不同有机无机氮配比对南阳烟区土壤碳氮及烤烟上部叶质量的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0567

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (1): 175-186.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0567

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

不同有机无机氮配比对南阳烟区土壤碳氮及烤烟上部叶质量的影响

李耕¹(), 赵园园¹, 程玉渊², 吴疆², 段卫东³, 尹光庭³, 李倩², 陈晨², 郑飞², 刘园², 史宏志¹()

^1.河南农业大学烟草学院，烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室，烟草农业减害研究中心，郑州 450002
^2.河南省南阳市烟草专卖局，河南南阳 473000
^3.河南中烟工业有限责任公司，郑州 450016

收稿日期:2021-07-12 接受日期:2021-11-22 出版日期:2023-01-15 发布日期:2023-04-17
通讯作者: 史宏志
作者简介:李耕 E-mail：843049981@qq.com；
基金资助:
河南省烟草公司南阳市公司科技项目(2020411300270065);中国烟草总公司科技重点项目(110201902004)

Effects of Different Organic-inorganic Nitrogen Ratios on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen and Upper Leaf Quality in Nanyang Tobacco Area

Geng LI¹(), Yuanyuan ZHAO¹, Yuyuan CHENG², Jiang WU², Weidong DUAN³, Guangting YIN³, Qian LI², Chen CHEN², Fei ZHENG², Yuan LIU², Hongzhi SHI¹()

^1.Tobacco Agricultural Harm Reduction Research Center，College of Tobacco Science，Henan Agricultural University，Zhengzhou 450002，China
^2.Nanyang Municipal Tobacco Company of Henan Province，Henan Nanyang 473000，China
^3.China Tobacco Henan Industry Co. ，Ltd. ，Zhengzhou 450016，China

Received:2021-07-12 Accepted:2021-11-22 Online:2023-01-15 Published:2023-04-17
Contact: Hongzhi SHI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同有机肥与无机肥比配对南阳烟区烟草上部叶品质、改善土壤碳氮结构的作用，以烤烟品种云烟87为试验材料，以沼渣和芝麻饼肥为有机氮源，根据有机氮∶无机氮的不同配比设置6个处理［T1（0∶10，纯化肥）、T2（1∶9）、T3（2∶8）、T4（3∶7）、T5（4∶6）、T6（5∶5）］，对相应的烟叶和土壤样品进行检测分析。结果表明，与T1处理相比，施用沼渣有机肥和芝麻饼肥处理的烟草叶片大小、单叶重、钾氯比、淀粉含量、产值、香气总量等均显著提升，其中T4处理烟叶的叶长、叶宽、钾离子含量、淀粉含量、均价、产值、香气总量分别较T1处理提升了9.23%、10.49%、21.79%、31.91%、21.31%、26.57%、19.92%。与T1处理相比，施用有机肥处理的土壤有机碳含量、土壤碳氮比及微生物量碳、氮含量均明显提高。在南阳烟区按照有机氮∶无机氮配比为3∶7施用沼渣有机肥和芝麻饼肥能够有效提升烟草上部叶质量、耐熟性及成熟度，并改善土壤碳氮比。

关键词: 有机无机氮配比, 南阳烟区, 烤烟, 上部叶质量, 耐熟性, 沼渣, 土壤

Abstract:

To explore the effect of different organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer application ratio on tobacco upper leaf quality and soil carbon and nitrogen structure in Nanyang tobacco area， taking flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 as the test material， biogas residue and sesame cake fertilizer were used as the organic nitrogen sources， and 6 treatments were set according to different ratios of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen ［T1 （0∶10， purified fertilizer）， T2 （1∶9）， T3 （2∶8）， T4 （3∶7）， T5 （4∶6）， T6 （5∶5）］ to analyzy the corresponding tobacco leaves and soil samples were analyzed. The results showed that compared with T1 treatment， the leaf size， single leaf weight， ratio of potassium to chloride， starch content， output value， and total aroma of the treatments with biogas residue and sesame cake fertilizer significantly increased. Among them， the leaf length， leaf width， potassium ion content， starch content， average price， output value， and total aroma of T4 treatment were increased by 9.23%， 10.49%， 21.79%， 31.91%， 21.31%， 26.57%， and 17.86% compared with T1 treatment， respectively. Compared with T1 treatment， the soil organic carbon content， soil carbon-nitrogen ratio， microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content were significantly increased in the treatments with organic fertilizer. In Nanyang tobacco area， applying biogas residue and sesame cake fertilizer according to the organic nitrogen∶inorganic nitrogen ratio of 3∶7 could effectively improve the quality， mature tolerance and maturity of upper tobacco leaves， and improve soil carbon-nitrogen ratio.

Key words: ratio of organic and inorganic, Nanyang tobacco area, flue-cured tobacco, upper leaf quality, maturity tolerance, biogas residue fertilizer, soil

中图分类号:

S572

李耕, 赵园园, 程玉渊, 吴疆, 段卫东, 尹光庭, 李倩, 陈晨, 郑飞, 刘园, 史宏志. 不同有机无机氮配比对南阳烟区土壤碳氮及烤烟上部叶质量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(1): 175-186.

Geng LI, Yuanyuan ZHAO, Yuyuan CHENG, Jiang WU, Weidong DUAN, Guangting YIN, Qian LI, Chen CHEN, Fei ZHENG, Yuan LIU, Hongzhi SHI. Effects of Different Organic-inorganic Nitrogen Ratios on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen and Upper Leaf Quality in Nanyang Tobacco Area[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(1): 175-186.

图/表 9

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处理 Treatment	有机氮∶无机氮 Organic nitrogen∶inorganic nitrogen	芝麻饼 Sesame cake/ （kg·hm^-2）	沼渣 Biogas residue/ （kg·hm^-2）	C含量 C content/ （kg·hm^-2）	无机N含量 Inorganic N content/ （kg·hm^-2）	有机N含量 Organic N content/ （kg·hm^-2）
T1	0∶10	0.00	0.00	0.00	52.50	0.00
T2	1∶9	240	0.00	119.52	47.25	5.25
T3	2∶8	240	240	219.12	42.00	10.50
T4	3∶7	240	480	318.72	36.75	15.75
T5	4∶6	240	720	418.32	31.50	21.00
T6	5∶5	240	960	517.92	26.25	26.25

处理 Treatment	有机氮∶无机氮 Organic nitrogen∶inorganic nitrogen	芝麻饼 Sesame cake/ （kg·hm^-2）	沼渣 Biogas residue/ （kg·hm^-2）	C含量 C content/ （kg·hm^-2）	无机N含量 Inorganic N content/ （kg·hm^-2）	有机N含量 Organic N content/ （kg·hm^-2）
T1	0∶10	0.00	0.00	0.00	52.50	0.00
T2	1∶9	240	0.00	119.52	47.25	5.25
T3	2∶8	240	240	219.12	42.00	10.50
T4	3∶7	240	480	318.72	36.75	15.75
T5	4∶6	240	720	418.32	31.50	21.00
T6	5∶5	240	960	517.92	26.25	26.25

处理 Treatment	叶长 Leaf length/ cm	叶宽 Leaf width/ cm	叶面积 Leaf area/ cm²	单叶重 Single leaf weight/g	含梗率 Midrib ratio/%	叶片厚度 Leaf thickness/mm	拉力 Tensile strength/N	平衡含水率 Equilibrium moisture content/%
T1	66.52 b	25.54 b	39.20 c	17.62 c	24.22 a	0.24 a	3.03 cd	18.05 d
T2	68.34 ab	26.56 ab	40.49 bc	18.34 bc	24.18 a	0.21 b	3.27 b	23.28 a
T3	69.60 ab	27.10 ab	41.27 ab	19.24 ab	23.41 a	0.20 c	3.22 bc	21.27 b
T4	72.66 a	28.22 a	43.03 a	20.39 a	23.37 a	0.20 c	4.48 a	17.39 d
T5	70.78 ab	27.74 a	42.09 ab	18.66 bc	23.58 a	0.17 d	2.85 d	16.29 e
T6	68.26 ab	26.40 ab	40.35 bc	18.34 bc	24.96 a	0.15 e	2.48 e	19.88 c

处理 Treatment	叶长 Leaf length/ cm	叶宽 Leaf width/ cm	叶面积 Leaf area/ cm²	单叶重 Single leaf weight/g	含梗率 Midrib ratio/%	叶片厚度 Leaf thickness/mm	拉力 Tensile strength/N	平衡含水率 Equilibrium moisture content/%
T1	66.52 b	25.54 b	39.20 c	17.62 c	24.22 a	0.24 a	3.03 cd	18.05 d
T2	68.34 ab	26.56 ab	40.49 bc	18.34 bc	24.18 a	0.21 b	3.27 b	23.28 a
T3	69.60 ab	27.10 ab	41.27 ab	19.24 ab	23.41 a	0.20 c	3.22 bc	21.27 b
T4	72.66 a	28.22 a	43.03 a	20.39 a	23.37 a	0.20 c	4.48 a	17.39 d
T5	70.78 ab	27.74 a	42.09 ab	18.66 bc	23.58 a	0.17 d	2.85 d	16.29 e
T6	68.26 ab	26.40 ab	40.35 bc	18.34 bc	24.96 a	0.15 e	2.48 e	19.88 c

处理 Treatment	蛋白质 Protein/ %	淀粉 Starch/ %	还原糖 Reducing sugar/ %	钾 Potassium/ %	氯 Chlorine/ %	烟碱 Nicotine/ %	总氮 Total nitrogen/ %	总糖 Total sugar/ %	钾氯比 Ratio of potassium to chlorine	糖碱比 Ratio of sugar to nicotine	氮碱比 Ratio of nitrogen to nicotine
T1	13.51 a	2.35 c	17.92 bc	1.26 e	1.01 b	2.66 a	2.43 c	23.63 c	1.25 d	6.74 d	0.93 d
T2	11.96 c	2.60 b	17.78 bc	1.62 c	1.11 a	2.61 a	2.50 c	23.80 c	1.45 d	6.81 cd	0.96 cd
T3	13.00 ab	2.70 b	17.24 c	1.64 bc	1.05 b	2.46 b	2.65 b	24.27 bc	1.56 c	7.01 c	1.08 b
T4	12.56 bc	3.10 a	18.03 bc	1.90 a	0.93 c	2.14 c	2.45 c	25.36 b	2.04 a	8.43 a	1.14 a
T5	13.09 ab	2.42 c	19.03 a	1.71 b	1.04 b	2.58 a	3.08 a	26.62 a	1.64 b	7.38 b	1.19 a
T6	12.27 c	2.30 c	18.45 ab	1.48 d	1.04 b	2.42 b	2.63 b	24.85 bc	1.43 d	7.62 b	1.18 a

不同有机无机氮配比对南阳烟区土壤碳氮及烤烟上部叶质量的影响

Effects of Different Organic-inorganic Nitrogen Ratios on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen and Upper Leaf Quality in Nanyang Tobacco Area

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Metrics

处理 Treatment	均价/（元·kg^-1） Mean price/（yuan·kg^-1）	产量 Yield/（kg·hm^-²）	产值/（元·hm^-²） Output value/（yuan·hm^-²）	中上等烟比例 Proportion of medium and high-grade cigarettes/%
T1	24.78 c	1 537.65 a	38 106.12 d	62.89 e
T2	26.39 b	1 566.15 a	41 327.15 c	69.86 cd
T3	28.95 a	1 571.41 a	45 487.51 b	72.56 bc
T4	30.06 a	1 604.79 a	48 232.22 a	82.74 a
T5	28.78 ab	1 536.53 a	44 209.65 b	75.22 b
T6	26.83 b	1 544.46 a	41 440.84 c	68.42 d

香气物质类型 Aroma substance type	中性致香成分 Neutral fragrance ingredients	处理 Treatment
香气物质类型 Aroma substance type	中性致香成分 Neutral fragrance ingredients	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6
类胡萝卜素降解产物 Carotenoid catabolites	愈创木酚 O-methoxy-phenol	2.105 4	2.418 4	2.622 2	2.350 6	2.189 9	2.249 7
	芳樟醇 Linalool	0.658 1	0.765 3	0.692 1	0.723 1	0.952 2	0.797 0
	6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol	0.389 8	0.614 1	0.383 1	0.289 5	0.664 6	0.573 7
	异佛尔酮 Isophorone	0.160 8	0.246 9	0.275 1	0.174 7	0.287 8	0.230 3
	氧化异佛尔酮 Isophorone oxide	0.132 4	0.166 5	0.158 9	0.109 6	0.195 6	0.135 1
	6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮 6- methyl-5- hepten-2 one	1.826 5	2.090 5	1.707 9	1.950 0	2.552 4	1.766 2
	藏花醛 Safranal	0.153 8	0.175 4	0.184 9	0.146 9	0.213 2	0.203 5
	β-环柠檬醛β-cyclocitral	0.996 8	1.003 9	0.987 8	0.888 9	0.999 9	1.004 9
	β-大马酮 β-damascenone	13.938 6	15.374 3	15.337 6	13.732 0	15.170 0	15.270 9
	β-二氢大马酮β-dimascone	6.906 3	7.528 0	8.569 4	15.028 0	12.881 0	12.814 9
	香叶基丙酮 Geranylacetone	4.303 3	4.132 0	3.895 7	4.141 5	5.094 4	3.968 5
	二氢猕猴桃内酯 Dihydroactinidiolide	3.039 0	3.976 4	3.360 6	5.368 8	3.721 2	4.370 3
	巨豆三烯酮1 Megastigmatrienone 1	1.403 1	1.578 0	1.656 8	2.332 0	1.193 7	1.581 0
	巨豆三烯酮2 Megastigmatrienone 2	5.897 2	7.197 1	7.650 6	12.363 6	8.829 6	8.859 1
	巨豆三烯酮3 Megastigmatrienone 3	5.327 6	6.325 5	7.239 0	7.318 4	5.295 1	5.747 3
	3-羟基-β-二氢大马酮 3-hydroxy-β-dimascone	1.102 1	1.909 1	2.140 3	2.055 9	2.378 1	1.715 9
	巨豆三烯酮4 Megastigmatrienone 4	5.892 7	8.393 6	9.834 7	12.236 4	7.926 5	9.878 5
	螺岩兰草酮 Solavetivone	0.854 1	1.111 7	1.098 9	1.320 6	1.470 4	1.230 4
	法尼基丙酮 Farnesylacetone	6.305 2	9.131 5	8.459 1	7.651 9	15.664 0	14.210 4
	总量 Total amount	61.392 8 e	74.138 2 d	76.254 7 c	90.182 4 a	87.679 6 b	86.607 6 b
苯丙氨酸降解产物 Phenylalanine lysates	苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde	0.957 7	0.933 1	1.091 9	0.820 1	1.661 0	1.200 2
	苯甲醇 Benzyl alcohol	6.259 5	7.431 5	7.736 7	11.777 8	8.740 0	8.062 4
	苯乙醇 Phenethyl alcohol	1.278 7	2.698 4	2.559 0	4.868 2	3.475 3	3.474 6
	苯乙醛Phenyl acetaldehyde	5.780 2	6.001 3	7.048 9	9.882 4	6.677 9	5.414 4
	总量 Total amount	14.276 1 e	17.064 3 d	18.436 5 c	27.348 5 a	20.554 2 b	18.151 6 c
类西柏烷类降解产物Cembratriendiol catabolites	茄酮Solanone	34.879 1	35.626 2	37.690 2	39.101 7	36.559 0	35.839 2
类西柏烷类降解产物Cembratriendiol catabolites	总量 Total amount	34.879 1 c	35.626 2 c	37.690 2 ab	39.101 7 a	36.559 0 bc	35.839 2 bc
叶绿素降解产物Chlorophyll degradation products	新植二烯Neophytadiene	679.769	703.458	716.906	787.899	738.620	737.465
叶绿素降解产物Chlorophyll degradation products	总量 Total amount	679.769 c	703.458 bc	716.906 bc	787.899 a	738.620 b	737.465 b
总量Total amount		809.60 c	852.15 b	871.34 b	954.22 a	925.84 a	901.86 ab

香气物质类型 Aroma substance type	中性致香成分 Neutral fragrance ingredients	处理 Treatment
香气物质类型 Aroma substance type	中性致香成分 Neutral fragrance ingredients	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6
棕色化反应产物 Maillard reaction products	糠醛 Furfural	16.027 4	18.734 6	16.749 7	19.113 5	16.433 0	17.075 4
	糠醇 Furfuryl aleohol	0.307 0	1.249 9	0.874 5	3.501 8	3.219 4	2.545 9
	2-乙酰基吡咯 2 -acetylpyrrole	—	0.119 8	0.087 3	—	0.438 6	0.395 9
	5-甲基糠醛 5-methylfurfural	1.365 9	1.703 1	1.769 4	1.436 9	2.573 6	2.007 2
	3，4-二甲基-2，5-呋喃二酮 3，4-dimethyl-2，5-furandione	0.422 7	0.939 4	0.795 9	1.534 5	1.531 3	1.175 2
	2，6-壬二烯醛 2，6-nonadienal	1.160 0	1.111 5	0.802 7	0.739 4	0.591 2	0.595 3
	总量 Total amount	19.283 0 d	23.858 3 b	21.079 5 c	26.326 1 a	24.787 1 b	23.794 9 b

处理 Treatment	香气质 Aroma quality	香气量 Aroma quantity	浓度 Concentration	杂气 Undesirable odor	劲头 Strength	刺激性 Irritancy	余味 After taste	燃烧性 Flammability
T1	6.00 c	6.20 c	6.00 d	6.00 d	6.00 b	6.20 a	6.00 c	7.00 b
T2	6.30 bc	6.30 c	6.20 cd	6.30 bc	6.20 ab	6.30 a	6.10 bc	7.00 b
T3	6.40 abc	6.60 bc	6.40 bc	6.30 bc	6.30 ab	6.30 a	6.30 ab	7.00 b
T4	6.80 a	7.00 a	6.70 a	6.60 a	6.50 a	6.50 a	6.50 a	7.50 a
T5	6.50 ab	6.80 ab	6.50 ab	6.50 ab	6.20 ab	6.40 a	6.30 ab	7.50 a
T6	6.30 bc	6.40 c	6.20 cd	6.10 cd	6.00 b	6.40 a	6.10 bc	7.00 b

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