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Global Genetically Modified Crop Industrialization Trends in 2022 Haohui LI, Caiyue LIU, Haiwen ZHANG, Xujing WANG, Qiaoling TANG, Youhua WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (12): 6-16.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0756 Abstract （1324）   HTML （76）    PDF （752KB）（739）       Knowledge map    Save Since the commercialization of genetically modified （GM） crops in 1996， their industrial applications have developed rapidly in worldwide with increasing planting area and crop types， which have significant economic and social benefits. This paper analyzed the global situation of GM crops cultivation in 2022， and the development trends of major countries and regions planting GM crops. In 2022， the planting area of GM crops accounted for about 12% of the total arable land area with an increase of 3.3%. The number of the countries approved to cultivate GM crops increased to 29， and 71 countries and regions approved the commercial application of GM products. Based on the planting area of GM crops， the GM corn and soybean were dominant， and the planting area of the GM crops with multiple traits was also constantly expanding. The industrial applications of GM crops will become new growth driver for agricultural production and economic development， and the applications and effects of GM crops will continuously increase with the iterative upgrading of bioengineering breeding technologies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of Eukaryotic Expression Vector of African Swine Fever Virus O174L Protein and Analysis of Molecular Characteristics Shagainar Jurmt, Xiao LIN, Zhaoji SHEN, Xiaorong GUO, Kui LI, Hong JIA, Rong ZHOU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (4): 114-127.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0162 Abstract （430）   HTML （2）    PDF （7973KB）（27）       Knowledge map    Save To study the O174L gene of African swine fever virus （ASFV）， the O174L gene was connected to the vector pRK5M-C-2×Strep through homologous recombination， and the eukaryotic expression vector of ASFV was constructed. After PCR amplification and sequencing identification， the recombinant plasmid was transfected into porcine intestinal epithelial cells （IPEC-J2）. The expression of O174L protein was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. The PCR and sequencing results showed that recombinant plasmid pRK5M-C-2×Strep-O174L was successfully constructed. The results of immunofluorescence and Western blot showed that O174L protein could be stably expressed in IPEC-J2 cells. Bioinformatics analysis of O174L protein showed that the arrangement of the branches and isolates of the phylogenetic tree based on the O174L gene sequence was highly similar to that based on the B646L （p72） gene sequence. Among the 16 isolates from China， the similarity of the O174L gene sequence between the isolates was as high as 96.76%~100.00%. Compared with other type Ⅱ isolates in China， China/2018/AnhuiXCGQ had differences in the 67th， 75th and 110th amino acids of O174L， and GZ201801 had difference in the 110th amino acids. The O174L amino acid sequence of type Ⅰ isolates SD/DY-I/2021 and HeN/ZZ-P1/2021 were different from other Chinese type Ⅱ isolates at 13th， 73th， 93th， 95th， 113th and 114th amino acids， respectively. O174L protein was a stable hydrophilic protein without signal peptide and transmembrane region. The secondary structure of O174L protein was composed of α helix， β strand and random coil， and the prediction result of tertiary structure was consistent with the secondary structure. Above results provided the basis and experimental materials for studying the protein interaction and genetic evolution between ASFV and host. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development Status and Prospects of Rice Industry in Heilongjiang Province Yingnan GU, Xin LIU, Jingyuan WANG, Xinyu DUAN, Ying HUANG, Qingjuan LIN, Yanxia LIU, Hongwen BI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (12): 17-25.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1005 Abstract （421）   HTML （17）    PDF （1755KB）（410）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years， the rice industry in Heilongjiang province has developed well in planting， production and marketing， but there are still some problems such as quality degradation and low efficiency of processing enterprises. In order to promote the development of high-quality rice industry in Heilongjiang province， and improve productivity and efficiency，based on the statistical yearbook data of Heilongjiang province， field survey information and literature data， this paper analyzed the change characteristics of rice variety breeding， production and planting， quality， processing and sales of japonica rice in Heilongjiang province from 2016 to 2021， put forward suggestions to accelerate the development of rice industry in Heilongjiang province， including the construction of research and innovation center of seed industry， the construction of green ecological demonstration area and the strengthening of rice processing industry， which provided a variety of feasible ideas for the development of rice industry in Heilongjiang province. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Cyprinid Herpesvirus Ⅱ （CyHV-Ⅱ） Vaccine Linjiao WU, Lifang SUN, Chunhua ZHU, Hong ZHANG, Panpan DONG, Leiqing CHEN, Yunkun WU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (2): 137-144.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0775 Abstract （412）   HTML （3）    PDF （940KB）（64）       Knowledge map    Save Cyprinid herpesvirus Ⅱ （CyHV-Ⅱ） is the cause of （goldfish haematopoietic necrosis， GFHN），which can infect goldfish， Crucian carp and their hybrid at any developmental stage. It is a highly contagious disease with high mortality rate， which has caused huge economic losses to goldfish and Crucian carp aquaculture in China. The research and development of fish vaccine is the most effective way to prevent and treat the disease. The research and development progress of inactivated CyHV-Ⅱ vaccine， subunit vaccine， nucleic acid vaccine， live vector vaccine and Nano-delivered vaccines were reviewed in this paper. Furthermore， the application prospect of fish vaccine nano materials was discussed， which would provide new technical methods and new ideas for the prevention and treatment of goldfish herpes disease and fish vaccine research. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Layout and Implementation Effect Analysis of the “13 th Five-Year” National Key Research and Development Program’s “Forestry Resource Cultivation and Efficient Utilization Technology Innovation” Wen DONG, Ming CAI, Pan HU, Miao LU, Zhenzhong WANG, Kangtai SUN, Yufei LI, Bingyou LU, Hui ZHANG, Xiaoming DENG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (4): 1-8.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0767 Abstract （394）   HTML （10）    PDF （834KB）（182）       Knowledge map    Save The reform of the “13th Five-Year” National Science and Technology Plan established a new framework for national key research and development programs. The inclusion of the “Forestry Resource Cultivation and Efficient Utilization Technology Innovation” aimed to support technological innovation in forestry. This initiative was strategically designed to reveal mechanisms for regulating forestry resource cultivation and efficient utilization， enhance the unit productivity of major artificial forests， and improve resource utilization efficiency. The approach involved organizing basic research， key technology research， and technology integration demonstrations through an “innovation chain layout and integrated implementation of the industrial chain”. By the end of 2022， the program had concluded successfully and completed the comprehensive performance evaluation. This study， focusing the "Forestry Resource Cultivation and Efficient Utilization Technology Innovation" of the “13th Five-Year” National Science and Technology Plan， summarized and analyzed the background， project initiation， and implementation effectiveness， which would serve as a valuable reference for the future allocation， organization and management of forestry science and technology resources. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Scientific and Technological Innovation of Soybean Seed Industry in China：Current Situation and Strategy Wenyue WANG, Zhipeng YAO, Yang YU, Yiqiang GE Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (3): 1-6.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0016 Abstract （373）   HTML （28）    PDF （3619KB）（277）       Knowledge map    Save China is a major soybean consumer and importer. Promoting the revitalization of the soybean industry and strengthening the technological innovation of the soybean seed industry have great significances for ensuring China’s food and safety. Based on the data of China’s soybean planting area， export， and import volume since 2016 and relevant research advances， this paper analyzed the situation challenges faced by China’s soybean industry， such as large rigid demand and long-term dependence on imports， low average yield level and limited planting area， and potential risks faced by imports that would exist for a long time and are not easy to share. This paper briefly described the scientific and technological innovation results of China’s soybean seed industry during the “13th Five-Year” Plan period， and systematically analyzed the problems faced by the scientific and technological innovation of China’s soybean seed industry， such as low research level of germplasm resources， insufficient original scientific and technological innovation ability， imperfect commercial breeding system， lagging intellectual property protection system. It also put forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the scientific and technological innovation and development of China’s soybean seed industry， in order to promote China’s soybean seed industry technology self-reliance development. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Whole Genome Sequencing of Multi-drug Resistant Escherichia coli and Its Drug Resistance Analysis Haili LI, Yindi XU, Zhifang WANG, Wenhao ZHU, Lixian ZHANG, Chunjiang MA Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (6): 113-121.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0169 Abstract （370）   HTML （3）    PDF （4555KB）（47）       Knowledge map    Save In order to understand colistin resistance genes carried by Escherichia coli， screen sensitive plant drugs， and solve the dilemma of multiple drug resistance and no drug option in animal clinic， the resistance genes of Escherichia coli were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 78 antibiotics were detected， and the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of 4 kinds of natural plant extracts （palmatine， berberine， baicalin and macleaya cordata） were tested. The results showed that 145 strains of E.coli were isolated and identified from intestinal tract of swine clinical diarrhea cases in 2021 （from January to December） and 2022 （from January to June）， and a clinical strain carrying colistin resistance genes （mcr-4，mcr-5） and β-lactamases blaTEM and AmpC was identified， which named HN2149. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 78 antibiotics showed that the HN2149 strains was sensitive to cefepime， cefodizime， fosfomycin， cefixime， meropenem， cefoxitin， cefazolin， cefoperazone， cefotaxime， ceftazidime， cefuroxime， ceftriaxone， aztreonam， piperacillin-tazobactam， ticacillin/clavulanic acid， cefoperazone sulbactam， ceftazidime/clavulanic acid， cefotaxime/clavulanic acid， ceftizoxime， cefmetazole， cefetamet， and was resistant to 57 antibiotics. The drug sensitivity of 4 plant extracts showed that the macleaya cordata had the best bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect on HN2149 strain， while the other 3 extracts had no effects on HN2149 strain. Above results provided reference for the prevention and control of swine colibacillosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome-wide Identification and Bioinformatics Analysis of GRAS Gene Family in Maize Zhanqing WU, Wei CHEN, Zhan ZHAO, Hailiang XU, Haoyuan LI, Xingxing PENG, Dongxu CHEN, Mingyue ZHANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (3): 15-25.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0551 Abstract （360）   HTML （15）    PDF （5358KB）（214）       Knowledge map    Save GRAS gene family is a kind of transcription factor widely distributed in plants， which plays an important role in plant growth and development， biological and abiotic stress， light signal， hormone signal response and other processes. The physicochemical properties， chromosome localization， phylogeny and cis-acting elements of GRAS gene family in maize were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 49 ZmGRAS genes were identified in the whole genome of maize， which were unevenly distributed on chromosomes 1 to 10， and the physicochemical properties of the encoded proteins were very different， which might play a role in different microenvironments. Phylogenetic analysis classified GRAS proteins into 8 subfamilies， which might play important roles in regulating growth and development and stress response. The promoter regions of GRAS genes in maize contained variety of cis-acting elements such as hormone response， light response and stress response， which might be involved in important response such as hormone and stress. Collinear analysis showed that genes with collinear relationships might be the result of replication of chromosome segments， and belonged to the same subfamily with similar structure and function. The identification and analysis of GRAS gene family in maize provided the basis for further research on the function of GRAS genes and their response mechanisms to stress in maize. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Anti-diarrhoeal Genes and Immune Factors in Local Pig Breeds in Shanghai Jinyong ZHOU, Lingwei SUN, Keqin ZHANG, Jianjun DAI, Defu ZHANG, Zhenguo WANG, Xing ZHU, Caifeng WU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (4): 128-143.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0229 Abstract （343）   HTML （0）    PDF （5055KB）（48）       Knowledge map    Save In order to identify effective genetic markers for transporter-associated with antigen processing 1 （TAP1）， α（1， 2） fucosyltransferase 1 （FUT1）， natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 （NRAMP1）， mucin 4 （MUC4） and mucin 13 （MUC13） genes in Shanghai local pig breeds， including Shanghai White pig， Fengjing pig and Shawutou pig， and provide a reference for the characterization of Shanghai local pig breeds，polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLR） and sequence sequencing were applied to analyze the polymorphisms of the above genes， combined with some immune-related factors to explore the effects on immunity of the 3 Shanghai local pig breeds. The results showed that TAP1 and MUC4 genes had anti-diarrheal genotype GG in all 3 pig breeds， while anti-diarrheal genotype GG of MUC13 gene was detected only in Fengjing pig and Shawutou pig， and anti-diarrheal genotype AA of FUT1 and NRAMP1 genes were not detected in any of the 3 pig breeds. TAP1 gene was in moderate polymorphism in Shanghai White pig， Fengjing pig and Shawutou pig， the MUC4 gene of Shanghai White pig was in low polymorphism， the MUC4 gene of Fengjing pig and Shawutou pig was in moderate polymorphism， and the MUC13 gene of Shanghai White pig was in moderate polymorphism， among which the TAP1 gene of Shanghai White pig and Shawutou pig did not satisfy Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium， and the MUC4 gene of Fengjing pig did not satisfy Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The interleukin 12 （IL-12） level of MUC13 gene type AA was significantly higher than that of type AG in Shanghai White pig， the tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α） index of TAP1 gene type AA was significantly higher than that of type GG and AG in Fengjing pig， and the IL-12 index of TAP1 gene type AG was significantly higher than that of type GG in Shawutou pig. Above results had some guiding significance for anti-diarrheal breeding and molecular selection of Shanghai White pig， Fengjing pig and Shawutou pig， and also laid the foundation for future anti-diarrheal breeding work of each local pig breeds in Shanghai. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Immune Effect of Nocardia seriolae Caviar Vaccine on Grouper Haofeng GAO, Peng SHAO, Zun WU, Yating WU, Xiaoyu WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (2): 145-152.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0653 Abstract （342）   HTML （1）    PDF （1457KB）（78）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the immune effect of inactivated vaccine of Nocardia seriolae on grouper， the immune protection of the vaccine on grouper was analyzed by the expression of immune gene. In this study， formalin-inactivated vaccine was prepared by this bacteria， and the pearl gentian grouper was immunized by intraperitoneal injection. The expression changes of TLR2， MyD88， TNF-α and IL-1β immune gene in the kidney， liver and spleen of the fish were detected by fluorescence quantitative method. The results showed that by injecting inactivated vaccine， the expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β genes were higher in kidney tissues， MyD88 gene’s expression was higher in spleen tissues， and TLR2 gene’s expression was higher in liver tissues. Except for a trend of decreasing relative expression of TNF-α gene in the tissue spleen， and the other genes showed up-regulation in all organs compared with that in blank group. Above results provided a theoretical basis for exploring the interaction between pearl gentian grouper and Nocardia seriolae， and laid a foundation for the development and application of fishery vaccines. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Differential Expression Paradigm of Chemoreceptor Genes Between Males and Females at Different Developmental Stages of Carposina sasakii Matsumura Qian ZHANG, Lina MEN, Yiran LI, Qiao LIU, Angie DENG, Xiaowen HU, Yuhong ZHANG, Zhiwei ZHANG, Wei ZHANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (8): 151-162.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0338 Abstract （336）   HTML （0）    PDF （2139KB）（23）       Knowledge map    Save Carposina sasakii Matsumura is a notable fruit pest that damages many types of fruit trees. Behavior regulation technology has gradually gained attraction as a potential pest control method that is both environmentally conscious and effective. The insect behavioral mechanism of chemosensory perception is the basis of behavior regulation. A total of 242 olfactory genes were identified in the antenna transcriptome of the C. sasakii. Based on sequence alignment and functional background of similar genes in related species， 13 olfactory genes were selected and their potential recognition functions were analyzed using RT-qPCR. The results showed that 6 genes differentially expressioned between males and females at different developmental stages （ P<0.05）， which corresponded to the behavioral phenotypes of adults. According to the difference expression levels between male and female adults during newly emerged， mature unmated and mature mated， OBP11 might play a role in detecting pheromones and mating behavior， OR45 might correspond to host-seeking and oviposition activities and IR5 was associated with mating and oviposition behavior. Above results laid theoretical molecular foundation for the identification of C. sasakii pheromone and olfactory-related genes and supported the implementation of behavioral regulators against the olfactory perception mechanism of C. sasakii as a more environmentally sustainable pest control strategy. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pathogen Identification of Kiwi Bacterial Wilt in Fujian Mengting JI, Changjiang CHEN, Liuhe LUO, Zhijian LIN, Menglin ZHAN, Bingye YANG, Fangping HU, Xueqing CAI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (4): 144-152.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1058 Abstract （332）   HTML （8）    PDF （3160KB）（55）       Knowledge map    Save To identify the pathogenic agent of a newly bacterial wilt disease in kiwifruit， which found in Shihou village， Jiaocheng district， Ningde city， Fujian province in recent years， the bacterial strains were isolated and purified by the dilution separation method. The pathogenicity of the isolated strains was tested by inoculating on stems and roots of kiwifruit seedlings， and its taxonomic status were identified by Koch’s postulates， bacteria biological and biochemical characteristics， biolog test， PCR verification with the specific primer， evolutionary type was determined by multiplex PCR， analysis of 16S rDNA and endoglucanase gene （egl） sequences. The results showed that 9 strains were isolated and purified from the vascular tissues of the infected stems. Followed Kock’s postulates， the 9 strains could produce the similar symptoms on the inoculated kiwifruit seedlings， and the similar bacterial strains were also re-isolated. The colony morphology of the isolates was irregular， flat， spreading around， and could not produce viscous substances in NA medium， the colony color was dark red， producing reddish-brown pigment diffused into the medium and poor fluidity in TTC medium， while the colony was milky whitish in YDC medium. According to all kinds of analysis， the 9 isolates were identified as Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum， belonging to biovar Ⅲ， phylotype Ⅰ （Asia group）， sequevar 14. This was the first report of a disease caused by R.pseudosolanacearum on kiwifruit （Actinidia chinensis Planch）. Above results provided a theoretical basis for the accurate and effective prevention and control of kiwifruit bacterial wilt. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bactericidal Mechanism of Antimicrobial Peptide PAJE Against Staphylococcus aureus and SCVs Siqi GAO, Xinjian YANG, Deqi ZHU, Mingwei GUAN, Yunting KOU, Cheng MAN, Jian JIAO Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (5): 156-166.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0878 Abstract （331）   HTML （0）    PDF （2850KB）（35）       Knowledge map    Save Staphylococcus aureus （S. aureus） and the small colony variants （SCVs） infection are considered as main issues affect livestock and poultry health. However， there are still many challenges in persistent and recurrent infections， and even drug resistance for treatment of traditional antibiotics.The antimicrobial peptide PAJE has the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. To study the mechanisms of peptide PAJE against S. aureus and SCVs， the antibacterial activity， stability and biological characteristics were determined. The results indicated that the antibacterial peptide PAJE had a penetration ability to destruct bacterial cell wall， even permeated 54.7% and 62.9% cell membrane. Additionally， the peptide PAJE could also up-regulate the Agr regulatory system genes， down-regulate the SigB regulatory system and biofilm forming related genes， which greatly inhibited biofilm formation. In addition， higher temperature and pH stability made PAJE better processing， storage， and environmental tolerance. In conclusion， the antimicrobial peptide PAJE could be a potential candidate peptide for the treatment of S. aureus， SCVs and their biofilm infections， which provided theoretical support for the development of reduce and replace antibiotics products. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibition Mechanism of Water Extract from Spent Mushroom Substrateagainst Phytophthora infestans in potatoes Wenjing MO, Hongsen CHEN, Fangze GUI, Ciqing HONG, Xinkai CAI, Xiong GUAN, Xiaohong PAN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (5): 129-137.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0159 Abstract （328）   HTML （0）    PDF （3149KB）（37）       Knowledge map    Save Mushroom substrate is the residue of mushroom production， which is rich in inorganic salts and organic matter. The water extract from spent mushroom substrate（WESMS） of Lentinula edodes was prepared by hot water extraction，the ultraviolet （UV） absorption， surface charge and particle size distribution were characterized using an UV spectrophotometer， Zeta potential and particle size analyzer. The inhibition rate of WESMS against Phytophthora infestans was calculated by plate penetration and cross diameter measurement. Further， both optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the damage caused by WESMS to the morphology of the pathogen cells. Subsequently， the impact of WESMS on the DNA of Phytophthora infestans was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that WESMS could absorb UV rays at A （UVA， 315~400 nm）， B （UVB， 280~315 nm） and C （UVC， 100~280 nm） bands. Moreover， the particle size distribution in water was 3 649.27 nm. The antibacterial experiment showed that WESMS had an inhibitory effect on the growth of pathogens. The inhibitory effect became more obvious with the increase of the volume percentage concentration of WESMS. The inhibition rate of WESMS against pathogens was nearly 100% at a high volume concentration of 6.25%. The mycelia of pathogenic cells treated with WESMS exhibited obvious distortion， flatness and wrinkles compared with the control group， which indicated that WESMS could cause severe damage to cells. In addition， the DNA band brightness of the treatment group was darker than that of the control group， and the degree of DNA damage was positively related to the volume percentage concentration of WESMS. Above results provided scientific basis and technical support for the utilization of spent mushroom substrate and its use in the effective control of potato late blight. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Countermeasures and Suggestions for Promoting the Industrialization of China’s Biological Breeding Technology Jingli GUO, Yuhong ZHANG, Caijiao SHENG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (12): 1-5.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0608 Abstract （324）   HTML （15）    PDF （412KB）（222）       Knowledge map    Save Compared with traditional breeding technology， modern biological breeding technology has many advantages， such as high efficiency， good precision and short R&D cycle. It has become the research focus in the global seed industry. This article summarized the current development status of biological breeding industrialization in China， and proposed promotion strategies and suggestions based on the problems existing in the industrialization development. In China， modern biological breeding technologies represented by transgenic， gene editing， and genomic selection technologies are progressing in parallel with developed countries， and pilot projects for the industrialization of biological breeding have been initiated. Positive progress has been made in the industrialization of biological breeding in China， with the biological breeding industry becoming an important driver of rural economic development， the establishment of a preliminary technological innovation system across the entire industry chain， and the formation of a basic industrial policy and regulatory system. However， there are still prominent issues that need to be addressed， such as a high dependence on foreign R&D equipment in biological breeding， constraints on key core technologies， weak market competitiveness， and a lag in the supporting system for intellectual property rights in industrial applications of biological breeding. It is urgent to strengthen the construction of the biological breeding organization system， the technology research and development system， the scientific and technological equipment system， and the market supervision system. Emphasis should be placed on cultivating large multinational market entities to provide support for the orderly development of China’s industrialization of biological breeding. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and Application of Directed Micro -Ecology in Soybean -Nodulating Rhizobia Yi CAO, Wenjing CUI, Ruiqiang MA Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (4): 215-224.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0758 Abstract （322）   HTML （0）    PDF （2052KB）（93）       Knowledge map    Save China has abundant soybean-nodulating rhizobia germplasm resources， but its application progress is slow， which inoculation area is only 1%~3% of the total soybean planting area in the country. The main reason for the situation is that rhizobia cannot produce spores and have poor stress resistance， resulting in short product shelf life and unstable application effects. In order to diversify， functionalize and differentiate rhizobia products and improve product activity and application effects， a directed micro-ecology （DME） system was used to optimize the culture and successfully achieved the directing cultivation as well as application evaluation of rhizobia and bacillus strains. The optimal culture medium for rhizobia （25.5 mL·L-1 molasses solution， 15.2 g·L-1 yeast extract， pH 6.98） was obtained through single-factor experiment of culture medium and response surface method. The medium formulation was applied in DME incubator at proper ventilation volume and incubation time， which made 1 strain of rhizobia （100 L·min-1， 20 h） and 3 strains of bacillus （150 L·min-1， 14 h） to achieve more than 50-folds amplification of microbial quantities to reach （20~50）×108 CFU·mL-1， and the rate of miscellaneous microorganism contamination was controlled below 5%. Pot experiments showed that the treatments of DME incubating strains were significantly better than the similar treatments of conventional cultured strains in the laboratory， which indicated that the DME incubator could better realize the application performances of functional microorganisms. The combination of rhizobia and bacillus could assist the rhizobia to better deliver its symbiotic function， which was specifically reflected in the increased number of nodules and chlorophyll content in the seedling stage， and the final yield was increased by nearly 20%， compared with single rhizobia strain. The DME system proposed in this study through the control of directed nutrition and growth strategies， allowed the target functional microorganisms to reach application-level yield and purity in a microecological environment containing a variety of microorganisms， achieving the same application performance as pure culture microbial product. It had important significance and application value to promote the industrialization of rhizobia， accelerating the promotion and application of functional strains. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Mechanism of Brassinosteroids Regulating Plant Salt Tolerance Chen CHEN, Dawei CHENG, Lan LI, Hong GU, Xizhi GUO, Ming LI, Jinyong CHEN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (2): 1-12.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0923 Abstract （315）   HTML （11）    PDF （3066KB）（188）       Knowledge map    Save Brassinosteroid（BR）， as a novel and highly efficient plant hormone， is widely involved in various physiological processes of plants and has important roles in alleviating abiotic stresses. This article elaborated the biological functions of BR treatment in alleviating salt stress， and summarized the BR signaling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana， rice and several horticultural plants. By introducing the salt tolerance mechanism of BR， it further analyzed the response signal transduction pathways when the plants subjected to salt stress， which provided a theoretical basis for the application of BR in improving salt tolerance in plants. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Streptomyces rochei HM85 and Its Biocontrol and Growth-promoting Effects on Sugar Beet Zhimin YANG, Huihao ZHANG, Yuanyuan ZHANG, Hongyan DU, Xiaodong LIU, Yaguang HOU, Yi WANG, Daolong XU, Jingui HUANG, Xiaoning CHENG, Yang SUI, Ruili WANG, Chao YU, Lingling ZHAO, Chunmei CHEN, Ru YA, Li JIA, Mingyue ZHANG, Hongwei WANG, Songyao YAO, Ying ZHAO, Ke SHAO Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (5): 148-155.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0144 Abstract （306）   HTML （7）    PDF （2461KB）（33）       Knowledge map    Save Cercospora leaf sport of beet （CLS）， caused by Cercospora beticola， is the most destructive foliar fungal disease of sugar beet worldwide which seriously restricts the development of China’s sugar industry. In order to screen and identify the antagonistic strains with biocontrol applications against Cercospora beticola， the rhizosphere soil samples of sugar beet were collected from Hulunbuir， Inner Mongolia autonomous region and the antagonistic strain HM85 with stable antimicrobial activity was screened by dilution coating flat plate method and dual culture assay. The strain HM85 was identified as Streptomyces rochei based on its morphological，physiological and biochemical characteristics along with 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis．The results of dual culture test showed that the HM85 strain could significantly inhibit the growth of Cercospora beticola HB2-2-2 with inhibitory rate of 58.68%. In addition， the fermentation broth of S. rochei HM85 had antagonistic activity against Cercospora beticola and could promote the growth of sugar beet in pot tests，which plant height， fresh weight of plant，root length，fresh weight of root and root diameter was increased by 22.73%， 20.47%， 36.10%， 32.52%， 75.03% compared to the control， respectively. In summary， S. rochei HM85 could be exploited as a potential bio-inoculant improving production and biocontrol agent for sugar beet leaf sport disease control. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development Strategy on Agricultural Microbial Industry in China Jingli GUO, Dlxat Nilufar, Daqing WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (11): 1-7.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0682 Abstract （303）   HTML （11）    PDF （510KB）（300）       Knowledge map    Save The international market share of the agricultural microbial industry is increasing， making the development of germplasm resources， key technology research， safety monitoring and protection gradually become a battlefield in the field of agricultural microbial industry. It was found that the development of China's agricultural microbial industry still had limitations such as weak ability to tap and utilize resources， little breakthrough in key core technologies， weak international competitiveness of industrial development， and imperfect safety prevention and control system. In order to ensure national food security， improve the market share of biological agriculture economy， achieve green and sustainable development of agriculture， and consolidate the foundation of agricultural power. The government should accelerate the construction of the national agricultural microbial germplasm bank， strengthen the breakthrough of the key core technologies of agricultural microbial industry， optimize the development layout of agricultural microbial industry， increase support for agricultural microbial enterprises， improve the safety protection and monitoring system of agricultural microbial industry， and comprehensively enhance the international market share and international competitiveness of China's agricultural microbial industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Calibration of Discrete Element Parameter of Rice Stubble Straw Based on EDEM Zitao MA, Zhihao ZHAO, Wei QUAN, Fanggang SHI, Chen GAO, Mingliang WU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (11): 103-113.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1047 Abstract （259）   HTML （10）    PDF （2041KB）（213）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the accuracy of the parameters during the process of rice straw shredding and returning to the field in discrete element simulation， the stubble straw in the field after rice harvest were taken as the research object， and the contact parameters between straw and steel， straw and straw were measured through the slope test.Then based on simulation model and through the stacking angle and shear test， the bonding radius between straw model particles， tangential critical stress， normal critical stress， coefficient of restitution， static friction coefficient and dynamic friction coefficient were taken as the test factors， taking the shear resistance and radial stacking angle of straw as evaluation indicators， a multi-objective optimization simulation calibration experiment were conducted using the Box-Behnken experimental scheme.The results showed that the bonding radius between straw particles was 1.06 mm， and the normal critical stress of straw was 4.77×1010 Pa， tangential critical stress was 4.67×106 Pa， the collision restitution coefficient between straw and straw was 0.21， the static Friction coefficient was 0.19， and the rolling friction coefficient was 0.09. The results of the simulation test results under the optimal parameter combination conditions and the physical test showed that the relative errors of the shear resistance and radial stacking angle of straw in the simulation test and physical test were 1.7% and 2.8%， respectively. This study could provide reference for the discrete element simulation analysis between straw and straw， as well as between straw and agricultural machinery. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration on Intelligent Path of Animal Husbandry from Perspective of Metauniverse Fan YANG, Qingning LIN, Qi WANG, Shiping MAO Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (8): 1-8.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0406 Abstract （257）   HTML （7）    PDF （484KB）（71）       Knowledge map    Save The metaverse， as a prominent paradigm in the future digital world， presents a viable framework for the transformation and advancement of the livestock industry. Grounded in the metaverse perspective， this paper explored the pathway for the implementation of intelligent livestock farming， and discussed the current state and existing challenges in the intelligentization of the livestock industry. It proposed an intelligent pathway supported by technologies such as blockchain， artificial intelligence （AI） and the internet of things （IoT）. The realization pathway for intelligent livestock farming primarily encompassed the following aspects： firstly， implementing intelligent livestock farming through the utilization of big data and IoT technologies， involving systematic data collection and precise analysis to optmize production efficiency and monitor the health status of animals； secondly， adopting blockchain technology to record the origin， production process， and distribution chain of livestock products， thereby establishing a fully traceable product quality assurance system； thirdly， utilizing virtual education platforms for livestock industry training and education， assisting users in acquiring knowledge and skills within a virtual environment， ultimately enhancing technological innovation capabilities； and finally， leveraging the dual roles of government and market to activate elements such as funds， talent and technology， thereby propelling technological innovation and industry transformation and upgrading in the livestock sector. Based on these considerations， it was anticipated that the guidance of digital technology should lead to the high-quality development of the livestock industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Improvement of Heterologous Protein Secretion and Folding Pathways of Pichia pastoris Zequn LU, Ning LIU, Honglian ZHANG, Yuan WANG, Huoqing HUANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (1): 18-27.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0160 Abstract （232）   HTML （10）    PDF （519KB）（244）       Knowledge map    Save Most of the active proteins and industrial enzymes commonly used in industry， agriculture and medicine are obtained through heterologous expression systems. Pichia pastoris is one of the excellent hosts for expressing heterologous proteins. This expression system has the advantages including good genetic stability， high protein expression and secretory level， post-translational modification system， and low cost etc. However， excessive aggregation of heterologous proteins usually leads to incorrect fold and ineffective secretion of the target proteins， thus decling protein expression level. This paper reviewed the progress in the study on exogenous protein expression in Pichia pastoris by engineering the secretion and folding pathways such as signal peptide optimization， chaperone optimization and fusion protein expression. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Trichoderma Affects Crop Growth and Soil Ecological Environment Xin ZHAO, Yifei WANG, Jiajia WANG, Peiyao WANG, Guiduan WANG, Lixia ZHU, Lili LI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (11): 166-172.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0456 Abstract （227）   HTML （10）    PDF （462KB）（311）       Knowledge map    Save Trichoderma is a genus of common filamentous fungi and is widely used in agriculture as biofungicides， which can be used to control a variety of plant diseases. As is known， Trichoderma can not only well control crop diseases， but also improve soil physical-chemical properties and enhance soil productivity. However， its control effects on crop growth and soil ecological environment are not clear. Therefore， this work summarized the effects of Trichoderma on disease resistance， yield and growth of crops， the effects of Trichoderma on soil ecological environment were also reviewed from the perspective of soil physical， chemical and microbial properties. Additionally， this paper pointed out the shortcomings of the existing research on the impact of Trichoderma on crops and soil properties， and stressed corresponding prospects to promote crop growth and improve soil fertility in the future. This review could provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth promotion and application of Trichoderma in agricultural production. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Situation and High Quality Development Countermeasures of Watermelon and Muskmelon Industry in Beijing Lin ZHANG, Yantao YANG, Lili SONG, Shiping MAO Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (11): 20-27.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0313 Abstract （226）   HTML （10）    PDF （1823KB）（126）       Knowledge map    Save As one of the characteristic crop industries in Beijing， the high-quality development of watermelon is important for promoting the revitalization of rural industries， achieving wealth and income increase. In order to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth study of the current development status of the entire chain of Beijing’s watermelon industry， the systematic analysis has been conducted from the aspects of production scale， variety structure， facility cultivation， green development， brand construction， circulation mode， market price， etc. In addition， problems such as increasing external risk factors， urgent breakthroughs in core technologies， imbalance in labor supply and demand， difficulty in implementing supporting policies， and incomplete development of industrial chains was analyzed. The following countermeasures and suggestions was proposed： strengthening technology investment support， comprehensively attracting rural talents， promoting land transfer and moderate scale operation， promoting the integration and improvement of the “three chains”， and improving precise support policies for the entire chain， in order to promote the upgrading and high-quality development of the Beijing watermelon industry throughout the entire chain. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Global Transgenic Oilseed Rape Patent Information and Technology Outlook Mingdi CHEN, Xingru CHENG, Bo XU, Haiwen ZHANG, Wangtian WANG, Youhua WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (11): 8-19.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0508 Abstract （220）   HTML （7）    PDF （2390KB）（50）       Knowledge map    Save In order to promote the application of biological breeding technology in agriculture and understand the development status， cultivation， import and export， and industrialization of global genetically modified （GM） oilseed rape crop， the analysis of global GM oilseed rape patent information through the Intelligent Bud Database （PatSnap） showed the global GM oilseed rape development trend， key technology areas， key acceptance countries， recearch and development （R&D） capability of each country， technology of R&D institutions in each country， competitiveness of major applicant institutions， legal status of patents， etc. The outlook and suggestions were proposed on GM oilseed rape R&D， layout of agricultural fields， global competition and promotion of oilseed rape industrialization. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Meat Quality， Nutritional Components and Expression Characteristics of Meat Quality-related Genes in Tibetan Sheep at Different Altitudes Liangwei YAO, Yuzhu SHA, Xinyu GUO, Xiaoning PU, Ying XU, Jiqing WANG, Shaobin LI, Zhiyun HAO, Xiu LIU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (3): 66-75.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0385 Abstract （216）   HTML （9）    PDF （1113KB）（197）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the difference of meat quality and the expression characteristics of meat quality-related genes in Tibetan sheep at different altitudes， the meat quality and nutritional components of longissimus dorsi， triceps brachii and biceps femoris of Tibetan sheep at altitude 2 500， 3 500 and 4 500 m were determined， and the expression levels of meat-related genes （H-FABP， LPL， MC4R and CAST） were determined and their correlations were analyzed. The results showed that the Tibetan sheep meat of low altitude had lower shearing force， lower water loss rate， higher tenderness and better taste， especially longissimus dorsi was better than the other 2 parts. The Tibetan sheep meat of high altitude had higher cooked meat rate and higher meat yield. The contents of mineral and crude protein in high altitude Tibetan sheep meat were higher， while the low altitude Tibetan sheep meat was more succulent. Compared with the two leg muscles， the longissimus dorsi had better taste. The expression levels of genes related to meat quality were differences among different altitudes. Among them， H-FABP had the highest expression levels in different muscles at mid-altitude， and LPL， MC4R and CAST had the highest expression levels in biceps femoris of Tibetan sheep at low altitude， and was higher in the longissimus dorsi of Tibetan sheep at middle and high altitude. The correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of H-FABP， LPL， MC4R and CAST genes were significantly correlated with cooked meat rate， shear stress， water loss rate， ash， crude fat， crude protein and dry matter in Tibetan sheep. It showed that the meat quality and nutritional components of Tibetan sheep at different altitudes were different， and the expression levels of meat-related genes in different parts were also different， which affected the meat quality of Tibetan sheep. Above results provided basis for meat selection and genetic improvement of Tibetan sheep at different altitudes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Physiological and Chemical Characteristics and Transcriptome Analysis of Different Type of Wheat Seedlings Under Salt Stress Shuang LI, Aiying WANG, Zhen JIAO, Qing CHI, Hao SUN, Tao JIAO Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (2): 20-32.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0679 Abstract （213）   HTML （8）    PDF （3835KB）（160）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the response difference of different types of wheat to salt stress， the leaves of ‘Bainong 889’ and ‘Chinese spring’ seedlings were subjected in 200 mmol·L-1 NaCl solution. The physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat seedling under salt stress were analyzed， and the differences of gene expression and the occurrence of variable shearing events were investigated based on transcriptomics data. The results showed that， under salt stress， the leaves of ‘Bainong 889’ had less chlorosis than ‘Chinese spring’； the leaves of ‘Chinese spring’ stained by Evans blue were greater and the relative activity of cells was significantly reduced. In addition， ‘Chinese spring’ wheat seedlings significantly wilted under salt stress， while ‘Bainong 889’ was no significant difference compared with control in the morphology. The relative electrolyte leakage rates of both cultivars under salt stress were higher than the control， and that of ‘Chinese spring’ seedlings was the highest. Under salt stress， the concents of chlorophyll a， chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in leaves of both ‘Bainong 889’ and ‘Chinese spring’ seedlings decreased， and the net photosynthetic rate （Pn） and stomatal conductance （Gs） of ‘Chinese spring’ seedlings were significantly inhibited， while those of ‘Bainong 889’ were similar to the control. Transcriptome sequencing results showed that 2 299 differentially expressed genes were up-regulated and 2 527 differentially expressed genes were down-regulated in ‘Bainong 889’ than ‘Chinese spring’. GO （gene ontology） enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes suggested that functions related to chloroplast， photosynthesis and plasma membrane were significantly enriched. KEGG （Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes） enrichment analysis showed that pathways related to plant hormone signal transduction and plant secondary metabolites were significantly enriched. The analysis of variable shear events in transcriptome data showed that there were more variable shear events in ‘Chinese spring’ under salt stress， which were mainly concentrated in RNA transport and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore， wheat could responded to salt stress by regulating the expression of genes related to chlorophyll， plasma membrane， secondary metabolites and photosynthesis. The occurrence of variable shear events also indicated that two types of varieties regulated the gene interaction network distinctively under salt stress. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Diversity Analysis of 255 Maize Germplasm Resources Based on 10K SNP Chip Shan GAO, Xiaocui YAN, Nan WANG, Mengjie ZHANG, Youpeng LI, Wenda DIAO, Huijun DUAN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (8): 20-33.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0801 Abstract （210）   HTML （11）    PDF （2016KB）（107）       Knowledge map    Save Maize （Zea mays L.） is one of the world’s top three food crops and an important feed crop. Analyzing the agronomic phenotypic traits and genotypic genetic diversity of maize germplasm resources has important guiding significance for crop breeding and production. A natural population composed of 255 germplasm resources was used as the research material， and the genotyping was obtained by whole genome scanning using 10K SNP liquid chip. Phenotypic clustering and genetic diversity analysis were performed using VCF2PCA cluster and Mega11 software. The results showed that 14 139 high quality SNP sites were detected， which were distributed on 10 chromosomes of maize. The polymorphisms ranged from 0.05 to 0.50， with an average of 0.29. Polymorphism information content （PIC） varied from 0.04 to 0.38 with an average of 0.24. 104 SNPs with allele frequency difference were more than 0.30 between tropical and temperate populations. Through population genetic structure analysis， principal component analysis and cluster analysis， 255 samples were mainly divided into temperate and tropical subgroups. These results identified the genetic diversity and relationships among 255 germplasm resources from temperate and tropical maize， laying the foundation for subsequent maize germplasm improvement and innovation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Different CO 2 Contents on Temperature Distribution in Potato Storage Room Qi ZHEN, Guangze YAN, Na TA, Zhiyong ZHAO, Huimin YU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (11): 154-165.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0349 Abstract （201）   HTML （9）    PDF （3970KB）（47）       Knowledge map    Save Within the context of storing potatoes in traditional semi-underground storage room， the greenhouse effect is caused by the increase of CO2 content. In order to clarify the distribution law of the temperature in the storage room due to the change of CO2 content caused by potato respiration， taking the typical semi-underground potato storage room in western China as the research carrier， with the help of computational fluid dynamics method， the porous media model， k-ε turbulence model， and internal heat source model were used to construct a three dimensional numerical solution model of the heat and mass exchange with gas flow between the potato pile and the environment in the storage room. To ensure the accuracy of numerical simulation results， the numerical method and grid independence were verified. The results showed that through a comparative experiment monitoring the temperature at specific locations of potato stacks， it was found that the average relative error between experimental values and simulated values was 8.26%， with a maximum relative error of 9.77%， further confirming the reliability of the numerical heat transfer model for the storage room and the equivalent thermal model for potato stacks. Based on the environmental factor data inside and outside the storage room on a certain day in January 2022， when the CO2 content was 0.15%， the indoor temperature distribution decreased layer by layer along the potato pile， and the CO2 vent made a high temperature zone appear behind the pile. When the CO2 content increased from 0.00% to 0.30%， the average indoor temperature increased from 1.34 to 1.36 ℃， and the average temperature of the potato pile increased from 1.93 to 1.94 ℃. Comparing the indoor temperature distribution under the carbon dioxide content of 0.00%， 0.15% and 0.30% components， the overall temperature in the storage room was effectively increased with the increase of the CO2 content in the storage room. The results of this paper had important reference value for the establishment of mathematical models of semi-underground storage rooms and the selection of suitable carbon dioxide concentration control devices. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Maize Root Image Segmentation Based on CP-DeepLabv3+ Yafeng ZHAO, Mengxue WANG, Deshuai WANG, Dongdong WANG, Yuan LI, Junfeng HU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (3): 110-116.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0996 Abstract （200）   HTML （14）    PDF （2731KB）（83）       Knowledge map    Save Minirhizotron technique can directly monitor the dynamic growth and development of plant roots and be used to obtain clear root images. However， because of the complex soil environment， uneven particle size and large number of fine roots， it easily causes discontinuity of the divided roots and mistakes the soil background as the root. To solve the above problems， the CP-DeepLabv3+ algorithm was proposed to segment image. The coordinate attention mechanism （CA） was introduced to effectively segment the target location information and made the edge of the target more continuous. Strip pooling （SP） branch was added to ASPP feature extraction module to avoid unnecessary connections between distant locations and improve the accuracy of image segmentation. CP-DeepLabv3+ algorithm was applied to test maize root dataset. The results showed that the mean intersection-over-union （MIoU） value was 82.95%， the mean pixel accuracy （MPA） value was 92.47%， which was 3.69% and 4.44% higher than the original DeepLabv3+ model， respectively. This algorithm could effectively segment maize root and has practical significance for feature extraction. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and Application of Green Pest Control System Based on IoT Technology Yahui DING, Cheng CHEN, Xiaojun QIAO, Jianbo SHEN, Sen LIN, Yunhe ZHANG, Sisi FENG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (4): 77-86.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0830 Abstract （200）   HTML （5）    PDF （5055KB）（89）       Knowledge map    Save In order to reduce pesticide application， develop green pest prevention and control technology， and ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products， a green pest prevention and control system was designed which composed of multi-functional plant protection machine and information management system，for facility vegetables based on the internet of things（IoT） technology， and combined with ozone sterilization and disease prevention， light source induced pest control， crop health identification， pest identification and early warning and other technologies. The results showed that under the green control system， the incidence rate of strawberry powdery mildew decreased by 27.7%， and the average yield of strawberry increased by 19.8% compared with the conventional application method， which had significant effect on powdery mildew control and potential of strawberry yield increase. Meanwhile， the functions of system early warning service， various disinfection and sterilization methods， remote control and intelligent trusteeship had effectively alleviated the problems of backward plant protection technology and equipment， excessive dependence on pesticide use， structural shortage of labor force， and maintenance and operation difficulties in China. The application of the system realized the greening， specialization and intellectualization of vegetable pest control in facilities to a certain extent. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and Application of AIS Data in Marine Fisheries Linlin YU, Wei FAN, Heng ZHANG, Yang DAI, Lijun WAN, Fei WANG, Yongchuang SHI, Shenglong YANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (5): 212-222.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0330 Abstract （200）   HTML （3）    PDF （563KB）（75）       Knowledge map    Save Against the backdrop of the global decline of major economic fisheries resources in the global oceans， how to protect and sustainably develop ocean fisheries resources has been highly valued by countries， regions， and organizations worldwide， and has been a hot research topic. Due to limitations of traditional marine fisheries data， it has been difficult to fully understand the catch footprint of distant fishing vessels and make effective monitoring and management. The global distant fishing vessel trajectory data provided by the automatic identification system （AIS） can be used to quantitatively analyze the behavior of individual to global fishing vessels， and the historical catch intensity spatial information uncovered can provide a good alternative data source for monitoring and management of marine fishing activities and assessment of ecological pressure， becoming a new hotspot in marine information and marine fisheries research in recent years. In order to promote the research and application of AIS data in China’s marine fisheries， the research contents and application status of AIS in recent years were summarized and introduced， the shortcomings of AIS data research at present and potential research methods in the future pointed out， which provided a reference for the research and application of AIS in marine fisheries. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and Application Progress of High Voltage Electrostatic Field in Aquatic Peiliang CHEN, Minjun XU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (2): 13-19.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0928 Abstract （195）   HTML （9）    PDF （471KB）（112）       Knowledge map    Save High-voltage electrostatic field （HVEF） technology involves the integration of physics， chemistry， electronics， biology and other disciplines. It has the advantages of low energy consumption， high efficiency， cleanliness and environmental protection. It is also an important developing direction for disinfection， sterilization， low-carbon and environmental protection in the future， and becomes research hotspot in agriculture field. To promote a more comprehensive development of HVEF， this paper reviewed the main research progress of HVEF in recent 20 years and especially its application in aquaculture， which was expected to promote its application in aquatic product treatment and aquatic breeding， based on the research and application of the biological effects of HVEF in biological breeding. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolution of Wheat （ Triticum aestivum L.） Germplasm Traits and Evaluation of Breeding Value in Southern Huang-Huai Winter Wheat Region in Recent 20 Years Huifang ZHANG, Jianhong ZHANG, Haijiao LIU, Yan SUN, Hongzhi QI, Nan WANG, Junzhi DUAN, Yan GUO, Haiyan YIN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (11): 28-41.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0817 Abstract （190）   HTML （6）    PDF （3289KB）（105）       Knowledge map    Save To study the evolution of wheat traits and genetic diversity in southern Huang-Huai winter wheat region， the wheat varieties in the recent 20 years in southern Huang-Huai winter wheat region were as materials. The evolution of wheat traits and genetic diversity were explored from a new perspective by using Shannon-Wiener diversity index （ H \mathrm{\text{'}} ） and coefficient of variation analysis， fitting trend line after dimensionless traits， principal component analysis， comprehensive score （D′ value） evaluation， regression model construction and other methods. The indexes used for the evaluation of wheat varieties in southern Huang-Huai winter wheat region and the germplasm with excellent performance were screened. The results showed that a total of 443 wheat varieties were bred in southern Huang-Huai winter wheat region from 2003 to 2022， and it could be divided into 3 stages based on the number of bred varieties： basic stable stage （from 2003 to 2017）， temporary high stage after obvious uplift （from 2018 to 2019）， and blowout eruption stage （from 2020 to present ）. In recent 20 years， plant height of wheat in southern Huang-Huai winter wheat region decreased slowly with time-going； water absorption remained unchanged； spike number， grain number per spike， 1 000-grain weight， yield， basic seedlings， test weight， protein content， wet gluten content and stability time showed upward trend， among which 1 000-grain weight， yield， basic seedlings， test weight and wet gluten content had relatively strong upward trend. The increase of yield was mainly due to the increase of 1 000-grain weight. The proportion of high-quality special wheat （strong gluten wheat， medium strong gluten wheat， weak gluten wheat） increased in recent years， mainly due to the increase in the proportion of medium strong gluten wheat. The proportion of strong gluten wheat has not increased significantly， which was mainly limited by water absorption and stability time. The dispersion degree and evolution trend of agronomic traits and quality traits were quite different， but their genetic diversity was constantly improving with the year，and genetic stability should be further strengthened. The results of regression model construction showed that 5 traits could be used as the evaluation indexes of the comprehensive performance of wheat in southern Huanghuai winter wheat region， including spike number， yield， test weight， protein content and water absorption. Among 443 varieties， ‘Jimai 336’‘Anke 1801’‘Jimai 44’‘Gushenmai 19’ and ‘Huawei 305’， which had higher D \prime ， performed well and could be used as excellent germplasm resources in the breeding of strong gluten wheat. In the future， the breeders should strengthen breeding new varieties with high-quality special wheat， especially weak gluten wheat， and enhance the protection and utilization of germplasm resources. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Water Stress Treatments on Core Germplasm Resources of Upland Cotton Jiangbo LI, Wenju GAO, Xiaodong YUN, Jieyin ZHAO, Shiwei GENG, Chunbin HAN, Quanjia CHEN, Qin CHEN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (3): 26-39.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0732 Abstract （189）   HTML （11）    PDF （3010KB）（119）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the response ability of upland cotton to drought under different water stress and screen the key drought-resistant indexes and the excellent drought-resistant germplasm resources，30 upland cotton core germplasms were selected as experimental materials， and compared with normal irrigation treatment during the whole growth period， 2 water stress treatments， one water after sowing and one water at the flowering bollboll stage respectively， and 2 water stress treatments at the flowering bollboll stage were set up. The corresponding indexes were measured at bud stage， boll stage and boll opening stage by descriptive statistical analysis， difference analysis， principal component analysis and correlation analysis， the drought resistance of materials was evaluated by using drought resistance comprehensive evaluation value （D）. The results showed that drought stress had different effects on the growth and development of different cotton materials，the D value of the treatment of watering one water after sowing and one water at flowering and boll stage was more discrete （0.285~0.774） ， which could more clearly distinguish between different varieties of drought resistance. Using D value， 30 materials could be divided into 4 types： Type Ⅰ included 6 cotton varieties such as ‘Zhongmiansuo 41’‘ Xinluzao 7’ etc. and showed high drought resistance； Type Ⅱ included 11 cotton varieties such as ‘Jinmian 46’‘Xinluzao 31’etc. and showed middle drought resistance； Type Ⅲ included 5 cotton varieties such as‘Zhongmiansuo 17’‘Lu 1138’etc. and showed drought sensitive； Type Ⅳ included 8 cotton varieties such as‘ Xinluzhong 8’‘Jiumian 8’ etc. and showed high sensitive to drought. The first node number of fruit branch， number of fruit branch， plant height， grain yield and lint percentage were sensitive to drought， which could be used as the key indexes for drought resistance evaluation of cotton. Above results could provide basis for cotton drought-resistant. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bioinformatics and Expression Pattern Analysis of Rice RR Gene Family Mingdi CHEN, Guihua HU, Haiwen ZHANG, Wangtian WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (5): 20-29.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0190 Abstract （187）   HTML （3）    PDF （2703KB）（77）       Knowledge map    Save The rice response regulators （RR） family play important roles in plant growth and development， so it is important to explore the evolution and biological characteristics of the RR genes in rice. There were 22 RR genes in rice， including 15 A-type and 7 B-type genes. Analysis results showed that the rice RR proteins differed in their physicochemical properties， among which the B-type RRs were all hydrophilic proteins （GRAVY<0）； homologous sequence analysis revealed that there were 5 paralogous gene pairs in the rice RR genes， namely， OsRR8 and OsRR15， OsRR5 and OsRR11， OsRR9 and OsRR10， OsRR1 and OsRR2， and OsRR20 and OsRR18， which were predicted to have similar functions with known functional genes； the conserved Motif 1 and Motif 3 both belonged to the REC superfamily， which acted as response regulators to receive signals from the two-component phosphotransferase system， and they distributed among 22 OsRR proteins. The analysis of regulatory elements and expression pattern revealed that RR genes had potential ability in the regulating hormone signals transduction such as abscisic acid， salicylic acid， jasmonic acid， gibberellin， and growth hormone， and participated in plant defense against stress such as low temperature， drought， and light and anaerobic signals response， and also involved in the the regulation of different developmental processes of rice etc. functions. The bioinformatics analysis of rice RR gene family provided a theoretical basis for the in-depth study of their functions， and layed the foundation for further revealing the growth， development， and signal transduction mechanisms of plant. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Plant Growth Retarders on Lodging Resistance and Yield of Quinoa Qiujing CHEN, Zhaodi YANG, Shiyu WANG, Fenggen GUO, Xiaoxue ZHAO, Fan CHEN, Yang FENG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (11): 42-48.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0594 Abstract （182）   HTML （10）    PDF （637KB）（144）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the lodging resistance of quinoa in agricultural production and select the best concentration of plant growth retarder to reduce the lodging rate of quinoa， the randomized block experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of paclobutrazole （PP333）， enisobutrazole （S3307） and binomide （MEP） on the growth and yield of quinoa at the concentrations of 50， 100， 200 and 350 mg·L-1， with spraying water as the control. The results showed that the 3 plant growth retarders could effectively reduce the plant height of quinoa， improve the breaking resistance， and reduce the lodging index and lodging rate in a certain concentration range. Among 3 plant growth retarders， the treatment of S3307 was optimum with concentration 100 mg·L-1， whose plant height decreased by 6.8% and 4.2% and the flexural resistance increased 17.4% and 25.2%， respectively， compared to PP333 and MEP with same concentration. When the concentration of PP333 was 100 mg·L-1， the anti-lodging ability was better than other concentrations， and the lodging rate significantly reduced by 79.9% compared with CK. The MEP concentration in the range from 100 to 200 mg·L-1 was more effective than other concentrations. The above results provided theoretical reference for chemical control measures of high-quality planting of quinoa. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Soil Heavy Metals Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment in Main Production Area of Jinggang Honey Pomelo Xiaobing LIN, Binqiang WANG, Yanhong CHENG, Lijun ZHOU, Shangshu HUANG, Lin WU, Qianru HUANG, Shaolang HE Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (3): 188-200.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0805 Abstract （178）   HTML （5）    PDF （3320KB）（344）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the pollution characteristics and risk of heavy metals in soil of Jinggang honey pomelo orchards， 18 representative soil samples were collected from Jinggang pomelo orchards in 4 main production areas of Ji’an City， Jiangxi Province. Soil physicochemical properties and heavy metals （Cd， Pb， As， Hg and Cr） content were determined. The pollution levels of soil heavy metals were evaluated by single factor pollution index， geoaccumulation index and Nemero comprehensive pollution index. The potential ecological risks of soil heavy metals were discussed in potential ecological risk index （RI）. The results showed that soil acidification was serious， the fertility was in the middle and lower levels， and the available nitrogen was lack in the study area. The average contents of Cd， Pb， As， Hg and Cr were 0.23， 63.81， 13.95， 0.10 and 167.28 mg·kg-1 in 0 to 20 cm soil， which were 2.30， 1.99， 1.35， 1.25 and 3.49 times of the background values， respectively. The average contents of Cd， Pb， As， Hg and Cr were 0.26， 62.40， 13.51， 0.10 and 167.87 mg·kg-1 in 20 to 40 cm soil， which were 2.60， 1.94， 1.31， 1.25 and 3.50 times of the background values， respectively. There was no significant difference in heavy metal content at different depths. Single factor and geoaccumulation index analysis showed that the accumulation of Cr， Pb and Cd in the soil of the study area was serious， and 11.11% of Cd was seriously polluted. With the standard value as the reference， the soil heavy metal pollution in the study area was mainly mild pollution， belonging to low ecological hazard degree. With the background value as the reference， the soil heavy metal pollution in the study area was mainly moderate and serious， belonging to medorate and strong hazard degrees. The correlation analysis showed that Cr had good homology with Pb and As. Redundancy analysis showed that soil pH and organic matter were the main environmental factors affecting the change of heavy metals in soil of pomelo orchards in Jinggang. Overall， the heavy metal pollution of soil in the study area was light， but there were some orchards exceeding the standard and the accumulation of Cd， Cr and Pb in soil. Fruit farmers and relevant departments should pay more attention and take effective measures to prevent their ecological risks. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Active Ingredients and Action Mechanism of Agricultural Plant Jiaosu Bing LI, Xiumin ZHU, Dai LI, Junxia DU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (7): 156-165.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0660 Abstract （177）   HTML （2）    PDF （618KB）（102）       Knowledge map    Save Agricultural plant Jiaosu is a product containing specific bioactive ingredients which is derived primarily from plants through microbial fermentation. It could be applied in agriculture， animal husbandry and soil improvement. Agricultural plant Jiaosu plays significant roles in enhancing crop yields， soil quality and pest resistance， making it a key player in the establishment of green ecological agriculture. In this paper， the classification， characteristics and various effective components of agricultural plant Jiaosu were briefly introduced； the positive effects on crop yield increase， antibacterial properties， soil enhancement and environmental protection of agricultural plant Jiaosu were summarized； the mechanisms were analyzed， the existing issues were identified， and the future development of agricultural plant Jiaosu was discussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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International Comparison and Improvement Path Research of Beijing Seed Industry Science and Technology Innovation Ci CHEN, Jing GONG, Jiang ZHAO Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (7): 1-13.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1038 Abstract （175）   HTML （7）    PDF （1797KB）（116）       Knowledge map    Save Science and technology innovation is the key to develop seed industry. Beijing is one of the regions with science and technology foundation， concentrated innovation resources and active innovation subjects in China’s seed industry. This paper compared scientific and technological innovation of Beijing with developed countries from 4 aspects including germplasm resources， breeding technology， R&D mode and competitiveness of seed enterprises， and systematically analyzed the key problems that restricted the scientific and technological innovation of Beijing seed industry. This paper focused on scientific and technological innovation， and put forward some suggestions to promote the scientific and technological innovation of Beijing’s seed industry from the aspects of strengthening the protection and utilization of germplasm resources， taking joint research on key breeding technologies， deepening the reform of seed industry system， improving the policy support system for breeding innovation， and promoting the joint forces between ministries and municipalities. It was expected to provide reference for technological innovation of the national seed industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics