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Principles of Microbial Electrochemical Technology and Its Application in the Recycling of Livestock and Poultry Wastes Kunhong JIANG, Zhenying XU, Zhenzhen GUO, Lin BAI, Xiaoxia HAO, Dongmei JIANG, Shixiu QIU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (7): 210-222.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1053 Abstract （273）   HTML （3）    PDF （1655KB）（1608）       Knowledge map    Save The environment has been under great pressure as a consequence of the livestock waste discharged in the course of intensive production of livestock and poultry farming. By studying the elemental theory of respiratory metabolism， comprised of small molecule acid metabolism of Geobacter sulfurreducens， the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of Shewanella oneidensis， as well as extracellular electron transfer directly contacted and mediated by electrically conductive pili and electron shuttle substances， the central carbon metabolism pathway， basic extracellular electron transport process and main regulatory mechanisms of model electroactive microorganisms were examined. Owing to insights into the respiration and metabolism of electroactive bacteria， a variety of microbial electrochemical systems （MES） mainly based on microbial fuel cell， microbial electrolytic cell and electric-field-assisted aerobic compost had been developed and optimized. Not only MES were employed to reduce contents of hazardous substances including chemical oxygen demand， greenhouse gases， antibiotics and resistance genes， but they were also used to improve power generation efficiency， cathode high value-added products and humus contents of compost. The research progress of microbial electrochemical theory and thoroughly demonstrates the application of microbial electrochemical technology in the recycling of livestock and poultry waste were reviewed， so as to provide reference and theoretical foundation for the study of livestock waste utilization. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Whole Genome Sequencing of Multi-drug Resistant Escherichia coli and Its Drug Resistance Analysis Haili LI, Yindi XU, Zhifang WANG, Wenhao ZHU, Lixian ZHANG, Chunjiang MA Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (6): 113-121.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0169 Abstract （496）   HTML （4）    PDF （4555KB）（895）       Knowledge map    Save In order to understand colistin resistance genes carried by Escherichia coli， screen sensitive plant drugs， and solve the dilemma of multiple drug resistance and no drug option in animal clinic， the resistance genes of Escherichia coli were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 78 antibiotics were detected， and the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of 4 kinds of natural plant extracts （palmatine， berberine， baicalin and macleaya cordata） were tested. The results showed that 145 strains of E.coli were isolated and identified from intestinal tract of swine clinical diarrhea cases in 2021 （from January to December） and 2022 （from January to June）， and a clinical strain carrying colistin resistance genes （mcr-4，mcr-5） and β-lactamases blaTEM and AmpC was identified， which named HN2149. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 78 antibiotics showed that the HN2149 strains was sensitive to cefepime， cefodizime， fosfomycin， cefixime， meropenem， cefoxitin， cefazolin， cefoperazone， cefotaxime， ceftazidime， cefuroxime， ceftriaxone， aztreonam， piperacillin-tazobactam， ticacillin/clavulanic acid， cefoperazone sulbactam， ceftazidime/clavulanic acid， cefotaxime/clavulanic acid， ceftizoxime， cefmetazole， cefetamet， and was resistant to 57 antibiotics. The drug sensitivity of 4 plant extracts showed that the macleaya cordata had the best bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect on HN2149 strain， while the other 3 extracts had no effects on HN2149 strain. Above results provided reference for the prevention and control of swine colibacillosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Active Ingredients and Action Mechanism of Agricultural Plant Jiaosu Bing LI, Xiumin ZHU, Dai LI, Junxia DU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (7): 156-165.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0660 Abstract （344）   HTML （2）    PDF （618KB）（752）       Knowledge map    Save Agricultural plant Jiaosu is a product containing specific bioactive ingredients which is derived primarily from plants through microbial fermentation. It could be applied in agriculture， animal husbandry and soil improvement. Agricultural plant Jiaosu plays significant roles in enhancing crop yields， soil quality and pest resistance， making it a key player in the establishment of green ecological agriculture. In this paper， the classification， characteristics and various effective components of agricultural plant Jiaosu were briefly introduced； the positive effects on crop yield increase， antibacterial properties， soil enhancement and environmental protection of agricultural plant Jiaosu were summarized； the mechanisms were analyzed， the existing issues were identified， and the future development of agricultural plant Jiaosu was discussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and Expression Analysis of Wheat TaCOBL- 5 Genes Xinyue BAO, Hongmin CHEN, Weiwei WANG, Yimiao TANG, Zhaofeng FANG, Jinxiu MA, Dezhou WANG, Jinghong ZUO, Zhanjun YAO Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (6): 11-21.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0172 Abstract （291）   HTML （22）    PDF （3595KB）（628）       Knowledge map    Save Wheat yield directly impacts food security in China， but various abiotic stresses such as drought， low temperature， salt and high temperature severely constrain wheat production. In previous analysis， transcriptomic data revealed differential expression of wheat TaCOBL-5D under multiple abiotic stresses. TaCOBL-5D and its homologous genes TaCOBL-5A and TaCOBL-5B were cloned and obtained， and the comprehensive bioinformatics and expression pattern were analyzed. The results showed that TaCOBL-5 genes exhibited significant conservation in gene structure， protein tertiary structure， conserved domains， and promoter regulatory elements with COBL genes from other species. TaCOBL-5 genes exhibited the highest expression level in roots and responded differently to various abiotic stresses， especially significantly down-regulated under drought stress， indicating its importance under drought stress； it also showed different responses to low temperature， high temperature， and salt stress. In addition， the expression level of the TaCOBL-5D gene varied significantly among different drought-resistant and high-temperature-resistant materials， further suggesting its important role in stress resistance. These findings laid the foundation for further understanding of the function of COBL genes in wheat and provided scientific support for wheat breeding efforts aimed at enhancing stress tolerance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Differential Seed Metabolites Before and After Stratification of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance Yongfang ZHANG, Shiyan DONG, Jiaxuan WANG, Xuhu GUO, Chang ZHANG, Yanxing WANG, Yuye WANG, Jingfeng WU, Tianfang BAO, Hongfa ZHANG, Ping YU, Fuheng LI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (7): 37-49.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0183 Abstract （205）   HTML （4）    PDF （4918KB）（554）       Knowledge map    Save In order to deeply explore the seed dormancy mechanism of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance， the different metabolites of non-lamellarized seeds （NS） and germination seeds after lamellarization （GS） were analyzed by GC-TOF/MS （gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry）. The results showed that a total of 995 metabolites were detected， and there was a clear separation between NS and GS. There were 126 differential metabolites， among which 75 were extremely significant differential metabolites including 35 up-regulated and 40 down-regulated expressions. The metabolic pathways of the extremely significant differential metabolites were analysed and 10 key metabolic pathways were identified. The results of the chord diagram analysis showed that the lipids （including lipid-like molecules） was extremely significantly positive correlaed with benzenoids， while the benzenepropanoids （including polyketides） was extremely significantly negative correlation with organoxides. Above results provided theoretical basis of metabolomics for exploring the post-maturation germination of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance seeds， and researching the post-maturation and dormancy mechanisms of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance seeds. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Improved YOLOv5 Model in Citrus Recognition in Natural Environment Jun TIE, Jie ZHAO, Lu ZHENG, Lifeng WU, Bowen HONG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (7): 111-120.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0994 Abstract （252）   HTML （13）    PDF （5892KB）（496）       Knowledge map    Save Green citrus in complex natural environment had different growth forms and similar color to the background color， so a detection method based on hybrid attention mechanism and improved YOLOv5 model was proposed to effectively identify green citrus. Firstly， the method improved the network structure of YOLOv5 by adding a hybrid attention mechanism in the backbone network etc.， embedding SE （squeeze and excitation） attention in layer 2 and CA （coordinate attention） attention in layer 11 of the backbone network； secondly， it improved the feature fusion structure of the network model， the lower branch was placed before the model C3 module， by combining the YOLOv5 model and concat feature fusion operation，and then the features were fused with another upper branch； finally， the classification loss function of the model was improved， and the classification loss function of the YOLOv5 model was changed to Varifocal Loss function to enhance the extraction of green citrus feature information and improve the accuracy of green citrus detection. According to the natural environment and the characteristics of the citrus itself， the self-built dataset was classified and 3 sets of comparison tests of citrus under different classification scenarios were designed to verify its effectiveness. The test results showed that the improved YOLOv5-SC model had higher precision and better robustness for the recognition of green citrus in natural environment， which accuracy was 91.74%， average accuracy was 95.09%， and F1 was 89.56%， and it provided technical support for smart picking of green fruits. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening， Identification and Biocontrol of Bacteria Degrading Ginseng Phenolic Acid Autotoxic Substances Yongjun XIE, Xiaozhuo PAN, Fuhui CHEN, Kaibo YIN, Jiayue JIN, Yibing WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (7): 147-155.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0651 Abstract （213）   HTML （6）    PDF （2394KB）（384）       Knowledge map    Save with the increase of ginseng planting years， the accumulation of autotoxic substances in the soil results in the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles， which significantly impeding the robust advancement of ginseng cultivation. The biodegradation of autotoxic compounds in the soil is as an effective strategy to mitigate the continuous cropping obstacles. The bacteria degrading phenolic acid autotoxic substances were isolated and identified from the ginseng rhizosphere soil. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing along with physiological and biochemical experiments， the degradation strains were classified and identified. The degradation rate was assessed through UV spectrophotometry， while the culture conditions were refined through a single-factor experiment. The biocontrol of degradation strains on ginseng seeds with phenolic acid stress was investigated. The results showed that 10 strains of bacteria capable of degrading autotoxic substances were isolated from the inter-root soil of ginseng， predominantly belonging to the genus Pseudomonas. Preliminary degradation experiments indicated that strain S1 exhibited the highest degradation rate on salicylic acid， reaching 65.32%， and was identified as Burkholderia. The results of single-factor experiment indicated that the degradation rate of strain S1 was 88.58% with calcium nitrate as the nitrogen source， cultivation temperature of 30 ℃， and 500 mg·L-1 autotoxic substances， which was higher than before optimization. Strain S1 could alleviate the inhibitory impact of salicylic acid on the growth of ginseng seeds， achieving a growth promotion efficiency of 12.56%. In conclusion， the Burkholderia S1 strain isolated from soil exhibited a commendable biocontrol effect， which had promising application value for mitigating continuous cropping obstacles. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multidimensional Evaluation and Optimization of High Temperature Short Time Process of Astragalus membranaceus Xiaoyu SHI, Lianqing JIAO, Min YU, Yixin TIAN, Anni JIAO, Yilin LUAN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (7): 223-233.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1049 Abstract （211）   HTML （1）    PDF （1434KB）（270）       Knowledge map    Save In order to optimize the high temperature short time （HTST） process parameters of Astragalusmembranaceus and investigate the effects on the quality of Astragalusmembranaceus from many angles， based on the criteria importance though intercrieria correlation （CRITIC） method， orthogonal design was used to optimize the sterilization process parameters of Astragalusmembranaceus. The sterilization temperature， sterilization time and fineness of pulverization of the medicinal materials were inspected， and the sterilization rate， the content of 5 compounds and the free radical clearance rate of 1，1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH·） were determinated.The effects of sterilization on the 3 indexes were evaluated by intuitive and variance analysis. The structure of common peaks was confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS）. Partial least square regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between flavonoids and antioxidant activity of common peaks. The results showed that the sterilization temperature was a significant factor （P<0.05）. The optimal sterilization process parameters were determined as： sterilization temperature （170±2） ℃， sterilization time 5 s， fineness of pulverization 50 mesh. The microbial standard test of the 3 batches of samples after sterilization according to the optimized process all met the requirements of Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. The contents of 5 compounds and DPPH? clearance rate had no significant change compared with that before sterilization. The similarity of fingerprints before and after sterilization was greater than 0.900， and the correlation results of spectral dynamic analysis were basically consistent with the experimental results and structural characteristics of the compounds. In conclusion， high temperature short time had obvious killing effect on microorganism in Astragalus membranaceus， but had no obvious effect on their quality， indicating that this method was suitable for the sterilization of Astragalus membranaceus. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Analysis and Evaluation of Agronomic Characters of 50 Chenopodium Quinoa Germplasm Resources Yanhong ZHANG, Zhanbin GUO, Ruixiang LIU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (6): 45-54.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0883 Abstract （233）   HTML （9）    PDF （974KB）（251）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen high-quality quinoa germplasm suitable for Hohhot area， 50 quinoa germplasm resources were selected as experimental materials， and their agronomic characters were comprehensively analyzed and evaluated by correlation analysis， principal component analysis and cluster analysis，through observing their growth period， plant height， main stem diameter， leaf length， leaf width， effective panicles per plant， main branch panicle length， grain weight per plant， 1 000-grain weight and spike color etc. The results showed that there were abundant variations in the agronomic characters of quinoa， and the coefficient of variation ranged from 4.59% to 62.59%； the grain weight per plant was significantly positively correlated with the main stem diameter and effective panicles per plant（P<0.01），and significantly positively correlated with the plant height（P<0.05）； 4 principal components were selected by principal component analysis， and the cumulative contribution rate was 78.518%. Q-type cluster analysis was carried out on 50 quinoa germplasm resources by class average method. When the distance between classes was 5， the tested quinoa germplasm resources were divided into 6 groups. Class Ⅰ germplasm was abundant， class Ⅱ could be used as landscape germplasm resources， class Ⅲ could develop high-quality forage resources. class Ⅳ could continue to be planted for screening tests， class Ⅴ was high-yielding quinoa germplasm， class Ⅵ was dwarf and small quinoa germplasm material. The research results provided theoretical basis and material support for quinoa high-quality germplasm breeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development Status of Pre-prepared Poultry Meat Dishes Industry， Influencing Factors and Promotion Strategies of Its Quality and Safety Shenghai HUANG, Xiujun TANG, Xiaoxu JIA, Lina MA, Yinyin LIU, Yushi GAO Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (6): 133-140.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0543 Abstract （1467）   HTML （1）    PDF （519KB）（239）       Knowledge map    Save Pre-prepared poultry meat dishes plays an important role in improving people’s living standards， rural revitalization， standardization of the catering industry and high-quality development of the poultry industry. However， there are many unfavorable factors affecting the quality and safety during the production and consumption processes of pre-prepared poultry meat dishes. The factors that affect quality and safety in various aspects such as poultry breeding and slaughtering， processing and packaging， storage and transportation， sales and consumption of pre-prepared poultry meat dishes were analyzed. According to the establishment of poultry ecological breeding environment and input management， the construction of poultry slaughtering site and production management， the optimization of pre-prepared poultry meat dishes processing technology and the implementation of green label system， the selection of packaging materials and the application of packaging technology， the establishment of scientific management system and the application of information technology in storage and transportation， the improvement of sales management system and scientific guidance to consumers and so on， corresponding optimization strategies were proposed aiming to promote the improvements of quality and safety and the development of the pre-prepared poultry meat dishes industry， which provided a theoretical basis and model reference for rural revitalization， the solution of the problem of ‘agriculture， rural areas and farmers’， the development of poultry industry and catering industry， the needs of the people for a better life and the construction of ecological civilization. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Regulation Mechanism of Xylose Metabolism in Myceliophthora thermophila Meixin CHEN, Shuying GU, Jia LIU, Hao LIU, Jingen LI, Chaoguang TIAN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (12): 77-87.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0151 Abstract （114）   HTML （3）    PDF （2428KB）（219）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve xylose utilization efficiency of fermentation strains， the regulation mechanism of xylose metabolism in filamentous fungi Myceliophthora thermophila was investigated using genetic methods and transcriptomic techniques. The results showed that the transcription factor XlnR could positively regulate xylose metabolism and transport， as well as hemicellulase gene expression in M. thermophila， and was required for conidia germination under xylose conditions. Under xylose condition， the conidia of mutant ΔxlnR lost the ability to germinate， and the xylose utilization efficiency of mycelia was significantly decreased， while the xylose utilization efficiency was increased by 14.2% due to xlnR overexpression. Transcriptomic analysis showed that knockout of xlnR resulted in lower transcription levels of the genes involved in xylanolytic enzymes， xylose transporter， and xylose catabolic pathway. The global regulatory factor Cre-1 was an inhibitor of xylose and glucose metabolism. Disruption of cre-1 could significantly improve the utilization efficiency of xylose and glucose in M. thermophila. Meanwhile， the Cre-1 could directly inhibit the expression of xlnR and itself. The overexpression of xlnR and knockout of cre-1 made the xylose metabolic utilization efficiency increased by 100%. Above results provided a good starting strain for the establishment of the cell chassis for the efficient utilization of biomass. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Main Chemical Compounds Analysis of 9 White Tea Standard Samples Based on UPLC-MS/MS Technology Liqin CHEN, Ziwei ZHOU, Yawei CAI, Zhaohui ZHANG, Shengtao JIANG, Aikebaer Reheman, Yan CHEN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (12): 50-62.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0284 Abstract （112）   HTML （1）    PDF （2527KB）（207）       Knowledge map    Save To evaluate white tea products of different types and grades objectively and systematically， ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） technology was used to detect and analyze main chemical compounds such as catechins and theanine in white tea standard samples of different types and different grades of the same type， using Chinese white tea standard samples as the test material. The results showed that， with the decrease of grade， the overall “fragrance and flavor” gradually weaken， and the taste changes from clean and umami to clean and sweet， and then to mellow and thick. Compared with different grades of white tea， it was found that there was a significant positive correlation between the grades of white tea and arginine （Arg）， aspartic acid （Asp）， threonine （Thr）. Among them， Asp decreased with the decrease of grade， so Asp was the key main chemical compounds that determined the taste differences of different grades of Baihao Yinzhen， Baimudan， Gongmei and Shoumei. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） of main chemical compounds in samples of different types revealed that the variable importance projection （VIP） values of 12 compounds including alanine （Ala）， theanine （L-Thea）， histidine （His）， lysine （Lys）， as well as epicatechin gallate （ECG） and epigallocatechin gallate （EGCG）， were greater than or equal to 1.0. Analysis of main chemical compounds in samples of the same type with different grades revealed that characteristic main chemical compounds exhibited were proline （Pro）， His， L-Thea and phenylalanine （Phe）. Above results provided theoretical reference for the evaluation and analysis of the flavor quality of white tea products in China， and had reference value for the quality level discrimination of white tea products with different types and different grades of the same type. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Symptoms and Pathogen Identification of Ficus carica Bacterial Leaf Spot Disease in Fujian Mengting JI, Ling ZHU, Xiaohua LUO, Yuting ZHENG, Shun XIAO, Fangping HU, Xueqing CAI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (1): 147-154.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0546 Abstract （972）   HTML （0）    PDF （2145KB）（206）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the taxonomy of the pathogen causing a new bacterial leaf spot disease on fig （Ficus carica） in Fuzhou in 2020， diseased fig leaves were collected as test materials. The bacterial strains were isolated from the diseased leaves by streak plate method， and then the pathogenicity of the strains was determined by tobacco allergic reaction， spray inoculated fig leaves and Koch’s rule. The pathogen was identified based on morphological characteristics， physiological and biochemical determination， and phylogenetic tree analysis using partial sequences of 16S rDNA， gyrB and rpoD. The results showed that 10 bacterial strains were isolated and purified from the diseased leaves， healthy fig leaves demonstrated similar symptoms as the specimen collected from fields， and the identical morphological bacterial strains were re-isolated from diseased fig leaves. Thus， all of the bacterial strains were identified as the causal pathogens of bacterial leaf spot disease by Koch’s rule. The colony morphology was light yellow， round， and flat on the NA medium after 2 d of culture， and the gram staining reaction was negative. The bacterial strains could produce green water-soluble fluorescent on KB medium. The sequencing analysis based on 16S rDNA， gyrB and rpoD showed that the test strains were clustered with Pseudomonas cichorii； and the results of physiological and biochemical characteristics， Biolog phenotypes instrument， and specific primers were similar to the P. cichorii strain 5707， therefore the 10 isolated bacterial strains were identified as P. cichorii. It was the first report that P. cichorii could naturally cause the leaf spot disease in F. carica. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Anaerobic Digestion of Kitchen Waste on Biogas Microorganisms and Environment Jingwen QIANG, Wanqing WANG, Manyu TANG, Na ZHANG, Shuang WU, Wei HUA, Hengxuan SHAO, Yanling CHENG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (6): 159-169.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0626 Abstract （194）   HTML （3）    PDF （2362KB）（201）       Knowledge map    Save Kitchen waste can produce biogas through anaerobic digestion， achieving its reduction and recycling of renewable energy， and promote the development of the industry towards the “dual carbon” goal. The main hydrolytic acid-producing bacteria and various nutritive methanogens in the anaerobic digestion of food waste were summarized， and the influence of environmental factors on anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste in the process of bogging and the relationship between them and microbial activity were emphatically discussed. At the same time， based on the study on the whole life cycle of anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste， the impact of biogas production and application on the environment was analyzed. Finally， in view of the low efficiency of anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste， the prospect of system optimization was carried out to achieve the purpose of efficient recycling and high-value utilization of kitchen waste， so as to realize the transformation of energy structure and promote the green and low-carbon development of the city. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Risk Assessment and Influencing Factors Analysis of Chlorine Content in Tobacco Leaves in Tobacco Planting Areas Yue HUANG, Yanfen XIE, Xuanquan ZHU, Meng JIA, Ge WANG, Yuxiang BAI, Yu DU, Peng ZHOU, Yuting ZHAO, Hongqiong ZHU, Fan YANG, Zhiwen XIAO, Wenbo WANG, Zhipeng FANG, Jiabao HAN, Na WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (6): 206-213.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0061 Abstract （178）   HTML （4）    PDF （1794KB）（198）       Knowledge map    Save In order to further clarify the effect of environmental factors on the chlorine content of tobacco leaves in tobacco-growing areas and their possible influencing paths， the tobacco leaves， corresponding soil and irrigation water samples were collected from 7 townships in a tobacco-growing area in Yunnan in 2021. The chlorine content of tobacco leaves in tobacco-growing areas was systematically evaluated and its possible relationship with tobacco-growing soil and irrigation water was discussed. The results showed that there was a risk of excessive chlorine content in tobacco leaves， irrigation water and soil in this tobacco planting area. Among them， 28.79% of the chlorine content in tobacco leaves exceeded the standard of high-quality tobacco leaves. Mantel-Test analysis showed that the chlorine content of tobacco leaves was negatively correlated with the overall quality of tobacco leaves， and was closely related to the main physical and chemical properties of soil and the chlorine content of irrigation water. The structural equation model （SEM） analysis showed that the chlorine content of irrigation water had a very significant direct positive effect on the chlorine content of tobacco leaves （ the influence coefficient was 0.459）， and had a significant direct negative effect on the chemical properties of soil （the influence coefficient was 0.225）， while the physical properties of soil also had a very significant positive effect on chemical properties （the influence coefficient was 0.370）. In summary， there was a high risk of chlorine content exceeding the standard in this tobacco planting area. The chlorine content of irrigation water and soil physical properties might be important factors， which could cause the chlorine content of tobacco leaves to exceed the standard by affecting soil chemical properties and soil chlorine content， and ultimately reduce the quality of tobacco leaves. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Carbon Source with Different Bioavailability on Vermicomposting Lingwei KONG, Kongtan WANG, Liwen MAI, Yupeng WU, Xiongfei WANG, Zhaobi WANG, Jiacong LIN, Qinfen LI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (7): 199-209.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1026 Abstract （208）   HTML （2）    PDF （1919KB）（198）       Knowledge map    Save Traditional vermicomposting raw material formulation relies on mass ratio， volume ratio， or carbon nitroger ratio（C/N） formulation methods， which ignore the differences in bioavailable fractions of organic matter from different carbon sources and are irrational. To investigate the effects of different bioavailable carbon sources on the growth and reproduction of earthworms and carbon and nitrogen fixation of compost， this study conducted a 60 d vermicomposting experiment with a compound of cow manure （nitrogen source） and carbon source materials with low， medium and high bioavailability （pineapple peel residue， rice straw and tomato straw） at C/N 30. The results showed that the average daily increase of earthworms was up to 6.4 times. The highest humus content （15.11%） but the lowest total organic carbon fixation rate （39.63%） was found in the treatment with the easy-to-use carbon source pineapple peel residue； the highest total number of earthworms （385） and the highest total nitrogen fixation rate were found in the treatment group with the difficult-to-use carbon source tomato straw. The higher the proportion of carbon source waste with high bioavailability， the greater the earthworm weight gain； the higher the proportion of carbon source waste with low bioavailability， the higher it could promote earthworm reproduction； the total organic carbon fixation rate of earthworm manure after earthworm transformation ranged from 39.63% to 59.28%， and the total nitrogen fixation rate ranged from 65.04% to 95.59%. This study illustrated the effects of different carbon sources on earthworm production and carbon and nitrogen fixation， and provided a reference for the improvement of vermiculture and low-carbon solid waste composting process. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Effects of Medium and Trace Elements on Yield and Quality of Rice Liang SUN, Yi XU, Qin CAI, Jinghao GUO, Can ZHAO, Baowei GUO, Zhipeng XING, Zhongyang HUO, Hongcheng ZHANG, Yajie HU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (8): 9-19.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0141 Abstract （267）   HTML （25）    PDF （726KB）（192）       Knowledge map    Save As essential nutrients for rice growth and development， medium and trace elements are the components and activators of enzyme systems， and also participate in a series of important physiological processes， such as photosynthesis， respiration， hormone synthesis and disease defense， which play vital roles in the formation of yield and quality for rice. Therefore， the effects of the absorption， accumulation and metabolic pathways of medium and trace elements， such as magnesium， zinc， seleniumon and iron， on rice yield and quality were reviewed， the challenges faced by the medium and trace elements in rice cultivation were analyzed， and the importance of medium and trace elements and the research direction in sustainable agriculture in the future were discussed， which provided theoretical basis for achieving high yield and high quality of rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Tendency Characteristics and Empirical References on Development of International Hog Industry Chenyang LIU, Zengyong ZHU, Xiangfei XIN, Jimin WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (6): 1-10.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0773 Abstract （243）   HTML （1）    PDF （2095KB）（184）       Knowledge map    Save As China’s economy enters the stage of high-quality development， the development model of hog industry is facing an important transformation from focusing on expanding quantity to emphasizing improving quality. There is a need to make concerted efforts in various aspects such as stabilizing production and supply， risk prevention and control， improving quality and efficiency， and being environmentally friendly. Based on the analysis of the practical experiences formed during the development process of the hog industry in developed countries internationally， and combined with the actual development of China’s hog industry， the following suggestions were proposed to continue to promote the integrated development of the hog industry chain， fully leverage the supporting role of science and technology， further strengthen the capability to prevent and control epidemic diseases， vigorously promote a recycling agricultural production model that combines breeding with farming， and improve the hog industry and price regulation system，which provided a reference for promoting the transformation and upgrading of China’s hog industry and achieving high-quality development of the industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Shoot Pruning in Autumn on Buds Differentiation and Endogenous Hormones of Vaccinium Spp. in Greenhouse Shuhua HE, Zhixia HOU, Yajing WANG, Cai QIN, Ying JIANG, Xiaohan ZHANG, Yang LI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (6): 55-62.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0966 Abstract （185）   HTML （6）    PDF （1574KB）（151）       Knowledge map    Save Flower bud differentiation is the basis of blueberry flowering and fruiting. Pruning shoots in autumn is one of important measures in greenhouse blueberry cultivation and management， which can effectively regulate flower bud differentiation， but its regulation mechanism is still unclear. To investigate the effect of shoot pruning in autumn on flower bud differentiation and endogenous hormone content in flower bud of blueberry in greenhouse， in autumn， the healthy and erect branches of 5-year-old ‘M7’ blueberry trees were pruned in a sunlight greenhouse， and the unpruned treatment was used as control. On the basis of confirming the difference of flower bud differentiation of axillary buds of new shoots under 2 treatments， the contents of gibberellin （GA3）， auxin （IAA）， abscisic acid （ABA） and zeatin （ZT）， and the ratio of IAA/ABA and ABA/ZT in the axillary buds of unpruned and pruned shoots were analyzed. The results showed that， compared with unpruned shoots （control）， pruning significantly accelerated the process of flower bud differentiation of blueberry in greenhouse， and the number and percentage of flower buds were increased by 4 and 7 times， respectively， the diameter of flower bud increased by 78.26%. The content of GA3 in the upper buds of the pruned shoots decreased by 32.74% during the flowering induction period compared with that in the middle buds of the unpruned shoots， and then increased continuously during the floral organs primordium formation period， and significantly higher than the GA3 content in the upper and central bud in the unpruned shoots. The content of IAA in the upper buds of the pruned shoots was significantly higher than that in the middle buds of the unpruned shoots during flowering induction period， but significantly lower than that in the upper buds of the unpruned shoots， and significantly lower than that in the axillary buds of the middle buds of the unpruned shoots during the formation of the floral organs primordium. ABA was positively correlated with IAA during flowering induction of axillary buds in the upper buds of new shoots after pruning， and the ratio of ABA/ZT increased significantly at first and was significantly higher than that in the middle buds of unpruned shoots. The ratio of IAA/ABA was higher in the formation of floral primordium in the upper buds of pruned shoots than that in the middle buds of unpruned shoots. The shoot pruning in autumn could induce the flower bud differentiation and accelerate the flower bud differentiation of blueberry by decreasing the content of GA3 and ZT， increasing the content of IAA and maintaining high ratio of IAA/ABA. Above results provided a theoretical basis and technical support for exploring the mechanism of shoot pruning on the flower bud differentiation of blueberry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Diversity Analysis of 255 Maize Germplasm Resources Based on 10K SNP Chip Shan GAO, Xiaocui YAN, Nan WANG, Mengjie ZHANG, Youpeng LI, Wenda DIAO, Huijun DUAN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (8): 20-33.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0801 Abstract （322）   HTML （12）    PDF （2016KB）（148）       Knowledge map    Save Maize （Zea mays L.） is one of the world’s top three food crops and an important feed crop. Analyzing the agronomic phenotypic traits and genotypic genetic diversity of maize germplasm resources has important guiding significance for crop breeding and production. A natural population composed of 255 germplasm resources was used as the research material， and the genotyping was obtained by whole genome scanning using 10K SNP liquid chip. Phenotypic clustering and genetic diversity analysis were performed using VCF2PCA cluster and Mega11 software. The results showed that 14 139 high quality SNP sites were detected， which were distributed on 10 chromosomes of maize. The polymorphisms ranged from 0.05 to 0.50， with an average of 0.29. Polymorphism information content （PIC） varied from 0.04 to 0.38 with an average of 0.24. 104 SNPs with allele frequency difference were more than 0.30 between tropical and temperate populations. Through population genetic structure analysis， principal component analysis and cluster analysis， 255 samples were mainly divided into temperate and tropical subgroups. These results identified the genetic diversity and relationships among 255 germplasm resources from temperate and tropical maize， laying the foundation for subsequent maize germplasm improvement and innovation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Abundance-deficiency Index of Soil Available Phosphorus and Recommended Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Rates for Tomato in China Chunjiao MI, Hongren SUN, Jiping ZHANG, Yucai LYU, Yandi ZHANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (1): 222-232.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0268 Abstract （65）   HTML （1）    PDF （1035KB）（144）       Knowledge map    Save In order to provide an effective reference for phosphorus application in tomato upon soil testing， relevant experimental literatures on tomato fertilization were retrieved from database， and the abundance-deficiency index （ADI） of soil available P and the recommended phosphorus fertilizer application rate （RPFAR） for tomato in China were established by using “the piecemeal experiment data integration method” and “the new application formula of nutrient balance-soil fertility difference subtraction”. The results showed that the ADI of soil available P in open field for tomatoes in China from the first to sixth level were ≥296.9， 76.6~296.8， 19.8~76.5， 5.1~19.7， 1.3~5.0 and <1.2 mg·kg-1， respectively； the ADI of soil available P in facility for tomatoes in China from the first to sixth level were ≥298.4， 79.0~298.3， 20.9~78.9， 5.5~20.8，1.5~5.4 and <1.4 mg·kg-1， respectively； the ADI of soil available P in open field and facility for tomatoes in China from the first to sixth level were ≥313.0， 81.0~312.9， 20.9~80.9， 5.4~20.8， 1.4~5.3 and <1.3 mg·kg-1， respectively. When the phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency in current season in 15%~35% and the target yield of tomatoes in 45~195 t·hm-2， the RPFAR from the first to sixth level of soil phosphorus abundance-deficiency were 0， 13~130， 26~260， 39~390， 51~520 and 64~650 kg·hm-2. The recommended phosphorus application system for soil available P ADI of tomato in China was established， which provided a scientific basis for tomato soil testing and phosphorus application in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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International Comparison and Improvement Path Research of Beijing Seed Industry Science and Technology Innovation Ci CHEN, Jing GONG, Jiang ZHAO Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (7): 1-13.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1038 Abstract （251）   HTML （8）    PDF （1797KB）（136）       Knowledge map    Save Science and technology innovation is the key to develop seed industry. Beijing is one of the regions with science and technology foundation， concentrated innovation resources and active innovation subjects in China’s seed industry. This paper compared scientific and technological innovation of Beijing with developed countries from 4 aspects including germplasm resources， breeding technology， R&D mode and competitiveness of seed enterprises， and systematically analyzed the key problems that restricted the scientific and technological innovation of Beijing seed industry. This paper focused on scientific and technological innovation， and put forward some suggestions to promote the scientific and technological innovation of Beijing’s seed industry from the aspects of strengthening the protection and utilization of germplasm resources， taking joint research on key breeding technologies， deepening the reform of seed industry system， improving the policy support system for breeding innovation， and promoting the joint forces between ministries and municipalities. It was expected to provide reference for technological innovation of the national seed industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction of Anthocyanin Content in Perilla frutescens Leaves Based on RGB and CIELab Dongyu LIU-XU, Xiaoxiao GUO, Chenqing FU, Rui HAN, Guohui LI, Xiuping WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (7): 103-110.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0164 Abstract （214）   HTML （1）    PDF （1134KB）（134）       Knowledge map    Save In order to promote the breeding of Perilla frutescens varieties with high anthocyanin and guide the production management of Perilla frutescens under the stress of adversity， Perilla frutescens was as the research object， the field leaves were collected and taken photos with a digital camera. The image color of photo was analyzed by red green blue color space （RGB） and CIELab color space. And the relationship between color parameters and leaf anthocyanin content was analyzed for screening out color parameters with high correlation coefficient. Univariate regression inversion model was established， and finally the best predictive model of anthocyanin content in the leaves of Perilla frutescens was obtained. The results showed that in RGB color space， the normalized redness intensity （NRI） and normalized greenness intensity （NGI） had significant correlations with anthocyanin content， and the correlation coefficient of NGI was greater than that of NRI. When the contribution ratio of leaves front and leaves back was 2∶1， the correlation between NGI and anthocyanin content was the highest with the correlation coefficient 0.853 2. Compared with different models，it was found that the exponential model established with NGI as the independent variable had the best fitting effect with the correlation coefficient 0.838 1 and the coefficient of determination （R2） 0.755 0. In the CIELab color space， a* had the best correlation with anthocyanin content， and the correlation coefficient reached the maximum （0.735 6） when the contribution ratio of leaf front and leaf back was 2∶1. The power model based on a* had the best fitting effect，and the correlation coefficient and R2 were 0.743 8 and 0.679 8， respectively. The NGI model and a* model were respectively used to estimate the content of anthocyanin in leaves. After verification， it was found that the prediction effect of the a* model was better with higher accuracy and stability. Therefore， the model of a* was used as the best model to predict the content of anthocyanins in Perilla frutescens leaves. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and Functional Gene Detection of High -quality and Drought -resistant Wheat Germplasms Zhenyu XUE, Kangkang ZHANG, Yuanyuan ZHANG, Qiangqiang YAN, Lirong YAO, Hong ZHANG, Yaxiong MENG, Erjing SI, Baochun LI, Xiaole MA, Huajun WANG, Juncheng WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (1): 35-49.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0200 Abstract （92）   HTML （2）    PDF （2532KB）（123）       Knowledge map    Save In order to efficiently carry out the screening of excellent wheat germplasms， a total of 163 wheat germplasms were used as materials to analyze their high molecular weight glutenin subunit composition （HMW-GS）， drought resistance during germination and seedling stages，and high-quality drought resistant germplasms were slected. Known functional genes/loci of high-quality drought resistant germplasm resources were detected. The results showed that among the tested materials， 11 and 1 germplasms were identified to contain the combination 1/7+8/5+10 and N/14+15/2+12 of high-quality noodle， and 5 and 53 were identified to contain the combination 1/7+9/5+10 and N/7+8/2+12 of high-quality steamed bun subunits， respectively. After combining the comprehensive evaluation resuits of drought resistance during the germination and seedling stages， a total of 14 wheat germplasms with strong drought resistance were identified. In addition， based on the HMW-GS identification results of these 14 drought-resistant germplasms， 9 high-quality drought resistant germplasms were ultimately selected， namely Zhong 41-42， Longyu 5， Longmai 079， Lantian 31， 92-47， Mianmai 367， Xikemai 531， Tongmai 3 and Linhan 5322. After testing， these 9 high-quality drought resistant materials contained genes/loci that increase grain weight and resistance to Fusarium head blight， stripe rust and leaf rust. 6 germplasms contained gene Ppo2-D1 that enhanced polyphenol oxidase activity. 6 germplasms contained the semi-dwarf gene RHT-8， and only Longmai 079 contained drought resistant gene TaSINA-2. The above results provide excellent germplasms and necessary theoretical support for wheat breeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Rooting Reagents on Rooting of Miniature Potted Rose Cuttings Li MA, Tingting CAO, Youwei FAN, Zhiyu REN, Chun LIU, Suxia YUAN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (7): 50-60.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0987 Abstract （191）   HTML （5）    PDF （687KB）（118）       Knowledge map    Save Miniature potted rose has great ornamental value. At present， the industrialized production of miniature potted rose seedlings is low and the quality is uneven in the domestic cultivation and production， which seriously affects the commercial value of subsequent rose flowers. It is of great significance to study the cutting propagation technology of miniature potted roses to improve the quality of seedlings. To study the effects of different rooting reagent treatment on the growth and development of cutting seedling from 4 miniature potted rose varieties， different levels of Zhongshugenbao 201， indole-3-butyric acid （IBA）， 1-naphthlcetic acid （NAA）， 2，4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid（2，4-D） solution and combinations of reagents were set as treatments， and the water （CK1） and the company’s usual reagent （CK2， the rooting powder provided by Ziyu Flower Industry Co.， Ltd.） were used as controls. The root traits of cutting seedlings from 4 varieties were analyzed using principal component analysis， and the optimal rooting reagents treatment for cuttings was selected. The results showed that CK2 treatment had the best effect on promoting the growth and development of cutting seedling roots， and IBA and Zhongshugenbao 201 were followed. It was worth mentioning that most of the combination treatments of Zhongshugenbao 201 and IBA solution had good effects on the growth and development of cutting roots of 4 varieties， which were better than CK2， especially the combination of the 0.67 mL·L-1 Zhongshugenbao 201 and 1 500 mg·L-1 IBA， the root growth of cuttings in all tested varieties was excellent under this combination treatment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Classification and Evaluation of New Wheat Lines Based on GT Biplot Xianyin SUN, Qiuhuan MU, Yong MI, Guangde LYU, Xiaolei QI, Yingying SUN, Xundong YIN, Ruixia WANG, Ke WU, Zhaoguo QIAN, Yan ZHAO, Minggang GAO Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (7): 14-24.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0097 Abstract （224）   HTML （12）    PDF （2796KB）（117）       Knowledge map    Save In order to comprehensively and accurately evaluate the new wheat lines in drought-rich land experiment， 26 wheat lines participating in the National Dryland Group multi-point comparative experiment from 2020 to 2021 were selected as the materials. Multivariate statistical methods were used to analyze the changes of yield and quality traits under field conditions during the 2 years. The results showed that the 2-year variation coefficients of yield and quality traits of 26 new lines were 2.0%~74.2% and 2.1%~95.1%， respectively. The variation coefficients from high to low were stable time > wet gluten content > protein content > water absorption = yield per unit area > bulk density； correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between yield and quality traits in 2 years. The stable time was positively correlated with protein content and water absorption， but negatively with yield. The correlation coefficient between stable time and protein content was higher in 2 years. Based on the correlation analysis， 26 new wheat lines in 2 years were grouped into 4 categories by cluster method. The results of clustering were shown in Genotype by trait （GT） biplot and cluster plot， respectively. The clustering results were consistent with the actual performance of the new lines. ‘Taikemai 4835’ ‘Luohan 35’ ‘Nongda 162’ and ‘Shannong 611436’ were divided into the same type for consecutive 2 years， and these lines were characterized by high yield and good quality. Above results provided theoretical basis for the rational evaluation and popularization of the new wheat lines. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of Sugarcane Stem Node Growth Under Artificial Water Control and Natural Water Stress Yiyun GUI, Haibi LI, Qiang LIANG, Rongzhong YANG, Jinju WEI, Debin WEI, Wenjiao LI, Xihui LIU, Hui ZHOU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (7): 25-36.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0192 Abstract （201）   HTML （5）    PDF （1450KB）（113）       Knowledge map    Save In order to understand the effect of water stress on the internode length of sugarcane， 8 sugarcane varieties developed home and abroad with different drought tolerance were planted in barrels and in fields. Under the conditions of artificial water stress and natural rain-fed condition in fields， the plant height， stalk diameter and internode length of sugarcane were investigated during the harvest period. The results showed that， under the conditions of artificial water stress， drought caused 88% of sugarcane varieties to grow shorter， and the stem diameter of sugarcane decreased first and then increased （stem diameter of +13~+6 node） due to the artificial water stress and rehydration， and the internode length became significantly shorter and then increased. Under natural rain-fed condition infields， the plant heights of 8 sugarcane varieties in 2 test bases were 2.7~3.4 m in 2 years. Influenced by drought climate and other conditions， the relatively ideal sugarcane varieties judged by plant height were ‘ROC1’ ‘ROC22’ ‘GT21’ and ‘CP80-1827’. Compared with artifical water stress， natural drought led to the reduction of sugarcane stem diameter with the most details in +7 leaf stems， the internode length becomed shorter and the shortest internode appeared in +8 and +9 leaf stems. Under the conditions of artificial water stress， the varieties with strong drought tolerance showed the high internode water stress index （IWSI）and internode water stress recovery index （IWSRI）. While the varieties with strong drought tolerance showed the high IWSI and low IWSRI under natural rain-fed conditions in fields. In terms of recovery index， the normal internode length after drought rewatering was longer than that before drought， which showed that the moderate drought stimulated the growth of sugarcane. In general， water stress leaded to shorter plant height， smaller stem diameter and shorter internode length of sugarcane. The IWSI and IWSRI could be used to understand the growth difference of different sugarcane varieties stem nodes in response to water stress， and they could be as indexes to evaluate the drought tolerance of sugarcane varieties under drought conditions. The research on sugarcane drought tolerance could not completely rely on artificial water control to simulate drought， and the breakthrough research on sugarcane drought tolerance should focus on natural drought in field. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Processing Technology and Shelf Life of Red Matsutake Beef Sauce Lijun FU, Xiaoyu LIN, Jianhua LIN, Huinan SHEN, Yongzhen WU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (6): 148-158.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0975 Abstract （948）   HTML （0）    PDF （4519KB）（113）       Knowledge map    Save To optimize the optimal formula of red matsutake beef sauce， the response surface methodology was used to study the effects of the additions of red matsutake， soybean paste， millet pepper and potato starch on quality of red matsutake beef sauce. The shelf life was predicted by Arrhenius equation and kinetic equation based on peroxide value and acid value. The results showed that the optimal formula of red matsutake beef sauce obtained by response surface methodology was followed with 15.0% red matsutake， 37.4% soybean paste， 13.4% millet pepper， and 8.3% potato starch， the sensory score of red matsutake beef sauce was 91.23 under these conditions. Under different ambient temperatures （25， 37 and 45 ℃）， the total viable count， peroxide value and acid value of red matsutake beef sauce were positively correlated with storage time， while the sensory score showed a downward trend. The shelf life of red matsutake beef sauce was predicted to be 147 d at 25 ℃ based on peroxide value， and was 103 d at 25 ℃ based on acid value， so the shelf life model constructed based on acid value was more reliable. Above results provided theoretical support for high value utilization and shelf life prediction of red matsutake. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Content and Evaluation Methods of Ecological Upgrading of Well-facilitated Farmland Jiahao KANG, YE TIAN, Wuhan DING, Yang ZHANG, Hu LI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (10): 11-21.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0466 Abstract （174）   HTML （9）    PDF （619KB）（111）       Knowledge map    Save Developing the content and key technologies of well-facilitated farmland ecological upgrading， as well as establishing a specialized evaluation indicator system， are effective approaches to promote agricultural green upgrading and achieve high-quality development. This paper summarized the practical experience of local well-facilitated farmland ecological upgrading and reviewed existing research achievements. The ecological upgrading of well-facilitated farmland primarily encompassed 5 aspects of field， soil， water， road， forest， including the construction of ecological field blocks， cultivation of ecological soil， establishment of ecological irrigation and drainage systems， laying of ecological road networks， and construction of ecological protection networks. Meanwhile， by combining existing evaluation standards and practical work requirements， a comprehensive evaluation indicator system was developed， which was highly applicable， sensitive， distinctive and process-based， to assess the upgrading effects from 4 dimensions： resource efficiency， energy conservation and emission reduction， ecological conservation， and high-quality safety. Finally， suggestions were provided regarding innovative investment mechanisms， formulation of technical procedures， and establishment of evaluation standards to ensure the ecological upgrading of well-facilitated farmland. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and Performance of Cutting Depth Monitoring System for Sugarcane Harvester Cutter Fengguang HE, Zihong CHEN, Ganran DENG, Tenghui LI, Sili ZHOU, Guojie LI, Zhende CUI, Shuang ZHENG, Ling LI, Shuangmei QIN, Xiang WANG, Shaoying YANG, Deqiang ZHOU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (5): 101-109.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0110 Abstract （177）   HTML （2）    PDF （1406KB）（105）       Knowledge map    Save Cutting into soil is an important method to reduce the broken head rate of sugarcane harvester. In order to control the depth of the cutter automatically with the fluctuation of the ground and keep the consistency of the depth of the cutter， based on the 4GQ-1 sugarcane harvester， a monitoring and automatic control system for cutting depth of sugarcane harvester cutter was designed， which realizingautomatic control and parameter visualization of cutting depth， and the monitoring performance of the system was tested by indoor and field experiments. The indoor test results showed that the average monitoring precision of the monitoring system was 98.90%， the average of the automatic control precision was 97.7%， and the monitoring precision and the automatic control precision were over 95.0%. Under the condition of 20， 30 and 50 mm depth in field experiment， the average of automatic control accuracy of the monitoring system was 85.3%， 90.6% and 94.1%， respectively， and the automatic control accuracy was over 85.0%. The overall design of the monitoring system was reasonable， good performance. The results could be used as a theoretical basis for the research of cutting depth control system of sugarcane harvester， and had important reference significance for optimization and upgrading of sugarcane harvester. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discovering of QTLs and Candidate Genes Related to Rice Heading Period Traits Based on BSA-seq Ronghua WEI, Ming YIN, Wensheng WANG, Yanru CUI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (9): 12-24.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0216 Abstract （269）   HTML （20）    PDF （6935KB）（98）       Knowledge map    Save As one of the important traits of rice， rice heading date is closely related not only to the rice growth period but also to rice yield， quality and stress resistance， which determines the planting area and seasonal adaptability of rice varieties. Therefore， the location of rice heading date related genes plays an important role in rice production. In this study， HQ20， Jin 23B and their F4 population constructed were used as the materials. According to the heading stage of the rice in the population， it was divided into 3 levels including early， middle and green plant （not heading）， and 3 mixed pools of early， middle and green were constructed. The bulked-segregant analysis sequencing （BSA-seq） method was used to discover rice heading period genes. The results showed that the comparison rate between BSA-seq results and the reference genome was over 94%， and the 4× genome coverage rate was over 80%. Based on this， when the confidence level was 0.95， by SNP-index algorithm 17 SNPs located on 4 chromosomes （6， 7， 8 and 9） were obtained which had consistent association intervals with indel. Further analysis of candidate genes in the region found that 61 genes had non-synonymous mutations. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that pathways closely related to rice heading stage included UDP-glycosyltransferase activity， positive regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition， and phytohormone signal transduction. Finally， combining haplotype analysis in the 3K rice database and published expression data， 3 key candidate genes for heading stage were discovered including LOC_Os07g22720， LOC_Os07g23740 and LOC_Os08g07200. The above results laid the foundation for genetic improvement of rice heading period traits and analysis of genetic basis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial-temporal Pattern and Distribution Evolution of Grain Production in China Haoyu DENG, Chengmin LI, Jian CAO, Yulan SONG, Jian LIU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (9): 1-11.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0142 Abstract （201）   HTML （14）    PDF （3737KB）（95）       Knowledge map    Save Comprehensive examination of the differences in food production and the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics from the county scale is an important reference value for improving China?’?s grain production and guaranteeing food security issues. The spatio-temporal pattern and distributional dynamic evolution of China?’?s grain production were investigated based on data from 2 545 county scales from 2000 to 2020， using standard deviation ellipse， three-stage nested Theil index and stochastic Kernel density estimation etc methods. The results showed that， the overall level of China’?s grain production rose at a slow pace， the growth rate of food production showed an obvious fluctuating trend from 2000 to 2020， and China’?s grain production would remain stable but the growth rate of fgrain production would decline slightly over a long period of time in the future. In terms of spatial distribution pattern， the center of grain production in China was moving to the northwest， showing the directionality of northeast-southwest， and the development dispersion of southeast-northwest. In terms of spatial difference， the overall difference in China’?s grain production was showing an increasingly high level， and although the contribution rate of county difference in China’?s grain production had decreased from 49.94% to 29.51%， the county scale was still the most important source of the overall difference. Therefore， spatial differences were mainly dominated by county differences， followed by inter-provincial differences， inter-municipal differences and inter-regional differences， respectively. In terms of spatial effect， China?’?s grain production level showed a growing trend and the possibility of local convergence， and its spatial effect had continuity and had obvious positive correlation spatial effect under different time and county space. In coordination with the development trend and practical needs of China’?s regional economic structure transformation， the “double cycle” development pattern captured the differences in regional grain production resilience in detail， which was conducive to the formulation of reasonable and effective grain production policies tailored to the local conditions of each region， and was of great significance for steadily breaking through the grain production dilemma and coordinating grain production security. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Rice Quality in Anhui Province Wei YUE, Hui WANG, Xi CHEN, Xinchun ZHAN, Xinmin RUAN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (6): 141-147.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0538 Abstract （173）   HTML （4）    PDF （717KB）（95）       Knowledge map    Save In order to quantitatively evaluate the comprehensive characteristics of rice quality， the head yield， chalkiness， transparency， alkali spreading value，gel consistency，and amylose content were utilized as the indicators for rice quality evaluation， according to the industry standards of cooking rice variety quality， based on the quality data gathered from regional trials for mid-season indica rice and mid-season japonica rice in Anhui province from 2008 to 2021. The methods of classification assignment and linear weighted summation as well as computer numerical simulations were employed to clarify weight coefficients for each evaluation index of rice quality and construst the rice quality index （IRQ）for mid-season indica rice （IRQ1） and mid-season japonica rice （IRQ2）， and eventually determined the comprehensive rice quality evaluation method for mid-season indica rice and mid-season japonica rice. The results showed that the weight coefficients of the quality evaluation index for mid-season indica rice were 0.20 for head yield， 0.26 for chalkiness， 0.06 for transparency， 0.22 for alkali spreading value， 0.10 for gel consistency， and 0.16 for amylose content. In contrast，the weight coefficients mid-season japonica rice were 0.23， 0.28， 0.10， 0.08， 0.15， 0.16， respectively， among which chalkiness was the main factor affecting the quality of mid-season rice. For mid-season indica rice， the thresholds for rice quality index corresponded to the first， second， and third-grade high-quality rice as well as ordinary rice were： IRQ1≥3.94， 3.94> IRQ1≥3.47， 3.47> IRQ1≥3.17 and IRQ1<3.17. Whereas for mid-season japonica rice the thresholds for the quality index corresponded to the first， second， and third-grade high-quality rice as well as ordinary rice were： IRQ2≥3.82， 3.82> IRQ2≥3.33， 3.33> IRQ2≥3.04 and IRQ2<3.04. After conducting a thorough verification， this comprehensive evaluation method for mid-season Indica and Japonica rice quality yielded an average accuracy of 81.4% and 80.0% for multi variety sample testing in Anhui province. Furthermore，accuracy were 85.7% and 92.9% for a single variety of rice. For multi-variety sample testing in other provinces， accuracy rates consistently exceeded 80% which proved that this method could be used for quantitative evaluation of the comprehensive quality of mid-season indica and japonica rice in diferent areas. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bioinformatics and Expression Pattern Analysis of Rice RR Gene Family Mingdi CHEN, Guihua HU, Haiwen ZHANG, Wangtian WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (5): 20-29.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0190 Abstract （288）   HTML （4）    PDF （2703KB）（93）       Knowledge map    Save The rice response regulators （RR） family play important roles in plant growth and development， so it is important to explore the evolution and biological characteristics of the RR genes in rice. There were 22 RR genes in rice， including 15 A-type and 7 B-type genes. Analysis results showed that the rice RR proteins differed in their physicochemical properties， among which the B-type RRs were all hydrophilic proteins （GRAVY<0）； homologous sequence analysis revealed that there were 5 paralogous gene pairs in the rice RR genes， namely， OsRR8 and OsRR15， OsRR5 and OsRR11， OsRR9 and OsRR10， OsRR1 and OsRR2， and OsRR20 and OsRR18， which were predicted to have similar functions with known functional genes； the conserved Motif 1 and Motif 3 both belonged to the REC superfamily， which acted as response regulators to receive signals from the two-component phosphotransferase system， and they distributed among 22 OsRR proteins. The analysis of regulatory elements and expression pattern revealed that RR genes had potential ability in the regulating hormone signals transduction such as abscisic acid， salicylic acid， jasmonic acid， gibberellin， and growth hormone， and participated in plant defense against stress such as low temperature， drought， and light and anaerobic signals response， and also involved in the the regulation of different developmental processes of rice etc. functions. The bioinformatics analysis of rice RR gene family provided a theoretical basis for the in-depth study of their functions， and layed the foundation for further revealing the growth， development， and signal transduction mechanisms of plant. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial-temporal Pattern Evolution and Matching Analysis of Maize Production and Consumption in China Yan CAO, Yantao YANG, Guogang WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (5): 1-10.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0305 Abstract （205）   HTML （11）    PDF （1922KB）（90）       Knowledge map    Save Maize is the largest food crop in China， which has a profound impact on China’s food security. Based on the gravity center model， the moving direction， distance and moving speed of the center of gravity of maize production and consumption in China from 1999 to 2022 were calculated using geographic information system （GIS）， and the spatial matching of production and consumption were analyzed using the coupling model. Combined with natural， economic， political and other factors， the reasons for the change were studied. The results showed that the center of gravity of maize production in China moved from southwest to northeast from 1999 to 2022， moving 148.55 km to the northeast， with an average moving speed of 6.46 km·a-1. The center of gravity of corn consumption showed the general characteristics of circular change from southwest to northeast to southeast to southwest to northeast， and the stage characteristics were obvious. The coupling distance between the center of gravity of production and consumption showed the overall characteristics of rising first and then decreasing， but the increase was far greater than the decrease. The coupling distance changed from 471.02 km （1999） to 513.02 km （2022）， and the center of gravity coupling distance reached the maximum value of 557.91 km in 2013. Since 2020， the coupling distance between maize production and consumption had increased again， and the spatial matching had declined again， which had brought challenges to food security in the new era. Therefore， some suggestions were proposed， such as optimizing the corn regional interest coordination mechanism， building a multi-agent interest linkage mechanism and support policy system， optimizing the spatial pattern of maize regional production and consumption， and implementing regionally differentiated food policies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Understanding “Storing Grain in Technology” from the Perspective of Greater Food View Luyao WANG, Bingyou LU, Guangqing FU, Xiaoyan HE, Wanying ZHAO, Lili WANG, Xiaoming DENG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (12): 1-6.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0763 Abstract （197）   HTML （18）    PDF （448KB）（90）       Knowledge map    Save The “storing grain in technology” strategy focuses on grain and other bulk agricultural products， with an emphasis on ensuring arable land availability and the provision of essential technologies. This approach has significantly strengthened China’s resilience in grain production and has played a vital role in safeguarding national food security. With the continuous improvement of Chinese people’s demand for a better life， people’s pursuit of food security is gradually developing in the direction of diversification of types， diversification of nutrition and high-quality health protection. The big food outlook was introduced to meet this demand and should also be a new perspective for us to deeply understand “storing grain in technology”. Based on this perspective， the new implications， essential principles， and pathways of “storing grain in technology” in the new era were explored in this paper. It also proposed strategies for constructing 4 systems including covering food security， agricultural research support， and more，which aimed at providing a useful reference for implementing "storing grain in technology" in this period. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Food Security：Current Situation， Problem and Countermeasure Lixia CHEN, Jingze LIU, Lizhu WU, Yinzhu SHEN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (11): 7-14.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0336 Abstract （128）   HTML （8）    PDF （518KB）（88）       Knowledge map    Save Human is an important functional unit in the ecosystem and has producted great impact on the environment of the earth. With the rapid growth of population and unsustainable exploitation of natural resources during the process of social and economic development， the reduction of forest areas， land degradation， water scarcity， global temperature rise， and severe damage to biodiversity have occurred， leading to a significant decrease in crop yield and a growing food security problem. This paper introduced the current situation of food security issues and their main causes，also present various measures to address food security issues， such as promoting the development of green energy， reducing greenhouse gas emissions， adjusting research objectives and methods， advocating for diversified planting models， and improving food productivity. These sustainable development strategies aimed to collectively tackle the challenges of food security and achieve harmonious coexistence between humans and the earth， which was expected to provide reference for addressing food security issues. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reaearch on the Application of AI for Science in Agricultural Field Song FANG, Lihua JIANG, Jingjun CAO, Xiao WANG, Minghui QIU, Xiaoyi TIAN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (10): 1-10.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0473 Abstract （230）   HTML （9）    PDF （1713KB）（88）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years， artificial intelligence （AI）， driven by the three engines of algorithm， data and computing power， has developed rapidly， and achieved many remarkable achievements in frontier fields， such as AlphaFold3， nuclear fusion intelligent control， and novel coronavirus drug design. AI-driven scientific research （AI for Science， AI4S） has solved the bottleneck of scientific data analysis with high dimensions， large scale and span， and limited scientific experiments that restrict large-scale interdisciplinary scientific research activities， and promotes scientific research towards a new model with “platform collaboration” as the main feature. This paper reviewed the international situation of AI4S， the current development status of China’s smart agriculture and the practical dilemma， and combined literature， statistical data， and investigation case analysis to put forward the practical path to promote AI4S application in China’s agricultural development. AI4S would become a powerful engine to transform agricultural production from the traditional model of “looking at the sky， looking at the land and looking at the crops” to models such as intelligent perception， intelligent decision-making and visual management， and promote scientific research from the single-fighting “small farmer’s workshop” model to the platform scientific research of “Android model”. Researchers could share basic computing power， models， algorithms， databases and knowledge bases. On this platform， the research and development and application of the whole life cycle of the agricultural industry chain would be focused on， and scientific research innovation and application of results be accelerated through the “snowball effect”. Using artificial intelligence technology to realize digitalization， networking and intelligence of agricultural production， and support online iteration of theory-experiment. It is also necessary to improve the high-quality agricultural science digital resource system， appropriately advance AI key technologies and infrastructure， optimize the cross-innovation research ecology under the new paradigm， formulate agricultural data management norms， strengthen policy creation and supporting policy mechanisms to break through data barriers and to promote artificial intelligence + agriculture， and to strengthen agricultural science and technology innovation from the source. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and Application of AIS Data in Marine Fisheries Linlin YU, Wei FAN, Heng ZHANG, Yang DAI, Lijun WAN, Fei WANG, Yongchuang SHI, Shenglong YANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (5): 212-222.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0330 Abstract （308）   HTML （4）    PDF （563KB）（87）       Knowledge map    Save Against the backdrop of the global decline of major economic fisheries resources in the global oceans， how to protect and sustainably develop ocean fisheries resources has been highly valued by countries， regions， and organizations worldwide， and has been a hot research topic. Due to limitations of traditional marine fisheries data， it has been difficult to fully understand the catch footprint of distant fishing vessels and make effective monitoring and management. The global distant fishing vessel trajectory data provided by the automatic identification system （AIS） can be used to quantitatively analyze the behavior of individual to global fishing vessels， and the historical catch intensity spatial information uncovered can provide a good alternative data source for monitoring and management of marine fishing activities and assessment of ecological pressure， becoming a new hotspot in marine information and marine fisheries research in recent years. In order to promote the research and application of AIS data in China’s marine fisheries， the research contents and application status of AIS in recent years were summarized and introduced， the shortcomings of AIS data research at present and potential research methods in the future pointed out， which provided a reference for the research and application of AIS in marine fisheries. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Performance Evaluation Index System for Management Positions in Agricultural Research Institutes Guanghao CUI, Zhifang CHEN, Jianzhong LU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (5): 11-19.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0178 Abstract （199）   HTML （8）    PDF （951KB）（86）       Knowledge map    Save The managerial positions in agricultural research institutes constitute an indispensable force， playing a significant role in promoting agricultural technological innovation and development. Aming at the pressing need for performance assessment of managerial roles in agricultural research institutes， this paper conducted a thorough analysis of relevant national policies and the requirements of managing research institutions.Based on the nature of agricultural research institutes and the specific characteristics， systematic analysis and expert interviews were employed to identify key performance evaluation indicators. The importance of each level of indicators and the degree of consensus among experts were verified， and a comprehensive performance assessment index system for managerial positions within agricultural research institutes was established. This system comprised of 4 primary indicators， 13 secondary indicators， and 25 tertiary indicators. Furthermore， the analytic hierarchy process and questionnaire surveys were utilized to determine the weights of the index system. The results offered valuable insights and guidance for the formulation of performance evaluation and related policies for managerial positions within agricultural research institutes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics