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Principles of Microbial Electrochemical Technology and Its Application in the Recycling of Livestock and Poultry Wastes Kunhong JIANG, Zhenying XU, Zhenzhen GUO, Lin BAI, Xiaoxia HAO, Dongmei JIANG, Shixiu QIU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (7): 210-222.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1053 Abstract （273）   HTML （3）    PDF （1655KB）（1608）       Knowledge map    Save The environment has been under great pressure as a consequence of the livestock waste discharged in the course of intensive production of livestock and poultry farming. By studying the elemental theory of respiratory metabolism， comprised of small molecule acid metabolism of Geobacter sulfurreducens， the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of Shewanella oneidensis， as well as extracellular electron transfer directly contacted and mediated by electrically conductive pili and electron shuttle substances， the central carbon metabolism pathway， basic extracellular electron transport process and main regulatory mechanisms of model electroactive microorganisms were examined. Owing to insights into the respiration and metabolism of electroactive bacteria， a variety of microbial electrochemical systems （MES） mainly based on microbial fuel cell， microbial electrolytic cell and electric-field-assisted aerobic compost had been developed and optimized. Not only MES were employed to reduce contents of hazardous substances including chemical oxygen demand， greenhouse gases， antibiotics and resistance genes， but they were also used to improve power generation efficiency， cathode high value-added products and humus contents of compost. The research progress of microbial electrochemical theory and thoroughly demonstrates the application of microbial electrochemical technology in the recycling of livestock and poultry waste were reviewed， so as to provide reference and theoretical foundation for the study of livestock waste utilization. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Frass After Organic Waste Transformation by Black Soldier Fly Jingwen QIANG, Wanqing WANG, Manyu TANG, Shuang WU, Wei HUA, Xinyue ZHU, Yanling CHENG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (5): 158-167.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0931 Abstract （496）   HTML （14）    PDF （862KB）（1281）       Knowledge map    Save At present， the annual production of organic waste in our country is about 4.5 to 5.0 billion tons， if its improper treatment will have a negative effect on the atmosphere， water body， soil and other aspects， thus causing secondary pollution for the environment. Black soldier fly larvae can effectively decompose organic solid wastes and convert them into marketable products in line with the concept of circular economy， and the frass produced in this process can be used as organic agricultural fertilizers， thus promoting the transition from traditional economic development to ecological circular economic model. However， the nutrient of frass， the composition of microorganisms and bioactive compounds， the post-treatment requirements to improve the biostability of frass， and the mechanism of frass in soil and plant metabolism are still unclear. Therefore， in order to improve the resource utilization of organic waste and promote sustainable agricultural development， this paper emphasized the potential of organic waste transformation by the black soldier fly， summarized the characteristics of frass and its effects on plant growth， and focused on the current application of frass as plant fertilizer. The promoting effect of this product on the development of modern ecological agriculture was pointed out， and put forward some research problems to be solved in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Meat Quality， Nutritional Components and Expression Characteristics of Meat Quality-related Genes in Tibetan Sheep at Different Altitudes Liangwei YAO, Yuzhu SHA, Xinyu GUO, Xiaoning PU, Ying XU, Jiqing WANG, Shaobin LI, Zhiyun HAO, Xiu LIU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (3): 66-75.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0385 Abstract （360）   HTML （11）    PDF （1113KB）（1150）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the difference of meat quality and the expression characteristics of meat quality-related genes in Tibetan sheep at different altitudes， the meat quality and nutritional components of longissimus dorsi， triceps brachii and biceps femoris of Tibetan sheep at altitude 2 500， 3 500 and 4 500 m were determined， and the expression levels of meat-related genes （H-FABP， LPL， MC4R and CAST） were determined and their correlations were analyzed. The results showed that the Tibetan sheep meat of low altitude had lower shearing force， lower water loss rate， higher tenderness and better taste， especially longissimus dorsi was better than the other 2 parts. The Tibetan sheep meat of high altitude had higher cooked meat rate and higher meat yield. The contents of mineral and crude protein in high altitude Tibetan sheep meat were higher， while the low altitude Tibetan sheep meat was more succulent. Compared with the two leg muscles， the longissimus dorsi had better taste. The expression levels of genes related to meat quality were differences among different altitudes. Among them， H-FABP had the highest expression levels in different muscles at mid-altitude， and LPL， MC4R and CAST had the highest expression levels in biceps femoris of Tibetan sheep at low altitude， and was higher in the longissimus dorsi of Tibetan sheep at middle and high altitude. The correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of H-FABP， LPL， MC4R and CAST genes were significantly correlated with cooked meat rate， shear stress， water loss rate， ash， crude fat， crude protein and dry matter in Tibetan sheep. It showed that the meat quality and nutritional components of Tibetan sheep at different altitudes were different， and the expression levels of meat-related genes in different parts were also different， which affected the meat quality of Tibetan sheep. Above results provided basis for meat selection and genetic improvement of Tibetan sheep at different altitudes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Review on Modeling and Simulation for Pesticide Spraying System Jiaqiang ZHENG, Huichun ZHANG, Youlin XU, Hongping ZHOU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (3): 76-90.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0776 Abstract （293）   HTML （13）    PDF （2797KB）（1120）       Knowledge map    Save The effect of pesticide application is closely related to the pesticide spraying process. The modeling and simulation of pesticide spraying process can solve the difficulties in field experimental research caused by the difference of plant growth cycle， the different occurrence of pests and diseases， and the uncontrollable natural field environments. According to the resistance， resurgence， residue （3R）/efficacy， efficiency， eco-environment （3E）/method， model， measurement （3M） of the pesticide applications， the modeling and simulation researches on the pesticide spraying process， such as atomization， transportation and deposition， were summarized and analyzed. The semi-physical simulation system of pesticide spraying was put forward and analyzed based on the development of simulation technology. Finally， several research suggestions were proposed to promote research on innovative precision pesticide spraying technology and R&D of high-quality plant protection machinery， such as establishing atomization model for carrying out the atomization mechanism of new nozzles， the multi-phase flow field simulation of mass pesticide droplets， the spraying target customization and target recognition model， the comprehensive pesticide droplet drift model， and the coupling between plant growth model and pesticide spraying system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/Unfolded Protein Response Caused by Herpesvirus Haiqing CAI, Wei WANG, Maoqin ZENG, Wenwen BI, Li CHEN, Qiandong ZHANG, Yang YUAN, Ming WEN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (9): 131-139.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0538 Abstract （635）   HTML （11）    PDF （1481KB）（1112）       Knowledge map    Save Endoplasmic reticulum is the main site of protein folding and post-translational modification in eukaryotic cells. It also participates in the regulation of Ca2+ and lipid storage and synthesis， and has important physiological functions. Herpesviruses is a class of enveloped DNA viruses. The synthesis and processing of its surface glycosylated envelope proteins depends on the endoplasmic reticulum. During virus replication， a large number of synthesized glycosylated envelope proteins are excessive in the endoplasmic reticulum. Accumulation causes endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS）， which in turn leads to unfolded protein response （UPR）. Some herpesviruses may have evolved mechanisms to regulate the UPR to create an optimal egoistic environment for the replication process. When they replicate in host cells， they will cause related endoplasmic reticulum UPR signaling cascades， such as cell damage， inflammation， apoptosis， etc. In this paper， the mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response （ERS/UPR） response to viruses was reviewed， and the molecular mechanism and related signaling pathways of ERS caused by herpes simplex virus type Ⅰ， pseudorabies virus， marek virus， duck enteritis virus and other herpes viruses were expounded， which provided theoretical basis for the research and development of herpes virus-related vaccines and drug targets. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Advances on Plant Root Exudates in Response to Cadmium Stress Xiang WU, Juan LI, Yan CAO, Yanrong CHENG, Xuyu YAN, Ling LI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (7): 12-20.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0619 Abstract （464）   HTML （5）    PDF （530KB）（1056）       Knowledge map    Save With the rapid development of industry and agriculture and the the casual discharge of waste， heavy metal pollution has been serious in farmland soil. Cadmium （Cd） pollution is more serious in heavy metal pollution. The technology of in situ remediation by hyperaccumulative plants is the main means to remediate cadmium and other heavy metal pollution. Root is the first part of plants to contact with heavy metals such as Cd. As an important carrier， root exudates can conduct material exchange and energy transfer between plants， soil and microorganisms， and it can effectively regulate the rhizosphere microenvironment， affect the behavior of heavy metals in the rhizosphere environment， ultimately affect the absorption and transport of heavy metals by plants， and then affect the growth and development of plants themselves. This paper briefly described the effects of Cd stress on plant growth and development， analyzed the response of different kinds of root exudates under Cd stress， as well as the effects of root exudates on soil physical and chemical properties， rhizosphere microorganisms， the accumulation and transport of Cd，and analyzed the expression of genes pathways related to cadmium stress. In addition， regarding heavy metal pollution， this paper looked forward to the research trend of root exudates in order to explore the response mechanism of plant root exudates to cadmium stress in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on miRs Expression Profiles of Alfalfa and Screening of Trans-border Potential miRs Jingying JIA, Yahui LI, Bingzhe FU, Yun MA, Xiaoyan CAI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (7): 43-53.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.1090 Abstract （211）   HTML （0）    PDF （1938KB）（945）       Knowledge map    Save To explore miRNA expression profile of ‘Xinyan 52’ （XY52）， a new drought tolerant alfalfa line cultivated in Ningxia， and screen microRNA （miR） with cross-border research value， ‘Zhongmu 1’ （ZM1） was as the reference. ZM1 and XY52 were sequenced and analyzed by high-throughput miRs （RNA-seq）； the bioinformatics technology was used to screen differential expressed miRs and predict target genes， and the predicted target genes were enriched and analyzed by GO and KEGG； then 10 miRs were detected and analyzed by RT-qPCR. The results were as follows： ① the miRs expression profiles of 2 kinds of alfalfa were successfully constructed， and 656 and 703 miRs were detected in ZM1 and XY52， which the number of newly predicted miRs were 233 and the known miRs were 433 and 480； ② a total of 21 differential expressed miRs were detected in the two alfalfa varieties， among which 3 miRs including novel-miR54， miR156f and miR166a were expressed higher， and the expression of novel-miR54 in XY52 was significantly higher than that in ZM1 （P<0.01）， and the expression of miR156f in ZM1 was significantly higher than that in XY52 （P<0.01）； ③ among the five miRs which had cross-border regulatory functions， miR166a had the most expressive level in ZM1 and XY52， while the expression of miR166a in XY52 was significantly higher than that in ZM1 （P<0.01）； ④ a total of 623 target genes were predicted by the KEGG pathway and GO function enrichment analysis of 21 miRs with differential expression， which were mainly related to signaling pathways such as RNA transport， ABC transporter and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. These results laid a preliminary foundation for the analysis of miRs in differences of alfalfa and the regulation of genes in dairy cows. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Situation and Countermeasures Analysis of China’s Crop Seed Industry Lingbo KONG, Qiao LIN, Yingli NIE, Jingjing WANG, Hong WEI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (4): 1-13.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0507 Abstract （806）   HTML （34）    PDF （2542KB）（935）       Knowledge map    Save Crop seed industry is a national strategic and basic core industry， which is the foundation for promoting the long-term stable development of China’s agriculture and ensuring the national food security. In order to comprehensively study the development status of China’s crop seed industry， there were three dimensions of seed industry had been analyzed， including the seed industry policy， enterprise competitiveness and the supply and demand status of superior seed production. The key points of policy support in crop seed industry were summarized， the core competitiveness of leading enterprises was shown and the advantage had been contrasted with international seed enterprises. Meanwhile， the industrialization characteristics of two superior seed were analyzed， such as hybrid maize and hybrid rice. Based on the content of analyzed， the problems in the development of China’s crop seed industry were summarized. The countermeasures and suggestions put forward for establishing a financial security system， strengthening the protection and utilization of germplasm resources， accelerating the innovation of breeding technology， promoting the joint breeding of science and enterprises， and improving the legal and regulatory system， which would provide reference for the innovation and development of China’s crop seed industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Whole Genome Sequencing of Multi-drug Resistant Escherichia coli and Its Drug Resistance Analysis Haili LI, Yindi XU, Zhifang WANG, Wenhao ZHU, Lixian ZHANG, Chunjiang MA Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (6): 113-121.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0169 Abstract （496）   HTML （4）    PDF （4555KB）（895）       Knowledge map    Save In order to understand colistin resistance genes carried by Escherichia coli， screen sensitive plant drugs， and solve the dilemma of multiple drug resistance and no drug option in animal clinic， the resistance genes of Escherichia coli were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 78 antibiotics were detected， and the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of 4 kinds of natural plant extracts （palmatine， berberine， baicalin and macleaya cordata） were tested. The results showed that 145 strains of E.coli were isolated and identified from intestinal tract of swine clinical diarrhea cases in 2021 （from January to December） and 2022 （from January to June）， and a clinical strain carrying colistin resistance genes （mcr-4，mcr-5） and β-lactamases blaTEM and AmpC was identified， which named HN2149. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 78 antibiotics showed that the HN2149 strains was sensitive to cefepime， cefodizime， fosfomycin， cefixime， meropenem， cefoxitin， cefazolin， cefoperazone， cefotaxime， ceftazidime， cefuroxime， ceftriaxone， aztreonam， piperacillin-tazobactam， ticacillin/clavulanic acid， cefoperazone sulbactam， ceftazidime/clavulanic acid， cefotaxime/clavulanic acid， ceftizoxime， cefmetazole， cefetamet， and was resistant to 57 antibiotics. The drug sensitivity of 4 plant extracts showed that the macleaya cordata had the best bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect on HN2149 strain， while the other 3 extracts had no effects on HN2149 strain. Above results provided reference for the prevention and control of swine colibacillosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Codon Bias and Evolution Analysis of CqGAI in Chenopodium quinoa Yang FENG, Fenggen GUO, Shiyu WANG, Zhengjie LIU, Wenhong LONG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (4): 27-36.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0125 Abstract （208）   HTML （4）    PDF （4328KB）（894）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the codon usage characteristics of CqGAI gene， the sequence of CqGAI gene was cloned. The codon usage preference of CqGAI gene was analyzed using CodonW， SPSS software and EMBOSS online program， and neutral mapping， ENC analysis and parity preference bias analysis were performed with GAI genes of 25 plants. The results showed that the length of coding sequence （CDS） of CqGAI gene was 1 782 bp， which encoded 593 amino acids， and contained the unique structural domains of DELLA gene family such as DELLA， TVHYNP， NLS， VHIID， LHR and RVER. The CqGAI gene could rapidly responded to gibberellines （GA），whichplayed a key role in the GA signaling pathway. Codon bias analysis showed that ENC， CAI and GC content of CqGAI gene were 54.14， 0.21 and 46.18%， respectively， with weak codon bias， preference ending with A/T and 27 high frequency codons. The clustering analyses showed that the CqGAI gene had the closest preference to Caryophyllales. The base composition and correlation analysis revealed that the codon preference of CqGAI gene was influenced by selection effect and base mutation. The frequency of codon usage indicated that both Escherichia coli and yeast were suitable for heterologous expression of CqGAI gene， and Arabidopsis thaliana， Nicotiana tabacum and Beta vulgaris were suitable for genetic transformation recipients for functional analysis of CqGAI gene. Above results provided an important reference for further study the function and heterologous expression of CqGAI gene. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development Status and Prospects of Rice Industry in Heilongjiang Province Yingnan GU, Xin LIU, Jingyuan WANG, Xinyu DUAN, Ying HUANG, Qingjuan LIN, Yanxia LIU, Hongwen BI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (12): 17-25.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1005 Abstract （694）   HTML （17）    PDF （1755KB）（882）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years， the rice industry in Heilongjiang province has developed well in planting， production and marketing， but there are still some problems such as quality degradation and low efficiency of processing enterprises. In order to promote the development of high-quality rice industry in Heilongjiang province， and improve productivity and efficiency，based on the statistical yearbook data of Heilongjiang province， field survey information and literature data， this paper analyzed the change characteristics of rice variety breeding， production and planting， quality， processing and sales of japonica rice in Heilongjiang province from 2016 to 2021， put forward suggestions to accelerate the development of rice industry in Heilongjiang province， including the construction of research and innovation center of seed industry， the construction of green ecological demonstration area and the strengthening of rice processing industry， which provided a variety of feasible ideas for the development of rice industry in Heilongjiang province. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Global Genetically Modified Crop Industrialization Trends in 2022 Haohui LI, Caiyue LIU, Haiwen ZHANG, Xujing WANG, Qiaoling TANG, Youhua WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (12): 6-16.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0756 Abstract （1593）   HTML （79）    PDF （752KB）（832）       Knowledge map    Save Since the commercialization of genetically modified （GM） crops in 1996， their industrial applications have developed rapidly in worldwide with increasing planting area and crop types， which have significant economic and social benefits. This paper analyzed the global situation of GM crops cultivation in 2022， and the development trends of major countries and regions planting GM crops. In 2022， the planting area of GM crops accounted for about 12% of the total arable land area with an increase of 3.3%. The number of the countries approved to cultivate GM crops increased to 29， and 71 countries and regions approved the commercial application of GM products. Based on the planting area of GM crops， the GM corn and soybean were dominant， and the planting area of the GM crops with multiple traits was also constantly expanding. The industrial applications of GM crops will become new growth driver for agricultural production and economic development， and the applications and effects of GM crops will continuously increase with the iterative upgrading of bioengineering breeding technologies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Application of Natural Polymer Flocculants Yangyang CAI, Xiuping TAO, Tong LI, Bin SHANG, Jianchao SONG, Lu LIU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (10): 165-172.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0419 Abstract （283）   HTML （2）    PDF （524KB）（820）       Knowledge map    Save Natural polymer flocculant is the focus of current research. The mechanism， type and characteristics of natural polymer flocculants were detailed introducted， and the progress of preparation technology， the application status of natural polymer flocculants， especially their application in the field of water treatment were summarized. In view of the current problems of the new flocculant， the future research focus and development direction were looked forward， which provided a reference for the in-depth research and practical application of the new flocculant. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation and Optimization of Pneumatic Conveying System for Hybrid Rice Pollen Collection Device Fenfang XIAO, Conghe ZHANG, Hui WANG, Yafeng YE, Daolin ZHANG, Heting WANG, Bo LI, Yuejin WU, Binmei LIU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (4): 110-122.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0048 Abstract （201）   HTML （3）    PDF （4205KB）（815）       Knowledge map    Save In order to solve the problem of mechanized and efficient collection of paternal pollen of hybrid rice， a hybrid rice pollen collection device was designed and the pneumatic conveying system was simulated and optimized. Firstly， the computational fluid dynamics-discrete phase model （CFD-DPM） was established for pneumatic conveying system. Furthermore， the CFD-DPM and the response surface method were combined to optimize and verify the system，which took the inner diameter of the tube， the length and width of the inlet as factors，and the air flow uniformity and total pressure difference as indexes. The results showed that the inner diameter， the length of the inlet，the width of the inlet， the interaction of inner diameter and length， and the interaction between length and width had significant effects on the airflow uniformity and total pressure difference in the system.The two indexes increased with the increase of the inner diameter， the uniformity of powder absorption first increased and then decreased with the increase of length and width， and the total pressure difference increased with the increase of length and width. The optimal parameter combination of pneumatic conveying system was 200.00 mm inner diameter， 564.40 mm length and 192.48 mm width. Simulation of the optimized system structure showed that the variable velocity and total pressure difference of airflow velocity were 16.03% and 238.37 Pa respectively. The relative errors were 4.91% and 3.39%， respectively. Compared with the initial structure， the two indexes were reduced by 56.29% and 31.57% respectively， indicating that the optimization effect was obvious. This study provided a method for rapid optimization design of pneumatic conveying system of hybrid rice pollen collection unit， and the results could provide reference for optimization design of pneumatic conveying system of hybrid rice pollen collection unit. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Leaf Traits and Adaptation Strategies of Sophora japonica at Different Ages Rongrong CHU, Guoqing FENG, Zhongyi ZHANG, Huijiao LIU, Jiaxin DONG, Zhangzhen WEN, Xiangbin GAO, Xiaoman XIE, Dan LIU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (3): 48-56.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0438 Abstract （250）   HTML （3）    PDF （1666KB）（771）       Knowledge map    Save The variation and correlation of leaf traits can reflect the resource utilization and adaptive survival strategies of plants. In order to explore the traits and variation rules of the leaves of Sophora japonica of different ages， taking the leaves of Sophora japonica of different ages in Liaocheng city as the research object， 13 indicators including the leaf area （LA）， leaf fresh weight （FW）， leaf dry weight （DW）， leaf length （LL）， leaf width （LW）， petiole length （PL）， leaf thickness （LT）， rachis length （RL）， leaf shape index （LI）， specific leaf area （SLA）， leaf dry matter content （LDMC） ， leaf tissue density （LTD）， and specific leaf weight （SLW） were measured， and one-way analysis of variance and coefficient variation analysis were used to explore the characteristics of leaf traits at different tree ages. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis were used to study the adaptation rules of Sophora japonica leaves at different tree ages. The results showed that the DW， LL and PL of reserve resources were significantly higher than those of other tree ages （P<0.01）. The total coefficient variations of 13 leaf traits of Sophora japonica were from 8.57% to 81.48%； among leaf traits of different tree ages， the coefficient variation of the reserve resource LTD was the largest which was 92.86%， and the coefficient variation of the secondary ancient tree LDMC was the smallest which was 5.84%. LA， FW， DW， LL and LW were extremely significantly positively correlated with each other （P<0.01）； SLA was significantly negatively correlated with FW， DW， LTD and SLW （P<0.01）， and positively correlated with LT（P<0.01）； LDMC was significantly positively correlated with FW， DW， LTD and SLW （P< 0.01）. The leaf traits of reserve resources had the characteristics of high LDMC and SLW， low SLA， and belong to the survival strategy of “quick investment-income type”； the secondary ancient trees and the first grade ancient trees showed high SLA， low LDMC and SLW leaf character combinations， and adopted a “slow investment-benefit” and “conservative” strategy. Above results provided a scientific basis for the formulation of maintenance and management strategies for different age classes of Sophora japonica. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Active Ingredients and Action Mechanism of Agricultural Plant Jiaosu Bing LI, Xiumin ZHU, Dai LI, Junxia DU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (7): 156-165.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0660 Abstract （344）   HTML （2）    PDF （618KB）（752）       Knowledge map    Save Agricultural plant Jiaosu is a product containing specific bioactive ingredients which is derived primarily from plants through microbial fermentation. It could be applied in agriculture， animal husbandry and soil improvement. Agricultural plant Jiaosu plays significant roles in enhancing crop yields， soil quality and pest resistance， making it a key player in the establishment of green ecological agriculture. In this paper， the classification， characteristics and various effective components of agricultural plant Jiaosu were briefly introduced； the positive effects on crop yield increase， antibacterial properties， soil enhancement and environmental protection of agricultural plant Jiaosu were summarized； the mechanisms were analyzed， the existing issues were identified， and the future development of agricultural plant Jiaosu was discussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Physiochemical Properties and Microbial Community Structure in Rhizosphere Soil of Dracocephalum tanguticum Erhao ZHANG, Panpan LIU, Ping HE, Yue JIAN, Yuting XU, Chengxin CHEN, Yazhou LU, Xiaozhong LAN, Sangmu SUOLANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (3): 201-213.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0741 Abstract （237）   HTML （11）    PDF （4097KB）（696）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the physiochemical properties and microbial community structure in rhizosphere soil of Dracocephalum tanguticum， the microbial communities in rhizosphere soil from Gongbujiangda （GB）， Kanuo （KR） and Luolong （LL） in Tibet were as materials. The microbial community in rhizosphere soil of D. tanguticum was analyzed by illumine high-throughput sequencing， and the physiochemical properties were determined and their correlation with core microbial communities were studied. The results showed that there were significant differences among different regions in the physiochemical properties. A total of 3 900 bacterial OTUs and 1 990 fungal OTUs were obtained in rhizosphere soil of D. tanguticum from 3 regions. The microbial diversity index in the rhizosphere soil of D. tanguticum grown in different regions was significant difference. Actinobacteria was the dominant bacterial phyla in all samples of D. tanguticum. Basidiomycota was the dominant fungal phyla in GB sample， Ascomycota was the dominant fungal phyla in KR and LL samples. The dominant genus was difference among different samples. Principal component analysis showed that the compositions of bacterial and fungal community were different among different samples. The analysis of core microbial communities showed that there were 257 core bacterial genera and 102 fungal genera. The correlation analysis showed that the changes of microbial community in rhizosphere soil were correlated with the physiochemical properties， and the contents of total potassium， available potassium， total phosphorus， total nitrogen and available nitrogen were the key determinants affecting the composition of microbial community in rhizosphere soil of D. tanguticum. Overall， the microbial community structure in rhizosphere soil of D. tanguticum grown in the different regions were significant differences， and the microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil was strongly linked to the physiochemical properties of rhizosphere soil. Above results provided theoretical bases for artificial cultivation and screening beneficial microorganisms of D. tanguticum. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prospects for Commercialization of Biotech Breeding Technology of Important Crops in China Jian ZHANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2022, 24 (12): 15-24.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0697 Abstract （1267）   HTML （12）    PDF （538KB）（690）       Knowledge map    Save China has more population in the world but with limited arable land and water resources. Scientific innovation becomes a unique solution to promote the crop productions for national food security. Commercialization of biotech breeding technology in maize， soybean， oil rape and cotton has played a critical role in seed industry developmentin these major crop production countries including US， Brazil and Argentina. After over 20 years’ scientific innovation of biotech crop research and development （R&D） in China， the biotechnology crops for maize and soybean with resistance to insect and herbicide tolerant traits have been ready， these biotech crops would not only reduce the inputs of crop production， but also increase the yield and farmers’ incomes significantly. Due to the commercialization of biotech breeding technology involves in multiple aspects of research and development of scientific innovation， regulatory appraisal of biosafety and stewardship requirements， international trade， agricultural production and public acceptance etc.， which is a large and complex system engineer. Therefore， only those of the larger seed enterprises with capabilities can lead the whole processes by integrating R&D resources of scientific， academic and seed industrial units to create an innovation consortium for collaborations across the whole R&D chain and commercial chain together. Such an innovation consortium will be capable to continuously launch new varieties with better-yielding， nutritious， less inputs and environmental-friendly products should steadily support the commercialization of biotech breeding technology of important crops towards a sustainable and high-quality development of seed industry in China. Biotech breeding technology is the core of seed innovation， so establishing an innovative system for modern breeding and strengthening the deep mine of germplasm resources plus breaking through the key technologies of cutting-edge breeding for strategic new varieties， becomes the solution for germplasm improvement and a key for winning the seed industry as well as the fundamental support for firmly grasping the initiative of food security. This paper summarized the application of biotech breeding， and proposed the developmental strategies of modern seed industry. Biotech breeding technology will become the important approach to solve the germplasm resource shortage and environmental constrains faced by China’s agricultural development while driving the development of China’s modern seed industry and the continuous improvement of international competitiveness， and realizing the leap from a large seed industry to a strong seed country. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Situation and Strategy of Honeybee Genetic Resources Protection in China Xiao CHEN, Fuqing YU, Jian LU, Yazhou ZHAO, Jiandong AN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (5): 1-7.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0371 Abstract （583）   HTML （8）    PDF （455KB）（657）       Knowledge map    Save Honeybee genetic resources are rich in China. These resources have different characteristics. They are excellent germplasm resources and are basic materials for breeding. At present， there are 14 local varieties， 8 cultivated varieties， 8 introduced varieties， and 8 other bee resources in China. Among them， Chinese honeybee is the native bees in China，which is an indispensable original breeding material for cultivating new high-quality honeybee breeds， and is also a national protected species. The current situation of honeybee resources protection and existing problems of honeybees genetic resources protection in China were summarized， and the suggestions for honeybee genetic resources protection were put forward， which was of great significance to the development of honeybee genetic resources protection in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Manure Application on Soybean Yield and Soil Nutrients in China Chenyang ZHANG, Minggang XU, Fei WANG, Ran LI, Nan SUN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (8): 148-156.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0077 Abstract （388）   HTML （10）    PDF （1441KB）（644）       Knowledge map    Save Application of manure can increase soybean yield and soil fertility. There are significant differences in soybean yield and soil fertility in China due to the influence of region， application rate of manure， type of manure etc. However， the reasons for these differences are still not clear. In order to find out the effect of manure fertilizer application on soybean yield and soil fertility in different regions and management measures in China， and the main factors of yield increase effect， this study collected data on a national scale for integrated analysis. According to the searching criteria， 37 literatures including 119 groups of data on the effect of manure application on soybean yield and 11 literatures including 148 groups of data on the effects of manure application on soil nutrients were obtained. The enhanced boosted regression tree （BRT） model was used to quantify the importance of climate factors， soil properties and manure application measures on soybean yield increase. The average soybean yield increased by 12.9% after application of manure in different regions， with the highest yield in south China （18.7%） and followed by North China （14.8%）， Northwest China （13.6%） and Northeast China （12.0%）. When the application rate of manure was more than 5 000 kg·hm-2， the increase of soybean yield was 18.5%. Soybean yield increased by 24.9% after the application of cow manure， followed by the application of pig manure （17.6%）， commercial manure （15.3%）， chicken manure （12.7%） and manure （8.8%）. The average soybean yield was 2 224 kg·hm-2 with no fertilizer， whereas it increased by 20.4% to the amount 2 518 kg·hm-2 with applying manure alone. The average soybean yield was 2 259 kg·hm-2 under the application of chemical fertilizer， whereas it increased by 9.1% to the amount 2 558 kg·hm-2 under the combined application of manure and chemical fertilizer. Manure application significantly increased soil available P （43.5%）， total P （13.3%） and organic matter （11.0%）， but had no significant effect on soil available K （9.4%）， alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen （3.4%）， pH （2.1%） and total K （1.2%）. Based on the BRT results， the BRT model explained 52.83% of soybean yield differences in China. Among them， the application rate of manure had the greatest impact on soybean yield， accounting for 47.0% of the variation， followed by soil properties （41.0%） and climate factors （12.0%）. In general， the application of manure （including the single application of manure and combined application of manure and chemical fertilizer） could significantly increase soybean yield， with the largest increase in South China and with the highest increasing production benefit under the application of cow manure. Soybean yield was mostly affected by the application rate of manure. Additionally， the available P， total P and organic matter contents in soybean soil significantly increased under the application of manure. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and Expression Analysis of Wheat TaCOBL- 5 Genes Xinyue BAO, Hongmin CHEN, Weiwei WANG, Yimiao TANG, Zhaofeng FANG, Jinxiu MA, Dezhou WANG, Jinghong ZUO, Zhanjun YAO Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (6): 11-21.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0172 Abstract （291）   HTML （22）    PDF （3595KB）（628）       Knowledge map    Save Wheat yield directly impacts food security in China， but various abiotic stresses such as drought， low temperature， salt and high temperature severely constrain wheat production. In previous analysis， transcriptomic data revealed differential expression of wheat TaCOBL-5D under multiple abiotic stresses. TaCOBL-5D and its homologous genes TaCOBL-5A and TaCOBL-5B were cloned and obtained， and the comprehensive bioinformatics and expression pattern were analyzed. The results showed that TaCOBL-5 genes exhibited significant conservation in gene structure， protein tertiary structure， conserved domains， and promoter regulatory elements with COBL genes from other species. TaCOBL-5 genes exhibited the highest expression level in roots and responded differently to various abiotic stresses， especially significantly down-regulated under drought stress， indicating its importance under drought stress； it also showed different responses to low temperature， high temperature， and salt stress. In addition， the expression level of the TaCOBL-5D gene varied significantly among different drought-resistant and high-temperature-resistant materials， further suggesting its important role in stress resistance. These findings laid the foundation for further understanding of the function of COBL genes in wheat and provided scientific support for wheat breeding efforts aimed at enhancing stress tolerance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development Strategy on Agricultural Microbial Industry in China Jingli GUO, Dlxat Nilufar, Daqing WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (11): 1-7.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0682 Abstract （516）   HTML （11）    PDF （510KB）（575）       Knowledge map    Save The international market share of the agricultural microbial industry is increasing， making the development of germplasm resources， key technology research， safety monitoring and protection gradually become a battlefield in the field of agricultural microbial industry. It was found that the development of China's agricultural microbial industry still had limitations such as weak ability to tap and utilize resources， little breakthrough in key core technologies， weak international competitiveness of industrial development， and imperfect safety prevention and control system. In order to ensure national food security， improve the market share of biological agriculture economy， achieve green and sustainable development of agriculture， and consolidate the foundation of agricultural power. The government should accelerate the construction of the national agricultural microbial germplasm bank， strengthen the breakthrough of the key core technologies of agricultural microbial industry， optimize the development layout of agricultural microbial industry， increase support for agricultural microbial enterprises， improve the safety protection and monitoring system of agricultural microbial industry， and comprehensively enhance the international market share and international competitiveness of China's agricultural microbial industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and Verification of Prediction Model for Grape Downy Mildew Based on Machine Learning Fengxia BIAN, Kaige LIU, Xinmin RONG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (8): 126-137.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0866 Abstract （324）   HTML （8）    PDF （3217KB）（567）       Knowledge map    Save Grape downy mildew is one of the major diseases on grapes， which can occur from seedling to fruit maturity， often causing destructive losses in rainy years. To accurately predict the occurrence of grape downy mildew and minimize the hazards of grape downy mildew， based on the agrometeorological data and disease occurrence data during grape growth in 2020， a prediction model for the occurrence of grape downy mildew was developed by 4 machine learning algorithms （binary logistic regression， support vector machine， decision tree and K-nearest neighbors）， and the models were verified using the data in 2021. The results showed that the decision tree model had the best evaluation indicators in the disease prediction model， which the accuracy was 94%， and the precision， recall and F1-score was 91%， 90% and 91%， respectively. The decision tree model’s performance was still better than the other models using validation data. Therefore， the decision tree model could be further used to develop early warning systems for grape downy mildew， which should provide technical support and decision-making guidance for controlling it in production. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bipartite Intelligent Design of Crops—Intelligent Combination of Natural Variation and Intelligent Creation of Artificial Variation Hai WANG, Jinsheng LAI, Haiyang WANG, Xinhai LI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2022, 24 (6): 1-8.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0391 Abstract （666）   HTML （40）    PDF （503KB）（562）       Knowledge map    Save We are witnessing a profound and far-reaching revolution in crop breeding. Intelligent design of crops，driven by interdisciplinary integration of biotechnology（BT）and information technology（IT），is now outperforming and replacing traditional breeding methods. Future intelligent design of crops should be bipartite. Intelligent cross breeding is based on large-scale genomic，phenotypic and environmental data platforms，as well as statistical models built upon them. These will facilitate the design of optimal combinations of natural genomic variants，and realization of such design by the fastest breeding scheme. Intelligent biological breeding，on the other hand，will harness the power of artificial intelligence （especially generative models）and synthetic evolution to design genomic components or proteins of agronomic importance，placing genome editing and synthetic biology at the center of crop genetic improvement. This viewpoint discussed the theoretical basis，cutting-edge technologies and future directions of both branches of intelligent crop design. Limiting factors from public and private sectors that are making the bottlenecks in intelligent design of crops were also discussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Differential Seed Metabolites Before and After Stratification of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance Yongfang ZHANG, Shiyan DONG, Jiaxuan WANG, Xuhu GUO, Chang ZHANG, Yanxing WANG, Yuye WANG, Jingfeng WU, Tianfang BAO, Hongfa ZHANG, Ping YU, Fuheng LI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (7): 37-49.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0183 Abstract （205）   HTML （4）    PDF （4918KB）（554）       Knowledge map    Save In order to deeply explore the seed dormancy mechanism of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance， the different metabolites of non-lamellarized seeds （NS） and germination seeds after lamellarization （GS） were analyzed by GC-TOF/MS （gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry）. The results showed that a total of 995 metabolites were detected， and there was a clear separation between NS and GS. There were 126 differential metabolites， among which 75 were extremely significant differential metabolites including 35 up-regulated and 40 down-regulated expressions. The metabolic pathways of the extremely significant differential metabolites were analysed and 10 key metabolic pathways were identified. The results of the chord diagram analysis showed that the lipids （including lipid-like molecules） was extremely significantly positive correlaed with benzenoids， while the benzenepropanoids （including polyketides） was extremely significantly negative correlation with organoxides. Above results provided theoretical basis of metabolomics for exploring the post-maturation germination of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance seeds， and researching the post-maturation and dormancy mechanisms of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance seeds. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Community Structure of Stem-based Fungi Infected with Adzuki Bean and Mung Bean Hongyan ZHAO, Junwei TAN, Jie ZHANG, Haonan CHEN, Chunxu WANG, Di ZHAO, Haipeng LI, Lixia ZHU, Yiqiang HAN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2022, 24 (5): 129-136.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0324 Abstract （185）   HTML （5）    PDF （2761KB）（525）       Knowledge map    Save To understand the fungal composition of the stem base susceptible parts of adzio bean and mung bean， the fungal community in basal susceptible parts of adzabella and mung bean stems were sequenced by Illumina high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that a total of 231 operational taxonomic units （OTUs） were obtained from 6 samples of adzio bean and mung bean， and the common OTUs were 97. In fungal compositions of the stem base susceptible parts of adzio bean and mung bean， Ascomycota was the common dominant phylum， Sordariomycetes was the common dominant class， Hypocreales was the common dominant order， Nectriaceae was the common dominant family. And Fusarium was the common dominant genus， and the relative abundances in adzio bean and mung bean were 32.94% and 18.38%， respectively. The results of Alpha diversity showed that the abundance of fungal community in susceptible stems of mung bean was higher than that of adzola bean， and the diversities of fungal community in adzio bean and mung bean were similar， which provided a theoretical basis for further study the pathogenic mechanism of fungal communities in the stem susceptible parts of adzio bean and mung bean. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Amino Acid Content Analysis of Different Fresh Corn Varieties at Suitable Harvest Time Baishan LU, Hui DONG, Jiuran ZHAO, Li XU, Yanli FAN, Yaxing SHI, Ronghuan WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (11): 132-142.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0680 Abstract （1295）   HTML （7）    PDF （544KB）（505）       Knowledge map    Save The amino acid content of 26 different fresh corn varieties was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）， and the similarity between different types of fresh corn and WHO/FAO standard amino acid model value was compared， and the amino acid content was analyzed by amino acid ratio coefficient method. The results showed that，the total amino acid content of the tested fresh corn varieties ranged from 6.85 to 16.66 mg·g-1， and Jingketian 533 （16.66 mg·g-1）， Jingkenuo 623 （12.01 mg·g-1） and Nongkenuo 336 （14.44 mg·g-1） was higher than other varieties of sweet， waxy， sweet+waxy type， respectively. Essential amino acids accounted for 10.38%~22.43%， and Jingketian 816 （17.39%）， Jingkenuo 656 （22.43%） and Nongkeyu 368 （18.16%） was higher than other varieties of sweet， waxy， sweet+waxy type， respectively. Analysis of flavor amino acids showed the content of fresh and sweet amino acids of Jingketian 533 and Nongkenuo 336 were higher than that of other varieties. The content of methionine+cysteine was higher than that of WHO/FAO standard mode， while the content of other amino acids were lower than the standard amino acid model value， belonging to the relative lack of amino acids. There were 6 varieties with amino acid ratio coefficient score （SRC） more than 50， including sweet corn varieties Jingketian 183 （58.17）， Jingketian 608 （57.79）， Jingketian 533 （53.32） and Jingketian 816 （53.03）， sweet+waxy corn varieties Nongkeyu 368（51.05） and Nongkenuo 336 （50.63）， indicating that their protein nutritional value was balanced and easy to be absorbed and utilized by the human body. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Improved YOLOv5 Model in Citrus Recognition in Natural Environment Jun TIE, Jie ZHAO, Lu ZHENG, Lifeng WU, Bowen HONG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (7): 111-120.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0994 Abstract （252）   HTML （13）    PDF （5892KB）（496）       Knowledge map    Save Green citrus in complex natural environment had different growth forms and similar color to the background color， so a detection method based on hybrid attention mechanism and improved YOLOv5 model was proposed to effectively identify green citrus. Firstly， the method improved the network structure of YOLOv5 by adding a hybrid attention mechanism in the backbone network etc.， embedding SE （squeeze and excitation） attention in layer 2 and CA （coordinate attention） attention in layer 11 of the backbone network； secondly， it improved the feature fusion structure of the network model， the lower branch was placed before the model C3 module， by combining the YOLOv5 model and concat feature fusion operation，and then the features were fused with another upper branch； finally， the classification loss function of the model was improved， and the classification loss function of the YOLOv5 model was changed to Varifocal Loss function to enhance the extraction of green citrus feature information and improve the accuracy of green citrus detection. According to the natural environment and the characteristics of the citrus itself， the self-built dataset was classified and 3 sets of comparison tests of citrus under different classification scenarios were designed to verify its effectiveness. The test results showed that the improved YOLOv5-SC model had higher precision and better robustness for the recognition of green citrus in natural environment， which accuracy was 91.74%， average accuracy was 95.09%， and F1 was 89.56%， and it provided technical support for smart picking of green fruits. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Harmful Characteristics and Mechanism of Walnut Late Frost Suilin ZHANG, Yang LI, Yan LI, Yunqi ZHANG, Jianxun QI, Zhixia HOU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (4): 18-26.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0952 Abstract （173）   HTML （1）    PDF （947KB）（478）       Knowledge map    Save The occurrence of early spring and late frost damage brought severe challenges to the production of walnuts in China， seriously affecting their growth， development， yield and revenue. In order to clarify the harmful characteristics and influencing mechanisms of late frost on walnuts in China， the influencing factors of the degree of damage caused by late frost on walnuts， as well as the changes in physiological and biochemical indicators and molecular mechanisms in response to low temperature stress were reviewed. It was found that research on physiological changes focused on the three aspects including cell membrane system （relative conductivity）， antioxidant system （malondialdehyde， superoxide dismutase， peroxidase and catalase） and osmoregulation substances （soluble sugars， soluble protein and proline）， in addition， the expression levels of genes such as JrPAL， JrJAZ， JrGRAS， JrICE1， JrCBF/JrDREB1， JrCOR， JrWRKY， JrDHN， JrGST， and JrPUB were induced by low temperature stress. And prospects were put for future research directions， which provided scientific basis for further exploring the response mechanism of walnuts to late frost damage and adopting effective production measures. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and Effect Evaluation of KASP Markers for Fiber Strength in Gossypium hirsutum L. Lihua LI, Zhengwen SUN, Huifeng KE, Qishen GU, Liqiang WU, Yan ZHANG, Guiyin ZHANG, Xingfen WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (2): 46-55.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0818 Abstract （194）   HTML （6）    PDF （2064KB）（472）       Knowledge map    Save Fiber strength （FS） is an important indicator of fiber quality traits， and developing molecular markers associated with target traits would improve the selection accuracy and accelerate the process for breeding. The selected KASP markers were genotyped among 376 varieties （lines）， and then the polymorphism and the efficacy for higher strength were analyzed. 3 SNP markers showed polymorphic in the population， and the selection rate of FS-15 for high-strength fiber was 63.2% while FS-16 and FS-29 were 60.0% and 56.1%， respectively. Furthermore， the evaluation efficacy of different haplotype combination （Hap1， Hap2， Hap3 and Hap4） suggested that the accessions harboring Hap3 （TTA） showed higher fiber strength than those harboring other haplotypes. The selection rate of Hap3 for higher strength was 72.7%. In addition， Hap3 had no adverse effect on fiber length， boll weigh， seed index and lint index. The above results indicated these KASP markers and Hap3 could be used for selection of higher strength materials by providing genotypic information and did not adversely affect the fiber length， boll weight， seed index and lint index. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and Characterization of IPT Gene Family in Brassica rapa L. Bo LIU, Wangtian WANG, Li MA, Junyan WU, Yuanyuan PU, Lijun LIU, Yan FANG, Wancang SUN, Yan ZHANG, Ruimin LIU, Xiucun ZENG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (2): 56-66.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0373 Abstract （215）   HTML （5）    PDF （4158KB）（471）       Knowledge map    Save Isopentenyltransferase （IPT） is the first limiting enzyme for cytokinin biosynthesis， so to analyze the function of the IPT gene family in Brassica rapa L.， a total of 13 BrIPT genes were identified from the genome of Brassica rapa L. by bioinformatics， which were heterogeneously distributed on 7 chromosomes. These BrIPT genes were divided into 4 substrates and each BrIPT gene included 8~10 conserved motifs and 1~2 UTR regions. The promoter regions of BrIPT genes contained numerous responsive elements. The BrIPT genes were regulated by environmental factors， biohormones， defense and stress. The qRT-PCR results showed that the tRNA-IPT genes BrIPT4， BrIPT6 and BrIPT9 were expressed in various parts of Brassica rapa L.. The expressions of IPT genes in Brassica rapa L. were higher at the mature stage than those at the seedling stage. The above results provided some basis for subsequent in-depth studies on the physiological and biochemical functions of IPT gene family members. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Soil Nutrient Characteristics of Ulmus pumila L. Forest at Different Ages in Daqingshan Yuexin ZHANG, Yunxia MA, Xiuzhi MA, Jinwang ZHANG, Yuelin WANG, Haisheng YU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (12): 168-176.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0737 Abstract （140）   HTML （2）    PDF （651KB）（458）       Knowledge map    Save In order to reveal the change trend and law of soil enzyme activity and soil nutrients with forest age in Daqingshan Nature Reserve， 3 different forest ages （10， 25 and 40 a） at Ulmus pumila L. forest in Daqingshan were selected as the research objects， and a total of 8 indicators of soil pH， available nitrogen， available phosphorus， available potassium， organic matter， sucrose， catalase and polyphenol oxidase in the soil layer of 0—10，10—20，20—30 and 30—40 cm were measured. The characteristics and interrelationships of enzyme activity and nutrient content in soil of Ulmus pumila L. with different forest ages were analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of forest age， the content of soil organic matter and available potassium in soil of Ulmus pumila L. forests showed an upward trend； available nitrogen and available phosphorus were raised first and then decreased， and the soil pH was gradually reduced. With the deepening of soil depth， the contents of soil organic matter， available nitrogen， available phosphorus and available potassium all showed obvious surface aggregation. Peroxidase activity gradually decreased with the increase of forest age； the activities of sucrase and urease showed a tendency of increasing first and then decreasing， and the enzyme activity gradually decreased with the depth of the soil layer. There was a certain correlation between soil nutrients and enzyme activity， and there was a significant positive correlation between available nitrogen and available phosphorus and sucrase and urease （P<0.05）； there was a significant negative phase between available potassium and organic matter and catalase （P<0.05）. According to the principal component analysis results， the soil fertility of the soil layer of 0—10 cm in the 25 a forest age was the highest. The results of the study could provide scientifsic basis for sustainable management of Ulmus pumila L. forests and soil fertility enhancement. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Nitrogen Sources Addition on Humification of Coconut Leaf Compost Xiaohong HUANG, Jing JIAO, Jihua DU, Yi WU, Zunxiang LI, Xinpeng LIU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (2): 162-170.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0650 Abstract （167）   HTML （3）    PDF （1479KB）（454）       Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate the effect of different nitrogen sources on the humification of coconut leaf compost， adding chicken manure， pig manure， biogas residue and urea as control variables to co-compost with coconut leaves，the indexs of temperature， the ratio of carbon to nitrogen ratio（T value）， humic substances， huminification rate， humification index and degree of humus polymerization were analyzed. The results showed that the 4 treatments could maintain the high temperature period （above 55.0 ℃） for more than 15 d， reached the harmless requirements. The T value was less than 0.6， which met the requirements of maturity. Compared with pre-fermentation and post-fermentation， composting led to a decrease in total oganic carbon， but humic substances carbon of 4 treatments increased， and the degree of humification increased. Chicken manure had the best effect on promoting the humification process of compost， after the composting， huminification rate increased by 19.28%， humification index increased by 65.80%， and degree of humus polymerization was 2.38. Adding pig manure as nitrogen source was lower than adding chicken manure， higher than adding biogas residue and urea. The huminification rate of adding biogas residue compost was the highest， but degree of humus polymerization was only 1.61， and the stability of compost products was poor. The decrease of humification index and degree of humus polymerization in coconut leaf compost with urea as nitrogen source hindered its humification process. In conclusion， humification effect was best when adding chicken manure as a nitrogen to source coconut leaf compost， and the results provided a scientific basis for the resource utilization of coconut leaf waste in Hainan. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Breeding Progress of Anthocyanin Corn Wenzhu YANG, Rumei CHEN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2022, 24 (8): 18-24.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0740 Abstract （337）   HTML （11）    PDF （1371KB）（450）       Knowledge map    Save Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigment and antioxidant widespread in the nature. In recent years， the health care functions of anthocyanins， such as anti-inflammation and anti-aging， have gradually gained public concern and recognition. With the increase of sweet and waxy fresh corn market and planting area year by year， the fresh corns rich in anthocyanin are very popular with consumers. In addition to fresh food， anthocyanin corn can also be used as raw materials for industrial extraction， and the extracted anthocyanins are widely used. For the past few years， anthocyanin maize breeding has also made great progress， and genetic engineering breeding has also made a breakthrough. Here， this paper reviewed the synthesis and metabolism of anthocyanin， applications and market prospect， conventional breeding and genetic engineering of anthocyanin corn， which provided a reference for breeding and development of anthocyanin maize in future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and Application of Directed Micro -Ecology in Soybean -Nodulating Rhizobia Yi CAO, Wenjing CUI, Ruiqiang MA Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (4): 215-224.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0758 Abstract （425）   HTML （1）    PDF （2052KB）（443）       Knowledge map    Save China has abundant soybean-nodulating rhizobia germplasm resources， but its application progress is slow， which inoculation area is only 1%~3% of the total soybean planting area in the country. The main reason for the situation is that rhizobia cannot produce spores and have poor stress resistance， resulting in short product shelf life and unstable application effects. In order to diversify， functionalize and differentiate rhizobia products and improve product activity and application effects， a directed micro-ecology （DME） system was used to optimize the culture and successfully achieved the directing cultivation as well as application evaluation of rhizobia and bacillus strains. The optimal culture medium for rhizobia （25.5 mL·L-1 molasses solution， 15.2 g·L-1 yeast extract， pH 6.98） was obtained through single-factor experiment of culture medium and response surface method. The medium formulation was applied in DME incubator at proper ventilation volume and incubation time， which made 1 strain of rhizobia （100 L·min-1， 20 h） and 3 strains of bacillus （150 L·min-1， 14 h） to achieve more than 50-folds amplification of microbial quantities to reach （20~50）×108 CFU·mL-1， and the rate of miscellaneous microorganism contamination was controlled below 5%. Pot experiments showed that the treatments of DME incubating strains were significantly better than the similar treatments of conventional cultured strains in the laboratory， which indicated that the DME incubator could better realize the application performances of functional microorganisms. The combination of rhizobia and bacillus could assist the rhizobia to better deliver its symbiotic function， which was specifically reflected in the increased number of nodules and chlorophyll content in the seedling stage， and the final yield was increased by nearly 20%， compared with single rhizobia strain. The DME system proposed in this study through the control of directed nutrition and growth strategies， allowed the target functional microorganisms to reach application-level yield and purity in a microecological environment containing a variety of microorganisms， achieving the same application performance as pure culture microbial product. It had important significance and application value to promote the industrialization of rhizobia， accelerating the promotion and application of functional strains. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome-wide Identification and Bioinformatics Analysis of GRAS Gene Family in Maize Zhanqing WU, Wei CHEN, Zhan ZHAO, Hailiang XU, Haoyuan LI, Xingxing PENG, Dongxu CHEN, Mingyue ZHANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (3): 15-25.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0551 Abstract （482）   HTML （17）    PDF （5358KB）（442）       Knowledge map    Save GRAS gene family is a kind of transcription factor widely distributed in plants， which plays an important role in plant growth and development， biological and abiotic stress， light signal， hormone signal response and other processes. The physicochemical properties， chromosome localization， phylogeny and cis-acting elements of GRAS gene family in maize were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 49 ZmGRAS genes were identified in the whole genome of maize， which were unevenly distributed on chromosomes 1 to 10， and the physicochemical properties of the encoded proteins were very different， which might play a role in different microenvironments. Phylogenetic analysis classified GRAS proteins into 8 subfamilies， which might play important roles in regulating growth and development and stress response. The promoter regions of GRAS genes in maize contained variety of cis-acting elements such as hormone response， light response and stress response， which might be involved in important response such as hormone and stress. Collinear analysis showed that genes with collinear relationships might be the result of replication of chromosome segments， and belonged to the same subfamily with similar structure and function. The identification and analysis of GRAS gene family in maize provided the basis for further research on the function of GRAS genes and their response mechanisms to stress in maize. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Scientific and Technological Innovation of Soybean Seed Industry in China：Current Situation and Strategy Wenyue WANG, Zhipeng YAO, Yang YU, Yiqiang GE Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (3): 1-6.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0016 Abstract （488）   HTML （30）    PDF （3619KB）（440）       Knowledge map    Save China is a major soybean consumer and importer. Promoting the revitalization of the soybean industry and strengthening the technological innovation of the soybean seed industry have great significances for ensuring China’s food and safety. Based on the data of China’s soybean planting area， export， and import volume since 2016 and relevant research advances， this paper analyzed the situation challenges faced by China’s soybean industry， such as large rigid demand and long-term dependence on imports， low average yield level and limited planting area， and potential risks faced by imports that would exist for a long time and are not easy to share. This paper briefly described the scientific and technological innovation results of China’s soybean seed industry during the “13th Five-Year” Plan period， and systematically analyzed the problems faced by the scientific and technological innovation of China’s soybean seed industry， such as low research level of germplasm resources， insufficient original scientific and technological innovation ability， imperfect commercial breeding system， lagging intellectual property protection system. It also put forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the scientific and technological innovation and development of China’s soybean seed industry， in order to promote China’s soybean seed industry technology self-reliance development. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Response Characteristics of Soil Microecology in Long-term Continuous Cropping Tobacco Field Under 4 Rotation Patterns Xudong ZHOU, Tianhua HAN, Yunxin SHEN, Zhufeng SHI, Biao HE, Mingying YANG, Weihua PEI, Yonghong HE, Peiwen YANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (3): 174-187.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0743 Abstract （262）   HTML （8）    PDF （4190KB）（439）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the effects of rotation of flue-cured tobacco and different crops on soil quality control of long-term continuous cropping， 4 rotation treatments were set， including barley and flue-cured tobacco （YCDM）， garlic and flue-cured tobacco （YCDS）， rape and flue-cured tobacco （YCYC）， and broad bean and flue-cured tobacco （YCCD）， and the tobacco planting plots with continuous cropping for more than 10 years was used as control （CK）. The physicochemical properties， enzyme activities and microbial community structures of soils under different rotation treatments were analyzed. Based on correlation analysis and redundancy analysis， the relationship between soil physicochemical properties， enzyme activities and microbial community structure was analyzed. The results showed that， compared with CK， soil bulk density decreased by 26.58%~30.29% and total porosity increased by 21.13%~48.26%. Compared with CK， soil pH， available nitrogen （AN）， available phosphorus （AP） and available potassium （AK） contents under the YCCD treatment significantly increased by 11.84%， 30.57%， 6.42% and 41.1%， respectively. Compared with CK， the activities of catalase （CAT）， invertase （INV）， urease （URE） and acid phosphatase （ACP） increased by 16.81%~42.35%， 38.09%~51.48%， 7.69%~64.29% and 5.82%~76.33%， respectively. The YCCD mode had the most significant improvement effect. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the OTUs of bacteria under rotation treatments was significantly higher than that of CK. The α-diversity showed that the richness and diversity of bacterial communities were significantly different among different rotation treatments. The richness of fungal communities was significantly different， but the diversity was not. The results of β-diversity analysis showed that the differences of soil fungal communities among different rotation treatments were small， and the differences of soil bacterial communities were large. Among them， YCCD treatment had the largest difference in bacterial and fungal communities compared with CK. At the phylum level， the YCCD treatment increased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria， while decreased the relative abundance of Ascomycota. Correlation analysis and redundancy analysis showed that URE， AN， AK and pH were the key factors affecting soil microbial community structure. In conclusion， reasonable rotation of flue-cured tobacco and other crops could improve soil available nutrient content and soil enzyme activity， and then regulate soil microbial community structure， which could reduce the obstacles of continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco， and finally achieve the goal of stable yield and increase of flue-cured tobacco. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Temporal and Spatial Variation of Xinjiang Natural Grassland and Their Responses to Climate Factors Weikang ZHAO, Changqing JING, Chen CHEN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (7): 197-206.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0931 Abstract （180）   HTML （5）    PDF （4986KB）（436）       Knowledge map    Save Based on remote sensing data such as net primary productivity （NPP）， normal difference vegetation index （NDVI） and climate factors （temperature and precipitation）， the temporal and spatial variation of grassland NPP and grassland NDVI in Xinjiang and their responses to climate factors were analyzed by the unary linear regression model， correlation analysis and other methods. The results showed that the annual average values of grassland NPP and NDVI both showed an upward trend. The spatial distribution of grassland NPP over the years showed a trend of high in the north and low in the south， and the spatial distribution of grassland NDVI showed a trend of gradually decreasing from northwest to southeast. From 1985 to 2015， the average annual temperature and precipitation both showed an upward trend. Overall， the average annual temperature in the basin was higher than that in the mountainous area， and the average annual precipitation in the mountainous area was more than that in the basin. From the perspective of spatial correlation， whether it was grassland NPP or grassland NDVI， the area of grassland positively correlated with precipitation was larger than that of grassland positively correlated with temperature， and the correlation coefficient with precipitation was higher than that with temperature. It showed that precipitation was the main influencing factor of grassland vegetation in Xinjiang， which deepened the understanding of Xinjiang grassland’s response to climate factors and provided data support for the response to climate change. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Trichoderma Affects Crop Growth and Soil Ecological Environment Xin ZHAO, Yifei WANG, Jiajia WANG, Peiyao WANG, Guiduan WANG, Lixia ZHU, Lili LI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (11): 166-172.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0456 Abstract （317）   HTML （10）    PDF （462KB）（434）       Knowledge map    Save Trichoderma is a genus of common filamentous fungi and is widely used in agriculture as biofungicides， which can be used to control a variety of plant diseases. As is known， Trichoderma can not only well control crop diseases， but also improve soil physical-chemical properties and enhance soil productivity. However， its control effects on crop growth and soil ecological environment are not clear. Therefore， this work summarized the effects of Trichoderma on disease resistance， yield and growth of crops， the effects of Trichoderma on soil ecological environment were also reviewed from the perspective of soil physical， chemical and microbial properties. Additionally， this paper pointed out the shortcomings of the existing research on the impact of Trichoderma on crops and soil properties， and stressed corresponding prospects to promote crop growth and improve soil fertility in the future. This review could provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth promotion and application of Trichoderma in agricultural production. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics