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Trends and Strategies for Development of Crop Seed Industry in China Xinhai LI, Ming LU, Jun ZHENG, Xiaofeng GU, Lijuan QIU, Yu LI, Youzhi MA, Jianmin WAN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2022, 24 (12): 1-7.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1101 Abstract （1499）   HTML （45）    PDF （506KB）（285）       Knowledge map    Save Seed industry is a strategic and basic industry， and clarifying the development path of China’s crop seed industry is very important to enhance the competitiveness of national agriculture. This paper analyzed the development trend of the international crop seed industry， assessed the opportunities and challenges faced by the development of China’s crop seed industry， and proposed the innovative development strategies of China’s crop seed industry in the new era. Our study reckoned that the new round of scientific and technological revolution characterized by “biotechnology and informatization” had promoted the comprehensive upgrading of the crop seed industry， biotechnology productions had become an important growth point for the development of the seed industry， and multinational seed enterprises had accelerated their occupation of the global seed market. Global scientific and technological innovation and China’s economic transformation and development have brought new opportunities for the development of China’s crop seed industry. Currently，China has basically established a scientific and technological innovation system for crop seed， and seed enterprises have continued to grow， but still facing some challenges such as insufficient original innovation in key science and technology， imperfect seed industry innovation system. Our study suggested that China’s crop seed industry should further strengthen the effective cohesion in the innovation chain and build a deep integration system of production， education and research in the new era， and consolidate the original foundation of seed science and technology， produce high-value intellectual property rights such as key technologies and elite new varieties， as well as cultivate innovative enterprises， improve policy mechanisms and business environment， and promote the high-quality development of the crop seed industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Global Genetically Modified Crop Industrialization Trends in 2022 Haohui LI, Caiyue LIU, Haiwen ZHANG, Xujing WANG, Qiaoling TANG, Youhua WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (12): 6-16.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0756 Abstract （1324）   HTML （76）    PDF （752KB）（739）       Knowledge map    Save Since the commercialization of genetically modified （GM） crops in 1996， their industrial applications have developed rapidly in worldwide with increasing planting area and crop types， which have significant economic and social benefits. This paper analyzed the global situation of GM crops cultivation in 2022， and the development trends of major countries and regions planting GM crops. In 2022， the planting area of GM crops accounted for about 12% of the total arable land area with an increase of 3.3%. The number of the countries approved to cultivate GM crops increased to 29， and 71 countries and regions approved the commercial application of GM products. Based on the planting area of GM crops， the GM corn and soybean were dominant， and the planting area of the GM crops with multiple traits was also constantly expanding. The industrial applications of GM crops will become new growth driver for agricultural production and economic development， and the applications and effects of GM crops will continuously increase with the iterative upgrading of bioengineering breeding technologies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Accelerate the Research and Application of Biological Breeding to Promote the Self-Reliance of Agricultural Science and Technology Wen ZHANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2022, 24 (12): 8-14.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0733 Abstract （1317）   HTML （13）    PDF （491KB）（142）       Knowledge map    Save Food security is the the pillar of national development and safety. General Secretary XI Jinping pointed that the fundamental solution to stabilize and increase the food production lay in the scientific and technological progress concerning the limited arable land in domestic. At present， a new round of scientific and technological revolution in agriculture characterized by modern biotechnology is breeding major breakthroughs， and plays a leading role in the development of modern agriculture. The development of biological breeding is an important strategy to ensure the national food security and enhance the international competitiveness. This paper introduced the development trend of biological breeding in the development of international agricultural science and technology. For promoting the industrial application of biological breeding， 4 of relationships should be correctly handled， and 4 tasks should be put forward， which provided theoretical guidance for accelerating the development and application of biological breeding technologies in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Artificial Intelligence Accelerates Epigenetics and Plant Breeding Weijun GUO, Dongwei LI, Shang XIE, Liwen YANG, Cong LI, Jian TIAN, Li PU, Xiaofeng GU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2022, 24 (12): 90-100.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1031 Abstract （1262）   HTML （25）    PDF （1136KB）（316）       Knowledge map    Save The rapid growth of the global population and tremendous climatic changes are new challenges for food security and compel breeders to develop new avenues of crop breeding. In recent years， the deep integration of biotechnology （BT） with artificial intelligence （AI）， big data， and other information technology （IT） has promoted the rapid development of intelligent design breeding technology. AI-based breeding technology accelerates multi-omics mapping and functional elucidation and the identification of excellent allele variations around the genome， and breeds new varieties through genome design breeding traits. The crucial agricultural breeding traits of crops are synergistically regulated by genetic， epigenetic， and environmental factors that epigenetic marks bridge other factors playing a pivotal role in the regulation of traits. The development of intelligent design technology makes it possible for accurate design breeding based on epigenetic inheritance， which is becoming a new way to improve crop breeding traits. The deep integration of epigenetics and AI has greatly facilitated the identification of genome-wide epigenetic modification sites and the elucidation of regulatory mechanisms. The design of regulatory circuits based on these epigenetic sites has been innovated to achieve the directional creation of new germplasm with excellent comprehensive traits and the cultivation of major varieties. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epigenetic Regulation and Crop Breeding Xianwei SONG, Shanjie TANG, Xiaofeng CAO Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2022, 24 (12): 33-38.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1040 Abstract （1230）   HTML （18）    PDF （440KB）（235）       Knowledge map    Save Epigenetic is a biological phenomenon that DNA sequence unchanged but gene expression was genetically altered， and it includs DNA methylation， histone modification and variants， RNA modification， chromatin remodeling and non coding RNA etc. Epigenetic mainly regulates gene expression and transposon activity at transcriptional and post transcriptional levels. More and more research showed that epigenetic plays an important role in the formation of important agronomic traits and ploidy breeding of crops. This paper reviewed the important progress in the research of epigenetic regulation directly related to crop breeding， and analyzed its potential and ways of application in crop breeding， which were expected to accelerate and promote the basic and applied research of plant epigenetic regulation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of New Crop Germplasm Enhancement in China Hao CHEN, Fei ZHOU, Yongjun LIN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2022, 24 (12): 112-119.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0998 Abstract （1218）   HTML （10）    PDF （493KB）（284）       Knowledge map    Save As a country with a large population and agriculture， our government has always attached great importance to agricultural issues and food security. Based on the national conditions of large population and limited arable land resources， China tolces relying on scientific and technological development to improve the yield level as the main means to ensure the food security. With the active deployment and strong support on agricultural development， China has made continuous breakthroughs and innovations in crop breeding theory and technology in recent years. The genetic dissection of important agronomic traits of crops， the utilization of gene alleles with high breeding value， the innovation and application of gene editing technology， genomic breeding and de novo domestication strategies， industrialization pilot of transgenic soybean and maize provide new ideas and strategies for the creation of new crop germplasm in China. This paper sorted out and reviewed some representative achievements made by China in this field， and briefly summarized and looked forward to the development prospects. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome Editing and Its Applications in Crop Improvement Lei YAN, Jinshan ZHANG, Jiankang ZHU, Lanqin XIA Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2022, 24 (12): 78-89.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1030 Abstract （1203）   HTML （20）    PDF （1256KB）（229）       Knowledge map    Save In the context of climate change， increasing world population， decreased farmland as well as frequent outbreaks of natural disasters， global food production is facing unprecedent challenges. CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing technologies enable targeted genome modification in a sequence-specific manner， offering great potential in crop improvement. This review aimed to provide an informative summary of the latest development and breakthroughs in CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing technologies including gene knockout， base editing， prime editing and gene replacement through homology-directed repair （HDR）， as well as their applications in crop improvement. Finally， we discussed the existing challenges and future prospects in the development of novel genome editing toolkits and their applications in agriculture to ensure global food security and sustainable agricultural development. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prospects for Commercialization of Biotech Breeding Technology of Important Crops in China Jian ZHANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2022, 24 (12): 15-24.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0697 Abstract （1184）   HTML （12）    PDF （538KB）（299）       Knowledge map    Save China has more population in the world but with limited arable land and water resources. Scientific innovation becomes a unique solution to promote the crop productions for national food security. Commercialization of biotech breeding technology in maize， soybean， oil rape and cotton has played a critical role in seed industry developmentin these major crop production countries including US， Brazil and Argentina. After over 20 years’ scientific innovation of biotech crop research and development （R&D） in China， the biotechnology crops for maize and soybean with resistance to insect and herbicide tolerant traits have been ready， these biotech crops would not only reduce the inputs of crop production， but also increase the yield and farmers’ incomes significantly. Due to the commercialization of biotech breeding technology involves in multiple aspects of research and development of scientific innovation， regulatory appraisal of biosafety and stewardship requirements， international trade， agricultural production and public acceptance etc.， which is a large and complex system engineer. Therefore， only those of the larger seed enterprises with capabilities can lead the whole processes by integrating R&D resources of scientific， academic and seed industrial units to create an innovation consortium for collaborations across the whole R&D chain and commercial chain together. Such an innovation consortium will be capable to continuously launch new varieties with better-yielding， nutritious， less inputs and environmental-friendly products should steadily support the commercialization of biotech breeding technology of important crops towards a sustainable and high-quality development of seed industry in China. Biotech breeding technology is the core of seed innovation， so establishing an innovative system for modern breeding and strengthening the deep mine of germplasm resources plus breaking through the key technologies of cutting-edge breeding for strategic new varieties， becomes the solution for germplasm improvement and a key for winning the seed industry as well as the fundamental support for firmly grasping the initiative of food security. This paper summarized the application of biotech breeding， and proposed the developmental strategies of modern seed industry. Biotech breeding technology will become the important approach to solve the germplasm resource shortage and environmental constrains faced by China’s agricultural development while driving the development of China’s modern seed industry and the continuous improvement of international competitiveness， and realizing the leap from a large seed industry to a strong seed country. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Regulation Mechanisms of Important Traits and Molecular Design Breeding in Livestock and Poultry Wenyue WANG, Xiaoyu MI, Kangtai SUN, Yichao DAI, Zhipeng YAO, Yuanpeng GAO, Jun LIU, Yiqiang GE, Songmei ZHANG, Xiaoming DENG, Yong ZHANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2022, 24 (12): 39-47.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0979 Abstract （1159）   HTML （10）    PDF （519KB）（230）       Knowledge map    Save Research on the genetic basis of important economic traits in livestock and poultry is important for the next generation of molecular design breeding， which is the research frontier of scientific and technological innovation in the international livestock and poultry seed industry. Livestock and poultry breeds are rich in resources， diverse in production types， wide in ecological adaptation range， and outstanding in excellent traits in China. However， there are problems of insufficient protection and collection of germplasm resources， unclear analysis of trait characteristics and genetic mechanisms etc.， resulting in insufficient development and utilization of rich livestock and poultry genetic resources in China， and it is difficult to support the research and development and application of molecular design breeding technology. To face the demand of future agriculture modernization and production of livestock and poultry seed industry， this paper summarized the research progress on genetic regulation mechanism and molecular design breeding of important traits of livestock and poultry at home and abroad， as well as the bottlenecks faced by molecular design breeding of livestock and poultry in China， and discussed the development trend of molecular design breeding of livestock and poultry in the future. The review provided significant insights for technological innovation and development of the future livestock and poultry breeding industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study and Application of Salt and Alkali Tolerance in Rapeseed Heping WAN, Hao ZHANG, Yi YU, Jingdong CHEN, Changli ZENG, Lun ZHAO, Jing WEN, Jinxiong SHEN, Tingdong FU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2022, 24 (12): 59-67.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0970 Abstract （1151）   HTML （19）    PDF （578KB）（176）       Knowledge map    Save Soil salinization has become one of the main limiting factors for agricultural development. The stress damage of saline alkali to plants can be divided into osmotic stress， ion toxicity， active oxygen damage and high pH stress. Saline alkali stress has different effects on seed germination， seedling growth， yield and quality of rapeseed. This paper expounded the influence mechanism of saline alkali stress on different growth stages of rapeseed， analyzed the saline alkali tolerance mechanism of rape from the aspects of osmotic regulation， active oxygen removal， absorption and storage of Na+， and the secretion of organic acids by roots， and put forward measures to improve the saline alkali tolerance of rapeseed， including exploring and utilizing saline alkali tolerance genes， adopting reasonable cultivation methods and using exogenous substances， which provided theoretical basis for the improvement and utilization of saline alkali land by using saline alkali tolerant rapeseed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Digital Development of China’s Crop Industry： Achievements， Difficulties and Prospects Beibei FAN, Jin LI, Chen MA Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2022, 24 (12): 25-32.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0579 Abstract （1125）   HTML （10）    PDF （469KB）（172）       Knowledge map    Save As the basic industry of agricultural modernization， promoting the revitalization of seed industry has become one of the core tasks of building China’s strategic science and technology system and promoting the overall revitalization of rural areas. China has initially realized the integration of digital technology with breeding， complex seed production， industrial extension and other aspects. However， compared with the status quo that developed countries and region in Europe and the United States have entered the “4.0 era” of intelligent design breeding， China’s breeding technology research and development is still in the “2.0 era” to “3.0 era” of the seed industry. In the face of the development trend of intelligent breeding and seed breeding， precision seed industry promotion and service， and in-depth seed industry big data collection， the integration and innovation research of digital technology， molecular breeding and conventional breeding technology， and in-depth development of multiple genetics should be encouraged. The big data mining and analysis， application of commercial breeding software and platforms， and the comprehensive establishment of the digital marketing and management system should be promoted. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Innovation and Progresses in de novo Domestication of Crops Jingkun ZHANG, Wenjia LI, Peng ZENG, Xiangbing MENG, Hong YU, Jiayang LI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2022, 24 (12): 68-77.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0985 Abstract （1017）   HTML （11）    PDF （1225KB）（145）       Knowledge map    Save In the past century， the breeding theories and systems have been greatly developed， and series of new breeding strategies have gradually emerged， such as heterosis utilization， hybrid breeding， mutagenesis breeding， molecular marker-assisted breeding， transgenic breeding， genome editing breeding， molecular design breeding etc. making critical contributions to world food security. Recently， along with the development of biotechnologies， a new breeding strategy termed de novo domestication has been proposed and demonstrated to create new crops. Here， this paper reviewed the emergence of de novo domestication and its roadmap， the germplasm basis， the genetic basis and the fundamental biotechnologies and related policy of de novo domestication. Furthermore， it also discussed presumable challenges and applications of de novo domestication in crop breeding. In future， de novo domestication may provide a new practical way for germplasm innovation and achieve novel breeding goals to face upcoming agriculture challenges. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Molecular Basis of Tree Traits Formation Shougong ZHANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2022, 24 (12): 48-58.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0943 Abstract （1006）   HTML （3）    PDF （640KB）（57）       Knowledge map    Save Forestry is one of the important industries of the national economy. In-depth study of tree traits for the purpose of human needs and analysis of the molecular basis of the formation of tree important traits are the basic guarantee for the establishment of efficient breeding technology system， and the key to cultivate breakthrough varieties that meet the major national needs. This is of great significance to ensure the sustainable development of forestry in China， and serve major strategies such as national timber security， food security， ecological security and rural revitalization. With the rapid development of biotechnology， the research on the molecular basis of tree traits has become more in-depth. This paper focused on the formation and regulation mechanism of wood formation， forest economic traits and tree stress resistance， sorted out the current research progress at home and abroad， reviewed the molecular basis of tree trait formation， and prospected the future research trends and technological development of tree traits. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of Biobreeding Techniques in Main Aquaculture Fish Species Yonghua SUN, Wei HU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2022, 24 (12): 120-128.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0711 Abstract （998）   HTML （21）    PDF （535KB）（224）       Knowledge map    Save As blue food， fish and other aquatic products are recognized as healthy and high-quality sources of animal protein， and play significant roles in supporting global food and nutrition security. China is the largest aquaculture country in the world， and its success stories have attracted global attention. China has developed and utilized various breeding methods for aquaculture species， such as selection breeding， hybridization breeding， polyploid breeding， transgenic breeding， etc. and carried out genome editing and genome selection-based breeding in some species， pioneered some novel breeding methods， such as the fish germline stem cell-oriented approach and reproduction on-off strategy. By using these technologies， Chinese aquaculture scientists have bred various aquaculture species or fish lines with valuable traits， which drives and supports the high-quality development of Chinese aquaculture. This article systematically reviewed the development and application of the above biobreeding techniques in the generation and application of novel fish strains with valuable traits， and provided an outlook on the future development of biobreeding technology， which aimed to promote the breeding of new lines and varieties of aquaculture fish， and support the high-quality development of aquaculture in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development Trends and Strategies of Gene Circuit Design and Synthesis Technologies in Agricultural Organisms Min LIN, Lei WANG, Xiaofeng GU, Yongliang YAN, Zhu LIU, Tao TU, Bin YAO Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2022, 24 (12): 101-111.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1021 Abstract （987）   HTML （10）    PDF （1036KB）（47）       Knowledge map    Save With the highly cross-integration of frontier disciplines such as bioomics， systems biology and synthetic biology， the new generation of genetic engineering technology has maked new breakthroughs. Gene circuit design and synthesis is the core technology of the new generation of genetic engineering， and its three technical characteristics are subversion， intelligence and precision. Accelerating the innovation of gene circuit design and synthesis technology of agricultural organisms will provide important technical support for creating a new generation of agricultural varieties and promoting the high-quality green development of Chinese agriculture. In this paper， the international development trends of gene circuit design and synthesis technology of agricultural organisms were summarized， and the development strategies and priority fields of intelligent design and precise expression technology of agricultural biological gene circuit in China were discussed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Development of New Germplasm of Forest Trees Junhui WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2022, 24 (12): 129-141.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0946 Abstract （724）   HTML （3）    PDF （945KB）（115）       Knowledge map    Save The innovation of forest germplasm is the basis for the revitalization of forest seed industry， and is a solid foundation for ensuring the national timber， grain and oil and ecological security. With the upgrading of instruments and equipment， the development of multi-omics， intelligence and information technology and the improvement of relevant theoretical level， the research of forest germplasm in China has changed from traditional empirical collection and extensive evaluation to modern， targeted and efficient new germplasm creation and large-scale， accurate， systematic evaluation and mining. This paper reviewed the progress of new forest germplasm creation in China from 4 aspects： the current situation， the core key technology， the large-scale breeding， and the future development direction of new forest germplasm. It was proposed that the combination of traditional hybrid breeding and modern biotechnology should accelerate the development of high-throughput accurate evaluation， whole genome selection， precise genome operation new technologies for germplasm develpment and breeding， such as synthetic biology and cell factory， serve the creation of high-quality germplasm and the cultivation of breakthrough new varieties. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Situation and Countermeasures Analysis of China’s Crop Seed Industry Lingbo KONG, Qiao LIN, Yingli NIE, Jingjing WANG, Hong WEI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (4): 1-13.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0507 Abstract （590）   HTML （32）    PDF （2542KB）（885）       Knowledge map    Save Crop seed industry is a national strategic and basic core industry， which is the foundation for promoting the long-term stable development of China’s agriculture and ensuring the national food security. In order to comprehensively study the development status of China’s crop seed industry， there were three dimensions of seed industry had been analyzed， including the seed industry policy， enterprise competitiveness and the supply and demand status of superior seed production. The key points of policy support in crop seed industry were summarized， the core competitiveness of leading enterprises was shown and the advantage had been contrasted with international seed enterprises. Meanwhile， the industrialization characteristics of two superior seed were analyzed， such as hybrid maize and hybrid rice. Based on the content of analyzed， the problems in the development of China’s crop seed industry were summarized. The countermeasures and suggestions put forward for establishing a financial security system， strengthening the protection and utilization of germplasm resources， accelerating the innovation of breeding technology， promoting the joint breeding of science and enterprises， and improving the legal and regulatory system， which would provide reference for the innovation and development of China’s crop seed industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/Unfolded Protein Response Caused by Herpesvirus Haiqing CAI, Wei WANG, Maoqin ZENG, Wenwen BI, Li CHEN, Qiandong ZHANG, Yang YUAN, Ming WEN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (9): 131-139.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0538 Abstract （511）   HTML （11）    PDF （1481KB）（113）       Knowledge map    Save Endoplasmic reticulum is the main site of protein folding and post-translational modification in eukaryotic cells. It also participates in the regulation of Ca2+ and lipid storage and synthesis， and has important physiological functions. Herpesviruses is a class of enveloped DNA viruses. The synthesis and processing of its surface glycosylated envelope proteins depends on the endoplasmic reticulum. During virus replication， a large number of synthesized glycosylated envelope proteins are excessive in the endoplasmic reticulum. Accumulation causes endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS）， which in turn leads to unfolded protein response （UPR）. Some herpesviruses may have evolved mechanisms to regulate the UPR to create an optimal egoistic environment for the replication process. When they replicate in host cells， they will cause related endoplasmic reticulum UPR signaling cascades， such as cell damage， inflammation， apoptosis， etc. In this paper， the mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response （ERS/UPR） response to viruses was reviewed， and the molecular mechanism and related signaling pathways of ERS caused by herpes simplex virus type Ⅰ， pseudorabies virus， marek virus， duck enteritis virus and other herpes viruses were expounded， which provided theoretical basis for the research and development of herpes virus-related vaccines and drug targets. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biosynthesis and Industrial Application of Astaxanthin Liqing MIAO, Xuhui MA, Suzhen LI, Rumei CHEN, Xiaoqing LIU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (3): 21-29.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1091 Abstract （468）   HTML （12）    PDF （1749KB）（266）       Knowledge map    Save A staxanthin belongs to the carotenoids. It has strong antioxidant activity and a variety of biological activities. Therefore， astaxanthin is widely used in food， chemical， medical and other fields. Astaxanthin has stereoisomerism and geometric isomerism. The different isomers have different biological activities and commercial applications. Nowadays， astaxanthin for commercial application mainly comes from chemical synthesis and extracts from microorganisms and Haematococcus pluvialis， but both of the methods have certain limiting factors. In order to open up a new astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway， more and more studies have reported that astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway is reconstructed in plants by genetic engineering technology to synthesize astaxanthin in recent years. At the same time， the stability of astaxanthin was improved to expand its application scope and enhance the absorption effect. the characteristics， main biosynthetic pathways and applications of astaxanthin were overviewed， and the development of plant genetic engineering research and active delivery system related to astaxanthin synthesis were summarized. It is expected that the combination and transformation of research results could promote the industrial application of astaxanthin in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiology， Diagnostic Procedures of Schistosomiasis in Livestock and Prospect on Control Strategy Bihong ZHANG, Qi HUANG, Yan HUANG, Yaoquan LIU, Yong LIU, Jianguo WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (6): 117-125.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.1078 Abstract （460）   HTML （1）    PDF （950KB）（83）       Knowledge map    Save Schistosomiasis is a catastrophic zoonotic disease and parasitic illness caused by Schistosoma （an aquatic parasite） for most mammals. Domestic animals， including cattle， sheep， goat， pig and so on， are susceptible to Schistosoma. This paper systemically reviewed the life cycle， transmission chain， and clinical symptoms of schistosomiasis in livestock， and analyzed the epidemiological characteristics， diagnostic techniques， and comprehensive control measures of schistosomiasis， which was expected to provide the guidance for the control and thearpy of Schistosomiasis in livestock. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Aquaponics System Ruikang SUN, Jinghua FU, Minjun XU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (9): 227-233.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0598 Abstract （457）   HTML （20）    PDF （1086KB）（296）       Knowledge map    Save Aquaponics is an innovative compound production system composed of recirculating aquaculture and hydroponic cultivation， which has the characteristics of high resource utilization rate， no chemical fertilizers and antibiotics， low consumption， high efficiency and sustainability. It is considered as a modern agricultural farming system of ecological protection. Although aquaponics system has developed rapidly in recent years and has been widely promoted and applied， it still lacks systematic cognition and holistic analysis. This paper summarized the technological development of aquaponics system， the main research contents， research progress and development trend at home and abroad. Combined with the development status of aquaponics system， it was predicted that the future aquaponics system construction would tend to be decoupled and ecological， the layout would move toward urbanization and three-dimensional， the large-scale intelligent and commercial implementation would be carried out， and the trend would be diversified and integrated innovation. Meanwhile， relevant improvement suggestions were put forward， which aimed to provide scientific ideas for the efficient construction and sustainable development of aquaponics complex system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of Eukaryotic Expression Vector of African Swine Fever Virus O174L Protein and Analysis of Molecular Characteristics Shagainar Jurmt, Xiao LIN, Zhaoji SHEN, Xiaorong GUO, Kui LI, Hong JIA, Rong ZHOU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (4): 114-127.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0162 Abstract （430）   HTML （2）    PDF （7973KB）（27）       Knowledge map    Save To study the O174L gene of African swine fever virus （ASFV）， the O174L gene was connected to the vector pRK5M-C-2×Strep through homologous recombination， and the eukaryotic expression vector of ASFV was constructed. After PCR amplification and sequencing identification， the recombinant plasmid was transfected into porcine intestinal epithelial cells （IPEC-J2）. The expression of O174L protein was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. The PCR and sequencing results showed that recombinant plasmid pRK5M-C-2×Strep-O174L was successfully constructed. The results of immunofluorescence and Western blot showed that O174L protein could be stably expressed in IPEC-J2 cells. Bioinformatics analysis of O174L protein showed that the arrangement of the branches and isolates of the phylogenetic tree based on the O174L gene sequence was highly similar to that based on the B646L （p72） gene sequence. Among the 16 isolates from China， the similarity of the O174L gene sequence between the isolates was as high as 96.76%~100.00%. Compared with other type Ⅱ isolates in China， China/2018/AnhuiXCGQ had differences in the 67th， 75th and 110th amino acids of O174L， and GZ201801 had difference in the 110th amino acids. The O174L amino acid sequence of type Ⅰ isolates SD/DY-I/2021 and HeN/ZZ-P1/2021 were different from other Chinese type Ⅱ isolates at 13th， 73th， 93th， 95th， 113th and 114th amino acids， respectively. O174L protein was a stable hydrophilic protein without signal peptide and transmembrane region. The secondary structure of O174L protein was composed of α helix， β strand and random coil， and the prediction result of tertiary structure was consistent with the secondary structure. Above results provided the basis and experimental materials for studying the protein interaction and genetic evolution between ASFV and host. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development Status and Prospects of Rice Industry in Heilongjiang Province Yingnan GU, Xin LIU, Jingyuan WANG, Xinyu DUAN, Ying HUANG, Qingjuan LIN, Yanxia LIU, Hongwen BI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (12): 17-25.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1005 Abstract （421）   HTML （17）    PDF （1755KB）（410）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years， the rice industry in Heilongjiang province has developed well in planting， production and marketing， but there are still some problems such as quality degradation and low efficiency of processing enterprises. In order to promote the development of high-quality rice industry in Heilongjiang province， and improve productivity and efficiency，based on the statistical yearbook data of Heilongjiang province， field survey information and literature data， this paper analyzed the change characteristics of rice variety breeding， production and planting， quality， processing and sales of japonica rice in Heilongjiang province from 2016 to 2021， put forward suggestions to accelerate the development of rice industry in Heilongjiang province， including the construction of research and innovation center of seed industry， the construction of green ecological demonstration area and the strengthening of rice processing industry， which provided a variety of feasible ideas for the development of rice industry in Heilongjiang province. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Cyprinid Herpesvirus Ⅱ （CyHV-Ⅱ） Vaccine Linjiao WU, Lifang SUN, Chunhua ZHU, Hong ZHANG, Panpan DONG, Leiqing CHEN, Yunkun WU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (2): 137-144.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0775 Abstract （412）   HTML （3）    PDF （940KB）（64）       Knowledge map    Save Cyprinid herpesvirus Ⅱ （CyHV-Ⅱ） is the cause of （goldfish haematopoietic necrosis， GFHN），which can infect goldfish， Crucian carp and their hybrid at any developmental stage. It is a highly contagious disease with high mortality rate， which has caused huge economic losses to goldfish and Crucian carp aquaculture in China. The research and development of fish vaccine is the most effective way to prevent and treat the disease. The research and development progress of inactivated CyHV-Ⅱ vaccine， subunit vaccine， nucleic acid vaccine， live vector vaccine and Nano-delivered vaccines were reviewed in this paper. Furthermore， the application prospect of fish vaccine nano materials was discussed， which would provide new technical methods and new ideas for the prevention and treatment of goldfish herpes disease and fish vaccine research. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Innovation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Germplasm Resources Zifeng GUO, Lei HUANG, Kui LI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (4): 14-22.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0744 Abstract （397）   HTML （9）    PDF （583KB）（296）       Knowledge map    Save Livestock and poultry germplasm resources are the basis of germplasm innovation. It is a great significance to improve the core competitiveness of Chinese animal husbandry in the international market， increase farmers’ income， and realize the sustainable development of animal husbandry by independent cultivation of good seed lines with excellent traits and stable inheritance. The innovation of livestock and poultry germplasm resources is to optimize the germplasm characteristics through modern biological breeding methods， so that the breeding offspring can preserve more genetic information of good parental traits and enhance the economic value of livestock and poultry products. The utilization of livestock and poultry germplasm resources is mainly to supply human nutrition and production needs in the form of meat， milk， eggs and other livestock and poultry products. At present， Chinese germplasm resources are very rich， but there are still deficiencies in the innovation and utilization of germplasm resources. In this review， we summarized the basic situation and existing problems of the conservation and utilization of livestock and poultry germplasm resources， and breeding recommendations for new germplasm of livestock and poultry was expounded. On this basis， it was prospected the breeding goal， breeding considerations and industrial development of new germplasm of livestock and poultry. We hope to provide suggestions for the subsequent breeding of livestock and poultry breeds and the rational utilization of various livestock and poultry germplasm. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Change Trend and Risk of China’s Food Production Lili SONG, Ruitao ZHANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (2): 1-9.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0855 Abstract （396）   HTML （11）    PDF （1910KB）（157）       Knowledge map    Save Food production is crucial to the national transportation and people’s livelihood， and food security is the top priority in governing the country. From grain production capacity and grain business entities， China’s food rations are self-sufficient and the planting structure has been further optimized. However， there are still realistic difficulties in grain production， such as tighter constraints on ecological resources， low enthusiasm of grain business entities to grow grain， and increase risks of uncertainty in international trade， which have brought considerable impact on China’s grain production. So this paper proposed to further implement the strategy of “storing grain on the ground， storing grain in technology”， cultivate new food production and operation entities to adapt to the new era， and improve the ability of risk prevention and control and subsidy guarantee to ensure the long-term sustainable food security in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Layout and Implementation Effect Analysis of the “13 th Five-Year” National Key Research and Development Program’s “Forestry Resource Cultivation and Efficient Utilization Technology Innovation” Wen DONG, Ming CAI, Pan HU, Miao LU, Zhenzhong WANG, Kangtai SUN, Yufei LI, Bingyou LU, Hui ZHANG, Xiaoming DENG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (4): 1-8.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0767 Abstract （394）   HTML （10）    PDF （834KB）（182）       Knowledge map    Save The reform of the “13th Five-Year” National Science and Technology Plan established a new framework for national key research and development programs. The inclusion of the “Forestry Resource Cultivation and Efficient Utilization Technology Innovation” aimed to support technological innovation in forestry. This initiative was strategically designed to reveal mechanisms for regulating forestry resource cultivation and efficient utilization， enhance the unit productivity of major artificial forests， and improve resource utilization efficiency. The approach involved organizing basic research， key technology research， and technology integration demonstrations through an “innovation chain layout and integrated implementation of the industrial chain”. By the end of 2022， the program had concluded successfully and completed the comprehensive performance evaluation. This study， focusing the "Forestry Resource Cultivation and Efficient Utilization Technology Innovation" of the “13th Five-Year” National Science and Technology Plan， summarized and analyzed the background， project initiation， and implementation effectiveness， which would serve as a valuable reference for the future allocation， organization and management of forestry science and technology resources. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Morphological and Polygenetic Identification of Pathogen of Wheat Leaf Blight Tongtong ZHENG, Wendi YANG, Ning WANG, Junjie MA, Long LIU, Qingyuan GUO Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (2): 111-118.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0912 Abstract （390）   HTML （1）    PDF （3701KB）（33）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the causes and pathogens of wheat leaf blight and spot phenomenon in Tacheng wheat producing area of Xinjiang， more random sampling dry leaf or with irregular disease spot disease of plants were collected from Tacheng prefecture Emin county， and pathogenic bacteria were isolated and purified from diseased leaves by routine tissue separation. The pathogenicity was determined by acupuncture inoculation. And the species of pathogens were identified by morphological observation and multi-gene sequence analysis. The results showed that 76 strains of Alternaria spp were isolated and identified， which confirmed as pathogens by pathogenicity determination. Through the morphological identification， 76 strains belonged to A. alternata， A.rosae and A. infectoria， among which， A. alternata as the main pathogen with 50% frequency of separation. Based on sequences of EF-1 and Alt genes and ITS， the evolutionary tree was constructed， and the three kinds of representative strains YC3， LK19， LK3 showed 100%， 100% and 99% homology with A. alternata， A. rosea and A.infectoria， respectively， which was consistent with morphological identification results. The above results showed that， in Tacheng prefecture， Xinjiang winter wheat field of area， the phenomenon of wheat leaf blight for chain and spore wheat leaf blight was caused by Alternaria infection， and A. alternata， A. rosae and A. infectoria were the main pathogens. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Flowering Regulation and Flower Morphogenesis of Rose Zhiying XIONG, Rui YU, Ziyi HU, Yuman ZHANG, Qinglin LIU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (2): 68-75.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0098 Abstract （380）   HTML （5）    PDF （1095KB）（280）       Knowledge map    Save Rose has great ornamental value and economic value. Flowers is one of the important economic ornamental organs， flowering time and flower shape on the production and application have very important significance. As one of the few woody flowers continuous blooming， the research of rose flowering regulation and flower formation is of great significance. This article summarized the research progress from the flowering regulation pathway， flower bud differentiation， morphogenesis， and flowering regulation approach in recent years， hoping for ornamental flower crop development， flowering regulation and providing reference for design modification. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Situation and Strategy of Honeybee Genetic Resources Protection in China Xiao CHEN, Fuqing YU, Jian LU, Yazhou ZHAO, Jiandong AN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (5): 1-7.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0371 Abstract （378）   HTML （8）    PDF （455KB）（397）       Knowledge map    Save Honeybee genetic resources are rich in China. These resources have different characteristics. They are excellent germplasm resources and are basic materials for breeding. At present， there are 14 local varieties， 8 cultivated varieties， 8 introduced varieties， and 8 other bee resources in China. Among them， Chinese honeybee is the native bees in China，which is an indispensable original breeding material for cultivating new high-quality honeybee breeds， and is also a national protected species. The current situation of honeybee resources protection and existing problems of honeybees genetic resources protection in China were summarized， and the suggestions for honeybee genetic resources protection were put forward， which was of great significance to the development of honeybee genetic resources protection in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Etiology and Histopathological Study of Surface Ulcer of Cynoglossus semilaevis Yating WU, Xiaoyu WANG, Qingping TANG, Zun WU, Haofeng GAO, Xuexin HE, Zhanglei YANG, Xuying JIA, Peng SHAO Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (6): 135-143.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.1108 Abstract （376）   HTML （3）    PDF （3039KB）（17）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the causes of ulcers on the surface and a large number of deaths of the Cynoglossus semilaevis in a certain farm， bacterial isolation was performed from the liver， spleen and kidney of the diseased fish， and dominant strains 8-0634 and 8-0635 were obtained from the spleen and kidney， respectively. The strains were used for artificial infection experiments， and the results showed that only strain 8-0635 could cause the death of the Cynoglossus semilaevis and the symptoms were scale off， ascites， intestinal congestion to the outward， spleen， kidney and other organs atrophy congestion. A large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration occured between tissues. According to the results of Gram staining and physiological and biochemical experiments， the strain was initially identified as Vibrio harveyi， and then the phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the housekeeping gene and 16S rRNA sequence to further identify the pathogenic bacteria as Vibrio harveyi. The pathological description and drug susceptibility test were performed. The results of drug susceptibility test showed that the pathogen was high sensitivity to various drugs such as cefoperazone， florfenicol， chloramphenicol and ampicillin. This study provided a theoretical basis for disease prevention and control of fish infected with Vibrio harveyi. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Scientific and Technological Innovation of Soybean Seed Industry in China：Current Situation and Strategy Wenyue WANG, Zhipeng YAO, Yang YU, Yiqiang GE Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (3): 1-6.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0016 Abstract （373）   HTML （28）    PDF （3619KB）（277）       Knowledge map    Save China is a major soybean consumer and importer. Promoting the revitalization of the soybean industry and strengthening the technological innovation of the soybean seed industry have great significances for ensuring China’s food and safety. Based on the data of China’s soybean planting area， export， and import volume since 2016 and relevant research advances， this paper analyzed the situation challenges faced by China’s soybean industry， such as large rigid demand and long-term dependence on imports， low average yield level and limited planting area， and potential risks faced by imports that would exist for a long time and are not easy to share. This paper briefly described the scientific and technological innovation results of China’s soybean seed industry during the “13th Five-Year” Plan period， and systematically analyzed the problems faced by the scientific and technological innovation of China’s soybean seed industry， such as low research level of germplasm resources， insufficient original scientific and technological innovation ability， imperfect commercial breeding system， lagging intellectual property protection system. It also put forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the scientific and technological innovation and development of China’s soybean seed industry， in order to promote China’s soybean seed industry technology self-reliance development. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Whole Genome Sequencing of Multi-drug Resistant Escherichia coli and Its Drug Resistance Analysis Haili LI, Yindi XU, Zhifang WANG, Wenhao ZHU, Lixian ZHANG, Chunjiang MA Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (6): 113-121.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0169 Abstract （370）   HTML （3）    PDF （4555KB）（47）       Knowledge map    Save In order to understand colistin resistance genes carried by Escherichia coli， screen sensitive plant drugs， and solve the dilemma of multiple drug resistance and no drug option in animal clinic， the resistance genes of Escherichia coli were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 78 antibiotics were detected， and the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of 4 kinds of natural plant extracts （palmatine， berberine， baicalin and macleaya cordata） were tested. The results showed that 145 strains of E.coli were isolated and identified from intestinal tract of swine clinical diarrhea cases in 2021 （from January to December） and 2022 （from January to June）， and a clinical strain carrying colistin resistance genes （mcr-4，mcr-5） and β-lactamases blaTEM and AmpC was identified， which named HN2149. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 78 antibiotics showed that the HN2149 strains was sensitive to cefepime， cefodizime， fosfomycin， cefixime， meropenem， cefoxitin， cefazolin， cefoperazone， cefotaxime， ceftazidime， cefuroxime， ceftriaxone， aztreonam， piperacillin-tazobactam， ticacillin/clavulanic acid， cefoperazone sulbactam， ceftazidime/clavulanic acid， cefotaxime/clavulanic acid， ceftizoxime， cefmetazole， cefetamet， and was resistant to 57 antibiotics. The drug sensitivity of 4 plant extracts showed that the macleaya cordata had the best bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect on HN2149 strain， while the other 3 extracts had no effects on HN2149 strain. Above results provided reference for the prevention and control of swine colibacillosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Analysis of Large-Scale Saccharina japonica Damage in the Principal Farming Area of Rongcheng in Shandong Province from 2021 to 2022 Xiaodong LI, Li SU, Xiaojie LI, Jie LI, Yingjiang XU, Lirong CHANG, Rencheng YU, Dezhou YANG, Shaojun PANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (1): 206-222.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0728 Abstract （363）   HTML （13）    PDF （10128KB）（156）       Knowledge map    Save Large-scale festered Saccharina japonica damage broke out in Rongcheng， one of the principal Saccharina japonica production region in China from November 2021 to April 2022. This natural disaster covered an area of 9 300 hm2 and caused a direct economic loss of 20×108 yuan （RMB）. Results of field survey， indoor culture experiments and historical data analyses unveiled the sequential process of this unprecedented event. Driven by surface water current， red tide of Gonyaulax polygramma and Akashiwo sanguinea travelled from the west to the east along and bypassed Shandong peninsula， entering Saccharina japonica farming region. Dissolved phosphorus in seawater was detected to be at 3.68 μg·L-1， reaching limited level for Saccharina japonica growth. Seedlings of Saccharina japonica grew normally in seawater sampled from the problematic area. Survey buoy mounted at the problematic region recorded a significant low salinity of 30.92 PSU and a much higher surface water transparency during the breaking time. In general， over high seasonal water transparency and exhausted nutrients resulted from the red tides were considered to be the direct causes. Festered blade tissue facilitated propagation of alginate-degrading bacteria， causing secondary damage in the entire farming region. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome-wide Identification and Bioinformatics Analysis of GRAS Gene Family in Maize Zhanqing WU, Wei CHEN, Zhan ZHAO, Hailiang XU, Haoyuan LI, Xingxing PENG, Dongxu CHEN, Mingyue ZHANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (3): 15-25.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0551 Abstract （360）   HTML （15）    PDF （5358KB）（214）       Knowledge map    Save GRAS gene family is a kind of transcription factor widely distributed in plants， which plays an important role in plant growth and development， biological and abiotic stress， light signal， hormone signal response and other processes. The physicochemical properties， chromosome localization， phylogeny and cis-acting elements of GRAS gene family in maize were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 49 ZmGRAS genes were identified in the whole genome of maize， which were unevenly distributed on chromosomes 1 to 10， and the physicochemical properties of the encoded proteins were very different， which might play a role in different microenvironments. Phylogenetic analysis classified GRAS proteins into 8 subfamilies， which might play important roles in regulating growth and development and stress response. The promoter regions of GRAS genes in maize contained variety of cis-acting elements such as hormone response， light response and stress response， which might be involved in important response such as hormone and stress. Collinear analysis showed that genes with collinear relationships might be the result of replication of chromosome segments， and belonged to the same subfamily with similar structure and function. The identification and analysis of GRAS gene family in maize provided the basis for further research on the function of GRAS genes and their response mechanisms to stress in maize. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutralization Goals and Realization Paths of the Aquaculture and Fishing Industry in China Xue LI, Zifei LIU, Mingjun ZHAO, Lejun XU, Huiwu SUN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2022, 24 (11): 13-26.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0087 Abstract （359）   HTML （12）    PDF （3563KB）（201）       Knowledge map    Save Under the background of carbon peak and carbon neutralization，setting and implementing reasonable industry-specific goals has practical significance for the green and high-quality development of China’s fishery and the “dual carbon” strategy. Fishery mainly contains the aquaculture and fishing industry and has double attributes of carbon source and carbon sink. Based on the existing carbon emission and carbon sink accounting methods， this paper explored the “double carbon” goals of China’s aquaculture and fishing industry and the paths to achieve it. The analysis results showed that： ①from 2011 to 2020， due to the double influences of the expansion of fishery and the policy of “reducing ships and changing production”， the carbon emissions increased firstly and then decreased， but it remained to be seen whether the carbon emissions reached a peak； carbon emissions from aquatic feed was the largest carbon source； ② due to the affection of the rapid development of aquaculture， the carbon sinks experienced a rise in volatility， and aquaculture became the primary source of carbon sinks； ③aquaculture and fishing industry were both dual in carbon cycle， and they were more carbon source in China with over 3×107 t of carbon not being neutralized. This paper set reasonable goals of carbon peak and neutralization for aquaculture and fishing industry， based on the big demand of aquatic products and the high-quality green development of aquaculture and fishing industry in China. In order to achieve the carbon goals， this paper proposed technical paths of reducing emissions in key links and expanding fishery sinks， social management methods for exploring fishery carbon trading mechanism and strengthening policy guidance. This paper provided useful reference for supporting China’s aquaculture and fishing industry to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutralization goals， and promote the transformation and upgrade of China’s aquaculture and fishing industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Organ Segmentation and Phenotypic Analysis of Soybean Plants Based on Three-dimensional Point Clouds Yitong XIAO, Shuai LIU, Chenlian HOU, Qi LIU, Fuzhong LI, Wuping ZHANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (8): 115-125.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0861 Abstract （352）   HTML （13）    PDF （3043KB）（194）       Knowledge map    Save In order to solve the problem of high-throughput phenotypic measurements caused by clustering and mutual shading of leaves of multi-branched crops such as soybean， a method of organ segmentation and phenotypic parameter measurement based on three-dimensional（3D）point clouds of the plant was proposed. Firstly， multi-view images of soybean plants were collected at the branching stage and used 3D reconstruction technology to obtain dense point clouds of plants， filtered point cloud noise and restored the actual scale. Further， the difference of normals algorithm， the improved regional growth algorithm and the point clouds curvature feature were used to segment the organs of the plant. Finally， the leaf area， leaf width， leaf length， leaf inclination angle and stem diameter were extracted by using the oriented bounding box， improved triangulation and the nearest neighbor algorithm. The results showed that the average segmentation rate of canopy leaf point clouds after organ segmentation was 84.24%， and the segmentation rate of single leaf point clouds was higher than 95.29%， and the measured values of phenotypic parameters had strong correlation with the manually measured values. The coefficients of determination of leaf area， leaf width， leaf length， leaf inclination and stem diameter measurements and manual measurements were 0.987 9， 0.961 3， 0.962 6， 0.931 1 and 0.963 4， respectively， with root mean square errors of 0.541 7 cm2， 0.141 2 cm， 0.175 5 cm， 3.279 6° and 0.047 5 cm. The proposed method had a good segmentation effect on plants with leaves adhering to each other and provided an effective solution for organ segmentation and phenotypic parameter measurement of multi-branched crops. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Control Effect of Microbial Fertilizers on the Replanting Disease and Helicobasidium mompa Tanaka of Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. Xiaoling LI, Wuxian ZHOU, Xiaogang JIANG, Darong LI, Daye HUANG, Meide ZHANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (3): 119-131.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0284 Abstract （351）   HTML （3）    PDF （2022KB）（29）       Knowledge map    Save To solve the problems of replanting disease and Helicobasidium mompa Tanaka in C. tangshen Oliv. under continuous cropping system， an experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of microbial fertilizers （Chongchaling and Xinteruijun） on the growth and soil enzyme activity of continuous cropping C. tangshen Oliv.. The results showed that， compared with the control （CK）， the seedling survival rates were significantly increased by 42.3% and 38.4% after using Chongchaling and Xinteruijun for 2 years， respectively. The incidence rate of Helicobasidium mompa Tanaka followed the order of CK （13.4%）> Xinteruijun （3.4%）> Chongchaling （0%）. These two microbial fertilizers could effectively control Helicobasidium mompa Tanaka， among which Chongchaling had better control effect than Xinteruijun. Compared with the CK， Chongchaling significantly increased the fresh weight and yield by 20.3% and 71.4%， respectively； Xinteruijun significantly increased the fresh weight and yield by 34.6% and 85.7%. Chongchaling and Xinteruijun significantly increased the chlorophyll a content of C. tangshen Oliv. by 4.9% and 2.6%， respectively. Meanwhile， Chongchaling and Xinteruijun significantly increased the total chlorophyll content by 5.3% and 3.0%， respectively. Furthermore， compared with the CK， the activities of catalase， peroxidase and superoxide dismutase under the Chongchaling were decreased respectively. Moreover， the contents of malondialdehyde and O {}_{\mathrm{2}}^{-} · were decreased， while the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein were increased. The soluble protein content under Xinteruijun was increased. Compared with the CK. Chongchaling significantly decreased the total protein content （15.6%~16.5%）， Xinteruijun significantly increased the lobetyolin content （10.1%~15.3%）. The responses of soil enzyme activities to the application of two microbial fertilizers were similar. Compared with the CK， Chongchaling and Xinteruijun significantly improved the activities of urease， alkaline phosphatase and accharase， while decreased the activity of catalase. In conclusion， microbial fertilizers could promote the growth and control the Helicobasidium mompa Tanaka of continuous cropping C. tangshen Oliv. mainly by regulating photosynthetic metabolism， antioxidation， and soil enzyme activity. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Sludge Biochar in Soil Improvement Xudong WANG, Xuebing REN, Shu TANG, Qin GUO, Mengyao XUE, Peng JIN, Yunhua ZHANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (6): 165-173.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.1025 Abstract （349）   HTML （7）    PDF （878KB）（117）       Knowledge map    Save With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization， sludge， as a by-product of sewage treatment， is increasing in yield. Organic pollutants and heavy metals in sludge taking some difficulties to make sludge harmless and resourceful. The biochar produced from sludge pyrolysis is a new way of sludge treatment in recent years， which has the advantages of stability， reduction and recycling. Sludge biochar is a kind of soil improvement material with good performance， which can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil， such as bulk density， pH， cation exchange capacity， heavy metal content， etc. In addition， Sludge biochar can also improve soil fertility and promote plant growth. This study summarized the composition of the sludge source and biochar sludge pyrolysis mode of production and characterization， and discussed the sludge biochar application of heavy metals on soil physical and chemical properties and the influence of mechanism. The research and application progress of single and cothermal sludge biochar were analyzed， and the main problems and future development direction of sludge biochar for soil improvement were put forward. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Advance on Molecular Physiological Mechanisms of the Effect of Suboptimal Low Temperatures on Plant Growth and Nitrogen Nutrition Changzheng WU, Wenxuan PU, Song SHENG, Yucheng XIANG, Weiqin YANG, Wenrui LI, Pingjun HUANG, Laihua LIU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (1): 16-25.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0896 Abstract （348）   HTML （13）    PDF （1482KB）（165）       Knowledge map    Save Low temperatures at early spring is one of the environmental constrains affecting plant growth. Low-temperature stress results in a severe decrease in the crop yield and quality， as well as the effective utilization of plant nutrients including nitrogen. Relevant studies have focused mostly on the analysis of physiological and molecular regulatory networks of plant growth when temperature was lower than 15 ℃.Exogenous application of certain substances e.g. nitrogen fertilizer or hormone could improve plant cold tolerance， so this article reviewed the influence of the suboptimal temperature on growth phenotype of some major crops， physiological and metabolic change， and nitrogen use， summarized and discussed the biological mechanisms of plant response to the sub-optimum temperature in association with the regulation of nitrogen acquisition and utilization， which was expected to provide reference for future understanding of higher nitrogen use efficiency and its related molecular physiological mechanism under the sub-optimal low temperature. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics