690.91	1 619.93	266.44	236.71	34.26	**	**	NS	65.28
	黄豆黄素 Glycitin	204.06	508.82	81.55	57.23	28.05	**	**	NS	55.13
	染料木甙 Genistin	1 074.06	2 311.28	430.11	295.46	27.51	**	**	**	63.85
	总异黄酮 Total isoflavones	1 969.03	3 922.71	852.91	540.56	27.45	**	**	NS	65.15
生育酚含量 Tocopherol content/ （μg·g^-1）	δ-生育酚 δ-tocopherol	69.05	113.20	34.76	12.42	17.99	**	**	**	66.59
	γ-生育酚 γ-tocopherol	162.11	218.23	107.55	20.97	12.94	**	**	**	66.52
	α-生育酚 α-tocopherol	51.31	154.11	12.60	18.38	35.82	**	**	**	67.12
	总生育酚 Total tocopherol	282.47	400.85	187.58	34.31	12.15	**	**	**	66.77

性状 Traits		均值 Mean	最大值 Max.	最小值 Min.	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV/%	品种 Variety	环境 Environment	品种×环境 Variety × environment	遗传力 Heritability/%
蛋白质含量 Protein content/%		42.55	49.65	35.72	2.13	5.00	**	**	NS	59.37
脂肪含量 Oil content/%		18.46	21.57	13.84	1.37	7.42	**	**	**	56.30
脂肪酸含量 Fatty acid content/%	棕榈酸 Palmitic acid	13.04	15.05	11.12	0.65	4.98	**	**	**	64.70
	硬脂酸 Stearic acid	4.73	6.52	3.47	0.41	8.68	**	**	**	63.20
	油酸 Oleic acid	22.51	30.80	17.22	2.31	10.26	**	**	**	64.64
	亚油酸 Linoleic acid	53.04	58.70	46.23	1.85	3.49	**	**	**	64.72
	亚麻酸 Linolenic acid	6.68	9.96	4.60	0.74	11.08	**	**	**	66.07
	不饱和脂肪酸 Unsaturated fatty acid	82.23	84.64	79.82	0.79	0.96	**	**	**	63.76
异黄酮含量 Isoflavone content/ （μg·g^-1）	大豆甙 Daidzin	690.91	1 619.93	266.44	236.71	34.26	**	**	NS	65.28
	黄豆黄素 Glycitin	204.06	508.82	81.55	57.23	28.05	**	**	NS	55.13
	染料木甙 Genistin	1 074.06	2 311.28	430.11	295.46	27.51	**	**	**	63.85
	总异黄酮 Total isoflavones	1 969.03	3 922.71	852.91	540.56	27.45	**	**	NS	65.15
生育酚含量 Tocopherol content/ （μg·g^-1）	δ-生育酚 δ-tocopherol	69.05	113.20	34.76	12.42	17.99	**	**	**	66.59
	γ-生育酚 γ-tocopherol	162.11	218.23	107.55	20.97	12.94	**	**	**	66.52
	α-生育酚 α-tocopherol	51.31	154.11	12.60	18.38	35.82	**	**	**	67.12
	总生育酚 Total tocopherol	282.47	400.85	187.58	34.31	12.15	**	**	**	66.77

性状 Traits	Pro	Oil	Pa	Sa	Oa	La	Lna	Usfa	Dai	Gly	Gen	Iso	δ-Toc	γ-Toc	α-Toc
Oil	-0.51^**
Pa	0.21^**	-0.39^**
Sa	-0.04	0.10^*	0.06
Oa	-0.06	0.16^**	-0.33^**	-0.09^*
La	-0.05	0.14^**	-0.07	-0.12^**	-0.85^**
Lna	0.13^**	-0.54^**	0.26^**	-0.02	-0.63^**	0.29^**
Usfa	-0.16^**	0.28^**	-0.85^**	-0.56^**	0.31^**	0.12^**	-0.21^**
Dai	-0.22^**	-0.20^**	-0.12^**	-0.07	-0.07	-0.02	0.39^**	0.13^**
Gly	-0.03	-0.15^**	0.03	-0.04	-0.27^**	0.19^**	0.32^**	-0.02	0.41^**
Gen	-0.24^**	-0.10^*	-0.19^**	-0.12^**	-0.05	0.02	0.33^**	0.21^**	0.87^**	0.38^**
Iso	-0.23^**	-0.15^**	-0.15^**	-0.10^*	-0.09^*	0.02	0.39^**	0.17^**	0.96^**	0.49^**	0.97^**
δ-Toc	-0.14^**	0.26^**	-0.16^**	0.08	0.10^*	0.01	-0.23^**	0.09^*	-0.07	-0.08	0.01	-0.03
γ-Toc	-0.29^**	0.57^**	-0.16^**	0.00	-0.15^**	0.32^**	-0.20^**	0.13^**	-0.17^**	0.03	-0.19^**	-0.18^**	0.34^**
α-Toc	-0.17^**	0.20^**	-0.04	0.20^**	-0.01	0.04	-0.11^*	-0.06	-0.04	-0.09^*	-0.03	-0.04	0.07	0.05
Toc	-0.32^**	0.55^**	-0.18^**	0.13^**	-0.06	0.22^**	-0.26^**	0.09	-0.15^**	-0.06	-0.13^**	-0.14^**	0.61^**	0.76^**	0.59^**