50份藜麦种质资源农艺性状的综合分析与评价

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0883

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2024, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (6): 45-54.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0883

50份藜麦种质资源农艺性状的综合分析与评价

张燕红¹(), 郭占斌²^,³(), 刘瑞香¹()

^1.内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院, 荒漠生态系统保护与修复国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010029
^2.内蒙古益稷生物科技有限公司, 呼和浩特 010010
^3.内蒙古蒙农藜麦产业研究院, 呼和浩特 010010

收稿日期:2022-10-18 接受日期:2023-02-01 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2024-06-12
通讯作者: 郭占斌,刘瑞香
作者简介:张燕红 E-mail：YanHongZ2021@163.com
基金资助:
呼和浩特市应用技术研究与开发资金项目（2022-农-5,2023-农-1）;中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2022ZY0138);内蒙古自治区燕麦藜麦产业技术创新推广体系

Comprehensive Analysis and Evaluation of Agronomic Characters of 50 Chenopodium Quinoa Germplasm Resources

Yanhong ZHANG¹(), Zhanbin GUO²^,³(), Ruixiang LIU¹()

^1.Key Laboratory of State Forest Administration for Desert Ecosystem Protection and Restoration，College of Desert Control Engineering Science，Inner Mongolia Agricultural University，Hohhot 010029，China
^2.Inner Mongolia Yiji Biotechnology Co. ，Ltd. ，Hohhot 010010，China
^3.Inner Mongolia Mengnong Quinoa Industry Research Institute，Hohhot 010010，China

Received:2022-10-18 Accepted:2023-02-01 Online:2024-06-15 Published:2024-06-12
Contact: Zhanbin GUO,Ruixiang LIU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为筛选适宜呼和浩特地区的优异藜麦种质，选用50份藜麦种质资源为试验材料，通过考察其生育期、株高、主茎直径、叶长、叶宽、单株有效穗数、主枝穗长、单株粒重、千粒重、穗色等农艺性状，采用相关性分析、主成分分析及聚类分析等对其农艺性状进行综合分析与评价。结果表明，藜麦农艺性状变异丰富，变异系数介于4.59%~62.59%；单株粒重与主茎直径、单株有效穗数呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），与株高呈显著正相关（P<0.05）；利用主成分分析共筛选出4个主成分，累计贡献率达78.518%。采用类平均法对50份试验材料进行Q型聚类分析，当类间距离为5时，将供试材料分为6个类群，第Ⅰ类种质数量较多，第Ⅱ类可作为景观种质资源，第Ⅲ类可发展优质牧草资源，第Ⅳ类可继续进行种植筛选试验，第Ⅴ类为高产型藜麦种质，第Ⅵ类为植株矮小型藜麦种质材料。研究结果为藜麦优异种质选育提供了理论依据及材料支持。

关键词: 藜麦, 种质资源, 农艺性状, 综合分析

Abstract:

In order to screen high-quality quinoa germplasm suitable for Hohhot area， 50 quinoa germplasm resources were selected as experimental materials， and their agronomic characters were comprehensively analyzed and evaluated by correlation analysis， principal component analysis and cluster analysis，through observing their growth period， plant height， main stem diameter， leaf length， leaf width， effective panicles per plant， main branch panicle length， grain weight per plant， 1 000-grain weight and spike color etc. The results showed that there were abundant variations in the agronomic characters of quinoa， and the coefficient of variation ranged from 4.59% to 62.59%； the grain weight per plant was significantly positively correlated with the main stem diameter and effective panicles per plant（P<0.01），and significantly positively correlated with the plant height（P<0.05）； 4 principal components were selected by principal component analysis， and the cumulative contribution rate was 78.518%. Q-type cluster analysis was carried out on 50 quinoa germplasm resources by class average method. When the distance between classes was 5， the tested quinoa germplasm resources were divided into 6 groups. Class Ⅰ germplasm was abundant， class Ⅱ could be used as landscape germplasm resources， class Ⅲ could develop high-quality forage resources. class Ⅳ could continue to be planted for screening tests， class Ⅴ was high-yielding quinoa germplasm， class Ⅵ was dwarf and small quinoa germplasm material. The research results provided theoretical basis and material support for quinoa high-quality germplasm breeding.

Key words: Chenopodium quinoa, germplasm resources, agronomic traits, comprehensive analysis

中图分类号:

S519

张燕红, 郭占斌, 刘瑞香. 50份藜麦种质资源农艺性状的综合分析与评价[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(6): 45-54.

Yanhong ZHANG, Zhanbin GUO, Ruixiang LIU. Comprehensive Analysis and Evaluation of Agronomic Characters of 50 Chenopodium Quinoa Germplasm Resources[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(6): 45-54.

图/表 9

参考文献 21

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序号 Number	编号 Code	序号 Number	编号 Code	序号 Number	编号 Code	序号 Number	编号 Code	序号 Number	编号 Code
1	Y-313	11	Y-324	21	Y-364	31	Y-374	41	Y-387
2	Y-314	12	Y-325	22	Y-365	32	Y-376	42	Y-389
3	Y-315	13	Y-331	23	Y-366	33	Y-377	43	Y-390
4	Y-316	14	Y-335	24	Y-367	34	Y-378	44	Y-391
5	Y-317	15	Y-338	25	Y-368	35	Y-379	45	Y-392
6	Y-318	16	Y-341	26	Y-369	36	Y-380	46	Y-393
7	Y-319	17	Y-360	27	Y-370	37	Y-381	47	Y-394
8	Y-320	18	Y-361	28	Y-371	38	Y-383	48	Y-395
9	Y-321	19	Y-362	29	Y-372	39	Y-384	49	Y-404
10	Y-323	20	Y-363	30	Y-373	40	Y-385	50	Y-409

序号 Number	编号 Code	序号 Number	编号 Code	序号 Number	编号 Code	序号 Number	编号 Code	序号 Number	编号 Code
1	Y-313	11	Y-324	21	Y-364	31	Y-374	41	Y-387
2	Y-314	12	Y-325	22	Y-365	32	Y-376	42	Y-389
3	Y-315	13	Y-331	23	Y-366	33	Y-377	43	Y-390
4	Y-316	14	Y-335	24	Y-367	34	Y-378	44	Y-391
5	Y-317	15	Y-338	25	Y-368	35	Y-379	45	Y-392
6	Y-318	16	Y-341	26	Y-369	36	Y-380	46	Y-393
7	Y-319	17	Y-360	27	Y-370	37	Y-381	47	Y-394
8	Y-320	18	Y-361	28	Y-371	38	Y-383	48	Y-395
9	Y-321	19	Y-362	29	Y-372	39	Y-384	49	Y-404
10	Y-323	20	Y-363	30	Y-373	40	Y-385	50	Y-409

性状Trait	记载标准Record standard
生育期Growth period/d	播种至成熟期的时间 Time from the first day after sowing to maturity
株高Plant height/cm	从植株基部至植株穗顶部的高度 Height from bottom to spike top
主茎直径Main stem diameter/mm	地面往上15 cm处植株主茎茎秆宽度 Width of main stem 15 cm above the ground
叶长Leaf length/cm	叶片基部到叶片顶端的距离 Distance from blade base to blade top
叶宽Leaf width/cm	叶片边缘最宽处的距离 Distance at the widest part of blade edge
穗色Spike color	藜麦穗部颜色 Quinoa spike color
单株有效穗数Effective panicles per plant	成熟期植株除主穗外、具有籽粒的穗的个数 Number of spikelets with grains except the main spike at maturity
主枝穗长Main branch panicle length/cm	成熟期植株主茎上生长的穗长度 Length of spike growing on main stem of plant at maturity
单株粒重Grain weight per plant/g	单株籽粒自然风干后的重量 Weight of seeds per plant after natural air drying
千粒重1 000-grain weight/g	随机取1 000粒藜麦籽粒，自然风干后的重量 Weight of 1 000 grain after natural air drying

性状Trait	记载标准Record standard
生育期Growth period/d	播种至成熟期的时间 Time from the first day after sowing to maturity
株高Plant height/cm	从植株基部至植株穗顶部的高度 Height from bottom to spike top
主茎直径Main stem diameter/mm	地面往上15 cm处植株主茎茎秆宽度 Width of main stem 15 cm above the ground
叶长Leaf length/cm	叶片基部到叶片顶端的距离 Distance from blade base to blade top
叶宽Leaf width/cm	叶片边缘最宽处的距离 Distance at the widest part of blade edge
穗色Spike color	藜麦穗部颜色 Quinoa spike color
单株有效穗数Effective panicles per plant	成熟期植株除主穗外、具有籽粒的穗的个数 Number of spikelets with grains except the main spike at maturity
主枝穗长Main branch panicle length/cm	成熟期植株主茎上生长的穗长度 Length of spike growing on main stem of plant at maturity
单株粒重Grain weight per plant/g	单株籽粒自然风干后的重量 Weight of seeds per plant after natural air drying
千粒重1 000-grain weight/g	随机取1 000粒藜麦籽粒，自然风干后的重量 Weight of 1 000 grain after natural air drying

编号 Code	生育期Growth period/d	株高 Plant height/cm	主枝穗长Main branch panicle length/cm	叶长 Leaf length/cm	叶宽 Leaf width/cm	主茎直径 Main stem diameter/mm	单株有效穗数 Effective panicles per plant	千粒重1 000-grain weight/g	单株粒重Grain weight per plant/g	穗色Spike color
Y-369	149	108.67±16.01 ghi	17.00±2.65 jkl	3.90±1.65 bcd	2.07±0.61 def	8.83±2.23 efg	8.33±5.13 cde	2.63±0.18 ghi	20.16±4.25 def	1
Y-370	148	98.67±15.57 lmn	21.67±0.58 fgh	3.90±1.22 bcd	2.67±1.04 abcd	9.29±1.30 efg	12.33±2.89 bcde	3.37±0.25 abcd	12.57±4.39 ef	1
Y-371	148	128.00±13.00 cdef	22.33±0.58 def	4.57±1.25 abcd	2.40±0.53 bcd	11.55±2.50 bcd	16.00±7.00 abcd	2.69±0.13 fgh	39.41±18.88 bcde	1
Y-372	148	87.67±31.50 n	16.67±2.08 klm	4.83±0.15 abcd	1.93±0.12 def	6.88±2.05 i	10.00±4.58 bcde	2.58±0.29 ghi	7.54±5.79 ef	1
Y-373	149	92.33±3.06 mn	17.33±2.08 jkl	4.00±0.50 bcd	2.83±1.15 abcd	8.93±0.63 efg	5.33±1.15 f	2.43±0.33 hij	19.79±9.34 def	4
Y-374	149	119.17±1.26 cdef	19.33±6.11 ijkl	3.57±0.40 bcd	1.83±0.76 def	9.98±0.98 cde	7.33±1.15 def	3.12±0.14 abcd	23.02±2.02 def	2
Y-376	149	140.17±29.54 abcd	25.67±3.79 cde	4.17±0.58 bcd	2.17±0.77 cde	13.06±2.54 abcd	13.00±5.57 bcde	3.23±0.11 abcd	26.94±19.78 def	1
Y-377	155	132.17±16.62 cdef	25.33±2.52 cde	4.83±1.04 abcd	2.83±0.77 abcd	11.12±1.29 bcd	10.67±2.08 bcde	2.91±0.01 bcd	30.00±2.59 def	1
Y-378	149	124.00±7.21 cdef	20.67±0.58 ghij	4.00±0.50 bcd	2.33±0.29 bcd	12.33±1.57 abcd	9.33±1.53 cde	2.88±0.23 bcd	29.95±16.53 def	2
Y-379	149	114.67±22.85 def	19.33±2.08 ijkl	4.00±1.00 bcd	1.67±0.58 efg	8.65±0.97 fgh	10.00±4.36 bcde	3.09±0.33 abcd	36.15±6.82 bcde	2
Y-380	155	134.00±19.70 cdef	25.67±6.66 cde	3.33±0.29 cdef	1.50±0.50 fgh	10.51±1.10 cde	9.33±2.52 cde	3.42±0.25 ab	31.05±22.41 cde	2
Y-381	155	122.83±24.39 cdef	32.17±4.91 abc	3.67±0.58 bcd	2.47±0.50 abcd	13.15±4.44 abcd	9.00±1.00 cde	3.56±0.17 a	38.39±7.78 bcde	6
Y-383	155	145.67±3.06 abcd	24.33±1.53 cde	3.17±1.04 def	1.67±0.58 efg	13.47±1.34 abcd	14.67±3.79 bcde	2.73±0.03 fgh	49.51±15.06 bcde	5
Y-384	149	131.83±12.85 cdef	29.33±5.69 bcde	4.17±0.29 bcd	2.50±0.87 abcd	9.98±2.47 cde	10.00±2.00 bcde	3.03±0.34 abcd	10.34±4.60 ef	1
Y-385	155	148.33±2.08 abcd	29.67±4.73 bcde	3.93±0.80 bcd	2.77±0.23 abcd	12.80±1.72 abcd	16.00±7.81 abcd	2.85±0.42 cde	27.44±10.92 def	2
Y-387	149	135.00±5.29 def	31.67±1.53 abcd	5.17±0.77 abc	3.00±0.00 abcd	10.41±0.25 cde	7.33±2.52 def	3.57±0.19 a	20.53±18.18 def	5
Y-389	123	123.00±7.81 cdef	18.67±7.02 ijkl	3.67±0.29 bcd	2.00±0.50 def	9.97±0.86 cde	9.67±0.58 bcd	2.67±0.52 fgh	18.47±0.41 def	5
Y-390	149	123.67±7.23 cdef	26.33±2.31 cde	4.67±0.77 abcd	2.00±0.50 def	10.75±2.25 cde	10.67±3.06 bcde	3.41±0.22 abc	24.40±12.16 def	2
Y-391	155	136.00±2.00 bcd	20.50±0.87 ijkl	4.00±0.50 bcd	2.90±0.12 abcd	10.02±0.98 cde	10.33±4.04 bcde	3.34±0.80 abcd	14.06±7.82 def	5
Y-392	141	111.00±18.52 efg	39.17±9.31 a	4.07±0.60 bcd	1.90±0.36 def	8.83±1.87 efg	6.33±4.04 ef	3.14±0.31 abcd	24.12±7.46 def	5
Y-393	155	105.00±4.00 ijk	24.83±3.40 cde	3.70±0.20 bcd	2.30±0.30 bcd	10.15±0.63 cde	8.67±2.52 cde	3.30±0.06 abcd	21.94±2.53 def	2
Y-394	149	139.67±4.51 abcd	37.33±7.23 ab	5.17±1.89 abc	2.83±0.77 abcd	13.33±0.74 abcd	9.00±1.00 cde	3.38±0.13 abcd	46.71±18.68 bcde	4
Y-395	155	151.83±7.52 abc	31.33±2.08 abcd	5.00±1.00 abcd	2.67±0.76 abcd	15.57±4.61 ab	15.00±7.00 bcde	2.91±0.24 bcd	65.76±79.75 bcd	5
Y-404	155	124.33±10.69 cdef	26.67±9.07 cde	3.33±2.44 cdef	2.23±1.99 cde	12.19±2.12 abcd	9.67±0.58 bcd	2.26±0.48 mno	54.35±35.77 bcde	5
Y-409	155	119.17±17.42 cdef	21.67±4.62 fgh	4.23±2.01 bcd	2.87±1.19 abcd	10.56±1.75 cde	6.00±1.00 ef	2.09±0.15 o	22.54±8.15 def	5

50份藜麦种质资源农艺性状的综合分析与评价

Comprehensive Analysis and Evaluation of Agronomic Characters of 50 Chenopodium Quinoa Germplasm Resources

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Metrics

性状Trait	数值Mean	标准差SD	最大值Max	最小值 Min	极差 Range	变异系数 CV/%	偏度 Skewness	峰度Kurtosis
生育期 Growth period/d	148.80	6.83	155.00	122.00	33.00	4.59	-2.56	8.09
株高 Plant height/cm	124.50	20.76	171.17	85.67	85.50	16.68	0.00	-0.45
主枝穗长 Main branch panicle length/cm	23.51	5.85	39.17	13.50	25.67	24.88	0.71	0.16
叶长Leaf length/cm	4.14	0.71	6.17	2.50	3.67	17.17	0.23	0.54
叶宽Leaf width/cm	2.44	0.56	3.83	1.33	2.50	23.04	0.34	-0.22
主茎直径 Main stem diameter/mm	11.10	2.20	16.42	6.88	9.54	19.81	0.22	-0.28
单株有效穗数 Effective panicles per plant	11.41	3.88	24.00	4.00	20.00	33.97	0.56	1.20
千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	2.97	0.38	3.75	2.09	1.67	12.88	-0.21	-0.05
单株粒重 Grain weight per plant/g	38.51	24.10	122.83	7.01	115.82	62.59	1.50	2.51

指标 Index	生育期 Growth period	株高 Plant height	主枝穗长 Main branch panicle length	叶长 Leaf length	叶宽 Leaf width	主茎直径 Main stem diameter	单株有效穗数 Effective panicles per plant	千粒重1 000-grain weight
株高 Plant height	0.244
主枝穗长 Main branch panicle length	0.122	0.385^**
叶长Leaf length	0.035	0.532^**	0.254
叶宽Leaf width	0.063	0.343^*	0.141	0.767
主茎直径 Main stem diameter	0.195	0.718^**	0.439^**	0.377^**	0.320^*
单株有效穗数 Efective panicles per plant	-0.086	0.404^**	-0.078	0.292^*	0.185	0.534^**
千粒重 1 000-grain weight	-0.035	0.162	0.319^*	0.247	0.166	0.036	0.136
单株粒重 Grain weight per plant	0.000	0.294^*	0.257	0.251	0.214	0.606^**	0.568^**	0.085

指标 Index	主成分 Principal component
指标 Index	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4
生育期 Growth period	0.175	0.240	0.667	-0.437
株高 Plant height	0.798	0.058	0.228	-0.119
主枝穗长 Main branch panicle length	0.493	0.378	0.436	0.470
叶长Leaf length	0.731	0.375	-0.398	-0.227
叶宽Leaf width	0.617	0.392	-0.450	-0.352
主茎直径 Main stem diameter	0.840	-0.263	0.292	-0.029
单株有效穗数 Efective panicles per plant	0.604	-0.608	-0.245	0.041
千粒重 1 000-grain weight	0.303	0.406	-0.182	0.662
单株粒重 Grain weight per plant	0.646	-0.503	0.021	0.189
特征值Eigenvalue	3.406	1.355	1.227	1.078
贡献率 Contribution rate/%	37.846	15.059	13.632	11.982
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%	37.846	52.905	66.536	78.518

性状 Trait	主成分 Principal component
性状 Trait	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4
X₁：生育期 Growth period	0.051	0.177	0.543	-0.406
X₂：株高 Plant height	0.234	0.043	0.186	-0.110
X₃：主枝穗长 Main branch panicle length	0.145	0.279	0.356	0.436
X₄：叶长 Leaf length	0.215	0.277	-0.325	-0.210
X₅：叶宽 Leaf width	0.181	0.289	-0.367	-0.326
X₆：主茎直径 Main stem diameter	0.247	-0.194	0.238	-0.027
X₇：单株有效穗数 Effective panicles per plant	0.177	-0.449	-0.200	0.038
X₈：千粒重 1 000-grain weight	0.089	0.300	-0.148	0.614
X₉：单株粒重 Grain weight per plant	0.190	-0.371	0.017	0.175

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