Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of combined application on selenium（Se） and phosphorus（P） fertilizer on selenium uptake， translocation and organic selenium species in grains of winter wheat， a wheat cultivar‘Zhengmai 379’was chosen as the test material. A pot experiment with 3 P levels of 0（P₀）， 80（P₈₀） ，160 mg·kg^-1（ P₁₆₀） and 2 Se levels of 0（Se₀）， 1 mg·kg^-1（Se₁） were set. A total of 6 treatments （P₀Se₀， P₈₀Se₀， P₁₆₀Se₀， P₀Se₁， P₈₀Se₁， P₁₆₀Se₁， respectively） were used to analyze the yield， P and Se concentration， accumulation in each part of winter wheat， transport coefficient and Se species in grain. The results showed that the yield of winter wheat was significantly increased by the combination application of P and Se， and the highest yield of winter wheat was 46.25 g·pot^-1 under P₈₀Se₁ treatment. Se application could significantly reduce the P content and accumulation of each part of the winter wheat， but increase the P migration coefficient of glume to grains under P₈₀ and P₁₆₀ treatments. Each part of the winter wheat had high Se concentration under P₀Se₁ treatment. P application reduced the Se concentration of each part of the winter wheat and the Se migration coefficient of root to stem leaf， but increased Se accumulation in grains as well as in whole plant. Besides grain， each tissue as well as in whole plant had high Se accumulation under P₈₀Se₁ treatment. Se application increased the Se migration coefficient of glume to grain and the proportion of total Se accumulated in the grains and roots of winter wheat under P₈₀ and P₁₆₀ treatment， but decreased the ratio of total Se accumulated in glumes. The analysis on selenium species showed that Se application increased the organic Se concentration in the grains， Se in winter wheat grains was mainly in the organic form including selenocystine and selenomethionine. Selenomethionine and inorganic Se concentration in grains decreased with the increasing P application. Therefore， appropriate P combined with Se application enhanced grain yield of winter wheat， promoting the transfer of selenium in the winter wheat to the grain， increased Se accumulation and organic Se concentration of grain under P₈₀Se₁ treatment. The results provided guidance for rational application of phosphorus fertilizer and selenium fertilizer in selenium-enriched wheat production.

Key words: phosphorus, selenium, uptake, translocation, se chemical forms of grain, winter wheat

摘要：

为探讨磷（P）硒（Se）配施对冬小麦硒吸收、转运和籽粒有机硒的影响，以冬小麦品种‘郑麦379’为材料进行盆栽试验，设置0（P₀）、80（P₈₀）、160 mg·kg^-1（P₁₆₀）3个磷肥水平和0（Se₀）、1 mg·kg^-1（Se₁）2个硒水平，采用完全交互设计，共6个处理（P₀Se₀、P₈₀Se₀、P₁₆₀Se₀、P₀Se₁、P₈₀Se₁、P₁₆₀Se₁），测定冬小麦产量、植株各部位磷硒含量、累积量、迁移系数及籽粒硒形态。结果表明，磷硒配合施用能显著提高冬小麦产量，P₈₀Se₁处理下冬小麦产量最高，达46.25 g·盆^-1。施硒显著降低了P₈₀和P₁₆₀水平下冬小麦各器官磷含量和累积量，但增加了颖壳向籽粒的磷迁移系数。冬小麦各器官硒含量的最高值均出现在P₀Se₁处理。施磷降低了冬小麦各器官硒含量及根系向茎叶的硒迁移系数，但显著提高冬小麦籽粒以及整株硒累积量。除籽粒外，冬小麦各部位及整株硒累积量最高值均出现在P₈₀Se₁处理。施硒增加了颖壳向籽粒的硒迁移系数及P₈₀和P₁₆₀水平下硒在籽粒、根系中的占比，但降低了硒在颖壳中的占比。硒形态分析显示，施硒提高了冬小麦籽粒中有机硒含量，且籽粒中有机硒主要以硒代蛋氨酸和硒代胱氨酸存在；施磷显著降低硒代蛋氨酸和无机硒含量。综上，适宜的磷硒配施可提高冬小麦产量，有利于促进冬小麦中硒向籽粒的转运，增加籽粒硒累积量和有机硒含量，以P₈₀Se₁处理为宜。研究结果为富硒小麦生产中磷肥与硒肥的合理施用提供指导。

关键词: 磷, 硒, 吸收, 转运, 籽粒硒形态, 冬小麦