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    Global Genetically Modified Crop Industrialization Trends in 2022
    Haohui LI, Caiyue LIU, Haiwen ZHANG, Xujing WANG, Qiaoling TANG, Youhua WANG
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (12): 6-16.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0756
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    Since the commercialization of genetically modified (GM) crops in 1996, their industrial applications have developed rapidly in worldwide with increasing planting area and crop types, which have significant economic and social benefits. This paper analyzed the global situation of GM crops cultivation in 2022, and the development trends of major countries and regions planting GM crops. In 2022, the planting area of GM crops accounted for about 12% of the total arable land area with an increase of 3.3%. The number of the countries approved to cultivate GM crops increased to 29, and 71 countries and regions approved the commercial application of GM products. Based on the planting area of GM crops, the GM corn and soybean were dominant, and the planting area of the GM crops with multiple traits was also constantly expanding. The industrial applications of GM crops will become new growth driver for agricultural production and economic development, and the applications and effects of GM crops will continuously increase with the iterative upgrading of bioengineering breeding technologies.

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    Current Situation and Countermeasures Analysis of China’s Crop Seed Industry
    Lingbo KONG, Qiao LIN, Yingli NIE, Jingjing WANG, Hong WEI
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (4): 1-13.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0507
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    Crop seed industry is a national strategic and basic core industry, which is the foundation for promoting the long-term stable development of China’s agriculture and ensuring the national food security. In order to comprehensively study the development status of China’s crop seed industry, there were three dimensions of seed industry had been analyzed, including the seed industry policy, enterprise competitiveness and the supply and demand status of superior seed production. The key points of policy support in crop seed industry were summarized, the core competitiveness of leading enterprises was shown and the advantage had been contrasted with international seed enterprises. Meanwhile, the industrialization characteristics of two superior seed were analyzed, such as hybrid maize and hybrid rice. Based on the content of analyzed, the problems in the development of China’s crop seed industry were summarized. The countermeasures and suggestions put forward for establishing a financial security system, strengthening the protection and utilization of germplasm resources, accelerating the innovation of breeding technology, promoting the joint breeding of science and enterprises, and improving the legal and regulatory system, which would provide reference for the innovation and development of China’s crop seed industry.

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    Research Progress on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/Unfolded Protein Response Caused by Herpesvirus
    Haiqing CAI, Wei WANG, Maoqin ZENG, Wenwen BI, Li CHEN, Qiandong ZHANG, Yang YUAN, Ming WEN
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (9): 131-139.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0538
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    Endoplasmic reticulum is the main site of protein folding and post-translational modification in eukaryotic cells. It also participates in the regulation of Ca2+ and lipid storage and synthesis, and has important physiological functions. Herpesviruses is a class of enveloped DNA viruses. The synthesis and processing of its surface glycosylated envelope proteins depends on the endoplasmic reticulum. During virus replication, a large number of synthesized glycosylated envelope proteins are excessive in the endoplasmic reticulum. Accumulation causes endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), which in turn leads to unfolded protein response (UPR). Some herpesviruses may have evolved mechanisms to regulate the UPR to create an optimal egoistic environment for the replication process. When they replicate in host cells, they will cause related endoplasmic reticulum UPR signaling cascades, such as cell damage, inflammation, apoptosis, etc. In this paper, the mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response (ERS/UPR) response to viruses was reviewed, and the molecular mechanism and related signaling pathways of ERS caused by herpes simplex virus type Ⅰ, pseudorabies virus, marek virus, duck enteritis virus and other herpes viruses were expounded, which provided theoretical basis for the research and development of herpes virus-related vaccines and drug targets.

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    Research Progress of Aquaponics System
    Ruikang SUN, Jinghua FU, Minjun XU
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (9): 227-233.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0598
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    Aquaponics is an innovative compound production system composed of recirculating aquaculture and hydroponic cultivation, which has the characteristics of high resource utilization rate, no chemical fertilizers and antibiotics, low consumption, high efficiency and sustainability. It is considered as a modern agricultural farming system of ecological protection. Although aquaponics system has developed rapidly in recent years and has been widely promoted and applied, it still lacks systematic cognition and holistic analysis. This paper summarized the technological development of aquaponics system, the main research contents, research progress and development trend at home and abroad. Combined with the development status of aquaponics system, it was predicted that the future aquaponics system construction would tend to be decoupled and ecological, the layout would move toward urbanization and three-dimensional, the large-scale intelligent and commercial implementation would be carried out, and the trend would be diversified and integrated innovation. Meanwhile, relevant improvement suggestions were put forward, which aimed to provide scientific ideas for the efficient construction and sustainable development of aquaponics complex system.

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    Development Status and Prospects of Rice Industry in Heilongjiang Province
    Yingnan GU, Xin LIU, Jingyuan WANG, Xinyu DUAN, Ying HUANG, Qingjuan LIN, Yanxia LIU, Hongwen BI
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (12): 17-25.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1005
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    In recent years, the rice industry in Heilongjiang province has developed well in planting, production and marketing, but there are still some problems such as quality degradation and low efficiency of processing enterprises. In order to promote the development of high-quality rice industry in Heilongjiang province, and improve productivity and efficiency,based on the statistical yearbook data of Heilongjiang province, field survey information and literature data, this paper analyzed the change characteristics of rice variety breeding, production and planting, quality, processing and sales of japonica rice in Heilongjiang province from 2016 to 2021, put forward suggestions to accelerate the development of rice industry in Heilongjiang province, including the construction of research and innovation center of seed industry, the construction of green ecological demonstration area and the strengthening of rice processing industry, which provided a variety of feasible ideas for the development of rice industry in Heilongjiang province.

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    Biosynthesis and Industrial Application of Astaxanthin
    Liqing MIAO, Xuhui MA, Suzhen LI, Rumei CHEN, Xiaoqing LIU
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (3): 21-29.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1091
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    A staxanthin belongs to the carotenoids. It has strong antioxidant activity and a variety of biological activities. Therefore, astaxanthin is widely used in food, chemical, medical and other fields. Astaxanthin has stereoisomerism and geometric isomerism. The different isomers have different biological activities and commercial applications. Nowadays, astaxanthin for commercial application mainly comes from chemical synthesis and extracts from microorganisms and Haematococcus pluvialis, but both of the methods have certain limiting factors. In order to open up a new astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway, more and more studies have reported that astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway is reconstructed in plants by genetic engineering technology to synthesize astaxanthin in recent years. At the same time, the stability of astaxanthin was improved to expand its application scope and enhance the absorption effect. the characteristics, main biosynthetic pathways and applications of astaxanthin were overviewed, and the development of plant genetic engineering research and active delivery system related to astaxanthin synthesis were summarized. It is expected that the combination and transformation of research results could promote the industrial application of astaxanthin in the future.

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    Epidemiology, Diagnostic Procedures of Schistosomiasis in Livestock and Prospect on Control Strategy
    Bihong ZHANG, Qi HUANG, Yan HUANG, Yaoquan LIU, Yong LIU, Jianguo WANG
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (6): 117-125.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.1078
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    Schistosomiasis is a catastrophic zoonotic disease and parasitic illness caused by Schistosoma (an aquatic parasite) for most mammals. Domestic animals, including cattle, sheep, goat, pig and so on, are susceptible to Schistosoma. This paper systemically reviewed the life cycle, transmission chain, and clinical symptoms of schistosomiasis in livestock, and analyzed the epidemiological characteristics, diagnostic techniques, and comprehensive control measures of schistosomiasis, which was expected to provide the guidance for the control and thearpy of Schistosomiasis in livestock.

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    Construction of Eukaryotic Expression Vector of African Swine Fever Virus O174L Protein and Analysis of Molecular Characteristics
    Shagainar Jurmt, Xiao LIN, Zhaoji SHEN, Xiaorong GUO, Kui LI, Hong JIA, Rong ZHOU
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (4): 114-127.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0162
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    To study the O174L gene of African swine fever virus (ASFV), the O174L gene was connected to the vector pRK5M-C-2×Strep through homologous recombination, and the eukaryotic expression vector of ASFV was constructed. After PCR amplification and sequencing identification, the recombinant plasmid was transfected into porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). The expression of O174L protein was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. The PCR and sequencing results showed that recombinant plasmid pRK5M-C-2×Strep-O174L was successfully constructed. The results of immunofluorescence and Western blot showed that O174L protein could be stably expressed in IPEC-J2 cells. Bioinformatics analysis of O174L protein showed that the arrangement of the branches and isolates of the phylogenetic tree based on the O174L gene sequence was highly similar to that based on the B646L (p72) gene sequence. Among the 16 isolates from China, the similarity of the O174L gene sequence between the isolates was as high as 96.76%~100.00%. Compared with other type Ⅱ isolates in China, China/2018/AnhuiXCGQ had differences in the 67th, 75th and 110th amino acids of O174L, and GZ201801 had difference in the 110th amino acids. The O174L amino acid sequence of type Ⅰ isolates SD/DY-I/2021 and HeN/ZZ-P1/2021 were different from other Chinese type Ⅱ isolates at 13th, 73th, 93th, 95th, 113th and 114th amino acids, respectively. O174L protein was a stable hydrophilic protein without signal peptide and transmembrane region. The secondary structure of O174L protein was composed of α helix, β strand and random coil, and the prediction result of tertiary structure was consistent with the secondary structure. Above results provided the basis and experimental materials for studying the protein interaction and genetic evolution between ASFV and host.

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    Research Progress on Innovation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Germplasm Resources
    Zifeng GUO, Lei HUANG, Kui LI
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (4): 14-22.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0744
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    Livestock and poultry germplasm resources are the basis of germplasm innovation. It is a great significance to improve the core competitiveness of Chinese animal husbandry in the international market, increase farmers’ income, and realize the sustainable development of animal husbandry by independent cultivation of good seed lines with excellent traits and stable inheritance. The innovation of livestock and poultry germplasm resources is to optimize the germplasm characteristics through modern biological breeding methods, so that the breeding offspring can preserve more genetic information of good parental traits and enhance the economic value of livestock and poultry products. The utilization of livestock and poultry germplasm resources is mainly to supply human nutrition and production needs in the form of meat, milk, eggs and other livestock and poultry products. At present, Chinese germplasm resources are very rich, but there are still deficiencies in the innovation and utilization of germplasm resources. In this review, we summarized the basic situation and existing problems of the conservation and utilization of livestock and poultry germplasm resources, and breeding recommendations for new germplasm of livestock and poultry was expounded. On this basis, it was prospected the breeding goal, breeding considerations and industrial development of new germplasm of livestock and poultry. We hope to provide suggestions for the subsequent breeding of livestock and poultry breeds and the rational utilization of various livestock and poultry germplasm.

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    Current Situation and Strategy of Honeybee Genetic Resources Protection in China
    Xiao CHEN, Fuqing YU, Jian LU, Yazhou ZHAO, Jiandong AN
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (5): 1-7.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0371
    Abstract459)   HTML8)    PDF (455KB)(606)       Save

    Honeybee genetic resources are rich in China. These resources have different characteristics. They are excellent germplasm resources and are basic materials for breeding. At present, there are 14 local varieties, 8 cultivated varieties, 8 introduced varieties, and 8 other bee resources in China. Among them, Chinese honeybee is the native bees in China,which is an indispensable original breeding material for cultivating new high-quality honeybee breeds, and is also a national protected species. The current situation of honeybee resources protection and existing problems of honeybees genetic resources protection in China were summarized, and the suggestions for honeybee genetic resources protection were put forward, which was of great significance to the development of honeybee genetic resources protection in the future.

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    Research Progress of Cyprinid Herpesvirus Ⅱ (CyHV-Ⅱ) Vaccine
    Linjiao WU, Lifang SUN, Chunhua ZHU, Hong ZHANG, Panpan DONG, Leiqing CHEN, Yunkun WU
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (2): 137-144.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0775
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    Cyprinid herpesvirus Ⅱ (CyHV-Ⅱ) is the cause of (goldfish haematopoietic necrosis, GFHN),which can infect goldfish, Crucian carp and their hybrid at any developmental stage. It is a highly contagious disease with high mortality rate, which has caused huge economic losses to goldfish and Crucian carp aquaculture in China. The research and development of fish vaccine is the most effective way to prevent and treat the disease. The research and development progress of inactivated CyHV-Ⅱ vaccine, subunit vaccine, nucleic acid vaccine, live vector vaccine and Nano-delivered vaccines were reviewed in this paper. Furthermore, the application prospect of fish vaccine nano materials was discussed, which would provide new technical methods and new ideas for the prevention and treatment of goldfish herpes disease and fish vaccine research.

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    Layout and Implementation Effect Analysis of the “13 th Five-Year” National Key Research and Development Program’s “Forestry Resource Cultivation and Efficient Utilization Technology Innovation”
    Wen DONG, Ming CAI, Pan HU, Miao LU, Zhenzhong WANG, Kangtai SUN, Yufei LI, Bingyou LU, Hui ZHANG, Xiaoming DENG
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (4): 1-8.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0767
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    The reform of the “13th Five-Year” National Science and Technology Plan established a new framework for national key research and development programs. The inclusion of the “Forestry Resource Cultivation and Efficient Utilization Technology Innovation” aimed to support technological innovation in forestry. This initiative was strategically designed to reveal mechanisms for regulating forestry resource cultivation and efficient utilization, enhance the unit productivity of major artificial forests, and improve resource utilization efficiency. The approach involved organizing basic research, key technology research, and technology integration demonstrations through an “innovation chain layout and integrated implementation of the industrial chain”. By the end of 2022, the program had concluded successfully and completed the comprehensive performance evaluation. This study, focusing the "Forestry Resource Cultivation and Efficient Utilization Technology Innovation" of the “13th Five-Year” National Science and Technology Plan, summarized and analyzed the background, project initiation, and implementation effectiveness, which would serve as a valuable reference for the future allocation, organization and management of forestry science and technology resources.

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    Scientific and Technological Innovation of Soybean Seed Industry in China:Current Situation and Strategy
    Wenyue WANG, Zhipeng YAO, Yang YU, Yiqiang GE
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (3): 1-6.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0016
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    China is a major soybean consumer and importer. Promoting the revitalization of the soybean industry and strengthening the technological innovation of the soybean seed industry have great significances for ensuring China’s food and safety. Based on the data of China’s soybean planting area, export, and import volume since 2016 and relevant research advances, this paper analyzed the situation challenges faced by China’s soybean industry, such as large rigid demand and long-term dependence on imports, low average yield level and limited planting area, and potential risks faced by imports that would exist for a long time and are not easy to share. This paper briefly described the scientific and technological innovation results of China’s soybean seed industry during the “13th Five-Year” Plan period, and systematically analyzed the problems faced by the scientific and technological innovation of China’s soybean seed industry, such as low research level of germplasm resources, insufficient original scientific and technological innovation ability, imperfect commercial breeding system, lagging intellectual property protection system. It also put forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the scientific and technological innovation and development of China’s soybean seed industry, in order to promote China’s soybean seed industry technology self-reliance development.

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    Genome-wide Identification and Bioinformatics Analysis of GRAS Gene Family in Maize
    Zhanqing WU, Wei CHEN, Zhan ZHAO, Hailiang XU, Haoyuan LI, Xingxing PENG, Dongxu CHEN, Mingyue ZHANG
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (3): 15-25.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0551
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    GRAS gene family is a kind of transcription factor widely distributed in plants, which plays an important role in plant growth and development, biological and abiotic stress, light signal, hormone signal response and other processes. The physicochemical properties, chromosome localization, phylogeny and cis-acting elements of GRAS gene family in maize were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 49 ZmGRAS genes were identified in the whole genome of maize, which were unevenly distributed on chromosomes 1 to 10, and the physicochemical properties of the encoded proteins were very different, which might play a role in different microenvironments. Phylogenetic analysis classified GRAS proteins into 8 subfamilies, which might play important roles in regulating growth and development and stress response. The promoter regions of GRAS genes in maize contained variety of cis-acting elements such as hormone response, light response and stress response, which might be involved in important response such as hormone and stress. Collinear analysis showed that genes with collinear relationships might be the result of replication of chromosome segments, and belonged to the same subfamily with similar structure and function. The identification and analysis of GRAS gene family in maize provided the basis for further research on the function of GRAS genes and their response mechanisms to stress in maize.

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    Countermeasures and Suggestions for Promoting the Industrialization of China’s Biological Breeding Technology
    Jingli GUO, Yuhong ZHANG, Caijiao SHENG
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (12): 1-5.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0608
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    Compared with traditional breeding technology, modern biological breeding technology has many advantages, such as high efficiency, good precision and short R&D cycle. It has become the research focus in the global seed industry. This article summarized the current development status of biological breeding industrialization in China, and proposed promotion strategies and suggestions based on the problems existing in the industrialization development. In China, modern biological breeding technologies represented by transgenic, gene editing, and genomic selection technologies are progressing in parallel with developed countries, and pilot projects for the industrialization of biological breeding have been initiated. Positive progress has been made in the industrialization of biological breeding in China, with the biological breeding industry becoming an important driver of rural economic development, the establishment of a preliminary technological innovation system across the entire industry chain, and the formation of a basic industrial policy and regulatory system. However, there are still prominent issues that need to be addressed, such as a high dependence on foreign R&D equipment in biological breeding, constraints on key core technologies, weak market competitiveness, and a lag in the supporting system for intellectual property rights in industrial applications of biological breeding. It is urgent to strengthen the construction of the biological breeding organization system, the technology research and development system, the scientific and technological equipment system, and the market supervision system. Emphasis should be placed on cultivating large multinational market entities to provide support for the orderly development of China’s industrialization of biological breeding.

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    Application Status and Development Trend of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Agricultural Engineering
    Yao XIAO, Mingliang WU
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (8): 1-9.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0300
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    Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a method for systematic analysis based on computer numerical calculation and image display. It is often used to analyze the flow mechanisms of gas-solid and gas-liquid two-phase flow in agricultural equipment. It is a new method for digital design of agricultural equipment, which has good application prospects. The commonly used calculation models of CFD in simulating agricultural materials and its application in agricultural equipment were summarized.Combined with the application of agricultural engineering, the future development trend of CFD was proposed on how to adapt to the future development needs of agricultural engineering. The results indicated that, due to the complex types of operation objects and easy damage of agricultural equipment, it was necessary to fully consider the physical characteristics of the operation objects and the relationship among components. The multidisciplinary coupling analysis, fine modeling and real-time prediction of high fidelity simulation would be the future development trend of CFD.

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    Whole Genome Sequencing of Multi-drug Resistant Escherichia coli and Its Drug Resistance Analysis
    Haili LI, Yindi XU, Zhifang WANG, Wenhao ZHU, Lixian ZHANG, Chunjiang MA
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (6): 113-121.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0169
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    In order to understand colistin resistance genes carried by Escherichia coli, screen sensitive plant drugs, and solve the dilemma of multiple drug resistance and no drug option in animal clinic, the resistance genes of Escherichia coli were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 78 antibiotics were detected, and the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of 4 kinds of natural plant extracts (palmatine, berberine, baicalin and macleaya cordata) were tested. The results showed that 145 strains of E.coli were isolated and identified from intestinal tract of swine clinical diarrhea cases in 2021 (from January to December) and 2022 (from January to June), and a clinical strain carrying colistin resistance genes (mcr-4,mcr-5) and β-lactamases blaTEM and AmpC was identified, which named HN2149. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 78 antibiotics showed that the HN2149 strains was sensitive to cefepime, cefodizime, fosfomycin, cefixime, meropenem, cefoxitin, cefazolin, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, aztreonam, piperacillin-tazobactam, ticacillin/clavulanic acid, cefoperazone sulbactam, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, ceftizoxime, cefmetazole, cefetamet, and was resistant to 57 antibiotics. The drug sensitivity of 4 plant extracts showed that the macleaya cordata had the best bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect on HN2149 strain, while the other 3 extracts had no effects on HN2149 strain. Above results provided reference for the prevention and control of swine colibacillosis.

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    Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Etiology and Histopathological Study of Surface Ulcer of Cynoglossus semilaevis
    Yating WU, Xiaoyu WANG, Qingping TANG, Zun WU, Haofeng GAO, Xuexin HE, Zhanglei YANG, Xuying JIA, Peng SHAO
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (6): 135-143.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.1108
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    To investigate the causes of ulcers on the surface and a large number of deaths of the Cynoglossus semilaevis in a certain farm, bacterial isolation was performed from the liver, spleen and kidney of the diseased fish, and dominant strains 8-0634 and 8-0635 were obtained from the spleen and kidney, respectively. The strains were used for artificial infection experiments, and the results showed that only strain 8-0635 could cause the death of the Cynoglossus semilaevis and the symptoms were scale off, ascites, intestinal congestion to the outward, spleen, kidney and other organs atrophy congestion. A large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration occured between tissues. According to the results of Gram staining and physiological and biochemical experiments, the strain was initially identified as Vibrio harveyi, and then the phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the housekeeping gene and 16S rRNA sequence to further identify the pathogenic bacteria as Vibrio harveyi. The pathological description and drug susceptibility test were performed. The results of drug susceptibility test showed that the pathogen was high sensitivity to various drugs such as cefoperazone, florfenicol, chloramphenicol and ampicillin. This study provided a theoretical basis for disease prevention and control of fish infected with Vibrio harveyi.

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    Development Strategy on Agricultural Microbial Industry in China
    Jingli GUO, Dlxat Nilufar, Daqing WANG
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (11): 1-7.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0682
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    The international market share of the agricultural microbial industry is increasing, making the development of germplasm resources, key technology research, safety monitoring and protection gradually become a battlefield in the field of agricultural microbial industry. It was found that the development of China's agricultural microbial industry still had limitations such as weak ability to tap and utilize resources, little breakthrough in key core technologies, weak international competitiveness of industrial development, and imperfect safety prevention and control system. In order to ensure national food security, improve the market share of biological agriculture economy, achieve green and sustainable development of agriculture, and consolidate the foundation of agricultural power. The government should accelerate the construction of the national agricultural microbial germplasm bank, strengthen the breakthrough of the key core technologies of agricultural microbial industry, optimize the development layout of agricultural microbial industry, increase support for agricultural microbial enterprises, improve the safety protection and monitoring system of agricultural microbial industry, and comprehensively enhance the international market share and international competitiveness of China's agricultural microbial industry.

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    Organ Segmentation and Phenotypic Analysis of Soybean Plants Based on Three-dimensional Point Clouds
    Yitong XIAO, Shuai LIU, Chenlian HOU, Qi LIU, Fuzhong LI, Wuping ZHANG
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (8): 115-125.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0861
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    In order to solve the problem of high-throughput phenotypic measurements caused by clustering and mutual shading of leaves of multi-branched crops such as soybean, a method of organ segmentation and phenotypic parameter measurement based on three-dimensional(3D)point clouds of the plant was proposed. Firstly, multi-view images of soybean plants were collected at the branching stage and used 3D reconstruction technology to obtain dense point clouds of plants, filtered point cloud noise and restored the actual scale. Further, the difference of normals algorithm, the improved regional growth algorithm and the point clouds curvature feature were used to segment the organs of the plant. Finally, the leaf area, leaf width, leaf length, leaf inclination angle and stem diameter were extracted by using the oriented bounding box, improved triangulation and the nearest neighbor algorithm. The results showed that the average segmentation rate of canopy leaf point clouds after organ segmentation was 84.24%, and the segmentation rate of single leaf point clouds was higher than 95.29%, and the measured values of phenotypic parameters had strong correlation with the manually measured values. The coefficients of determination of leaf area, leaf width, leaf length, leaf inclination and stem diameter measurements and manual measurements were 0.987 9, 0.961 3, 0.962 6, 0.931 1 and 0.963 4, respectively, with root mean square errors of 0.541 7 cm2, 0.141 2 cm, 0.175 5 cm, 3.279 6° and 0.047 5 cm. The proposed method had a good segmentation effect on plants with leaves adhering to each other and provided an effective solution for organ segmentation and phenotypic parameter measurement of multi-branched crops.

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    Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Bio-organic Fertilization on Tobacco Soil Characteristics and Tobacco Bacterial Wilt Control
    Xingsheng YIN, Lingfeng BAO, Yongyu PU, Jiali SUN, Qing ZHANG, Haiping LI, Mingying YANG, Yueping LIN, Huaixin WANG, Yonghong HE, Peiwen YANG
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (7): 122-131.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.1092
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    To analyze the relationship between the tobacco planting soil quality and the occurrence and development of tobacco bacterial wilt, and the control effect of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bio-organic fertilization on tobacco bacterial wilt, 4 nitrogen reduction levels (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) combined with bio-organic fertilizer were set up, with conventional nitrogen application as the control. The effects of each treatment on the main physiochemical properties of soil, the yield and quality of tobacco and the control effect of tobacco bacterial wilt were investigated. Based on the correlation analysis, the correlation between soil physiochemical factors and disease index was further analyzed. The results showed that the soil bulk density and pH of each treatment decreased. But the ratio of soil carbon and nitrogen, organic carbon, carbon storage, nitrogen storage, sucrase activity, urease activity, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen increased. The yield, the proportion of high-grade tobacco and the proportion of medium and high-grade tobacco also increased significantly. The results of correlation analysis showed that the disease index was extremely negatively correlated with soil C/N ratio, organic carbon content, carbon storage, nitrogen storage, sucrose activity, urease activity, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass C/N ratio (P<0.01), extremely positively correlated with soil pH (P<0.01), negatively correlated with microbial biomass nitrogen (P<0.05), positively correlated with soil bulk density, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, and negatively correlated with microbial biomass nitrogen. Under the experimental conditions, appropriate nitrogen reduction and combined application of bio-organic fertilizer could improve soil quality, tobacco yield and quality, and reduce the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt.

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    Analysis of Anti-diarrhoeal Genes and Immune Factors in Local Pig Breeds in Shanghai
    Jinyong ZHOU, Lingwei SUN, Keqin ZHANG, Jianjun DAI, Defu ZHANG, Zhenguo WANG, Xing ZHU, Caifeng WU
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (4): 128-143.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0229
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    In order to identify effective genetic markers for transporter-associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1), α(1, 2) fucosyltransferase 1 (FUT1), natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1), mucin 4 (MUC4) and mucin 13 (MUC13) genes in Shanghai local pig breeds, including Shanghai White pig, Fengjing pig and Shawutou pig, and provide a reference for the characterization of Shanghai local pig breeds,polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLR) and sequence sequencing were applied to analyze the polymorphisms of the above genes, combined with some immune-related factors to explore the effects on immunity of the 3 Shanghai local pig breeds. The results showed that TAP1 and MUC4 genes had anti-diarrheal genotype GG in all 3 pig breeds, while anti-diarrheal genotype GG of MUC13 gene was detected only in Fengjing pig and Shawutou pig, and anti-diarrheal genotype AA of FUT1 and NRAMP1 genes were not detected in any of the 3 pig breeds. TAP1 gene was in moderate polymorphism in Shanghai White pig, Fengjing pig and Shawutou pig, the MUC4 gene of Shanghai White pig was in low polymorphism, the MUC4 gene of Fengjing pig and Shawutou pig was in moderate polymorphism, and the MUC13 gene of Shanghai White pig was in moderate polymorphism, among which the TAP1 gene of Shanghai White pig and Shawutou pig did not satisfy Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and the MUC4 gene of Fengjing pig did not satisfy Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The interleukin 12 (IL-12) level of MUC13 gene type AA was significantly higher than that of type AG in Shanghai White pig, the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) index of TAP1 gene type AA was significantly higher than that of type GG and AG in Fengjing pig, and the IL-12 index of TAP1 gene type AG was significantly higher than that of type GG in Shawutou pig. Above results had some guiding significance for anti-diarrheal breeding and molecular selection of Shanghai White pig, Fengjing pig and Shawutou pig, and also laid the foundation for future anti-diarrheal breeding work of each local pig breeds in Shanghai.

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    Research and Development Status and Development Countermeasures of Artificial Meat
    Hui LIU, Xiaoxia XU, Jianbing YAN, Pingxiang WANG
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (3): 9-20.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0921
    Abstract393)   HTML11)    PDF (737KB)(233)       Save

    The development of artificial meat accords with the important strategic demand of green and low-carbon agriculture in China, which can ensure the increasing effective and safe supply of protein food, help to improve the national health level and control public health and safety risks. At present, the research and industrial development of artificial meat in foreign countries has started early and developed rapidly, and those in China are in the initial stage. In particular, the research and development of cultured meat in cells still have a long way to go, the main factors that restrict the development of artificial meat were the weakness of basic research, the high cost of industrialization, the unsound technical management standards, laws and regulations, and the low degree of public acceptance. In order to promote the development of artificial meat in China, it was necessary to create new ways to obtain protein resources with high efficiency, green and low carbon, strengthen basic research on artificial meat-related “Choking” problems, and intensify the integration and innovation of green and low-carbon industrial chains, perfect the system and mechanism of industrialization development.

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    Immune Effect of Nocardia seriolae Caviar Vaccine on Grouper
    Haofeng GAO, Peng SHAO, Zun WU, Yating WU, Xiaoyu WANG
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (2): 145-152.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0653
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    In order to explore the immune effect of inactivated vaccine of Nocardia seriolae on grouper, the immune protection of the vaccine on grouper was analyzed by the expression of immune gene. In this study, formalin-inactivated vaccine was prepared by this bacteria, and the pearl gentian grouper was immunized by intraperitoneal injection. The expression changes of TLR2MyD88TNF-α and IL-1β immune gene in the kidney, liver and spleen of the fish were detected by fluorescence quantitative method. The results showed that by injecting inactivated vaccine, the expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β genes were higher in kidney tissues, MyD88 gene’s expression was higher in spleen tissues, and TLR2 gene’s expression was higher in liver tissues. Except for a trend of decreasing relative expression of TNF-α gene in the tissue spleen, and the other genes showed up-regulation in all organs compared with that in blank group. Above results provided a theoretical basis for exploring the interaction between pearl gentian grouper and Nocardia seriolae, and laid a foundation for the development and application of fishery vaccines.

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    Current Status, Problems and Countermeasure of Raw Goat Milk Standard in China
    Guohui SHEN, Juan HAN, Yanting GU, Yanzhi GUO
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (3): 1-8.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0712
    Abstract391)   HTML20)    PDF (502KB)(233)       Save

    With the rapid economic development and the impact of the coronavirus, goat milk and its products are more and more favored by consumers, and the goat milk industry has also become the second largest dairy product consumption industry in China. However, the goat milk industry has recently faced bottlenecks. The industry develops with the standards which is the guideline for the industry, and the quality safety of raw goat milk is the first checkpoint for the goat milk industry. The lack of standards is the main reason why the current goat milk industry faces bottlenecks. This paper systematically sorted out the status quo of the standards and the regulatory mechanism of raw goat milk. It was found that there were some problems in the current standard of raw goat milk, such as mixed use of national standard cattle and sheep, low social participation in standard formulation, long standard age, and imperfect supervision and implementation system. Combined with the current situation of the goat milk industry, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward from the aspects of speeding up the formulation of national standards and improving the supervision system and mechanism.

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    Pathogen Identification of Kiwi Bacterial Wilt in Fujian
    Mengting JI, Changjiang CHEN, Liuhe LUO, Zhijian LIN, Menglin ZHAN, Bingye YANG, Fangping HU, Xueqing CAI
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (4): 144-152.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1058
    Abstract389)   HTML8)    PDF (3160KB)(59)       Save

    To identify the pathogenic agent of a newly bacterial wilt disease in kiwifruit, which found in Shihou village, Jiaocheng district, Ningde city, Fujian province in recent years, the bacterial strains were isolated and purified by the dilution separation method. The pathogenicity of the isolated strains was tested by inoculating on stems and roots of kiwifruit seedlings, and its taxonomic status were identified by Koch’s postulates, bacteria biological and biochemical characteristics, biolog test, PCR verification with the specific primer, evolutionary type was determined by multiplex PCR, analysis of 16S rDNA and endoglucanase gene (egl) sequences. The results showed that 9 strains were isolated and purified from the vascular tissues of the infected stems. Followed Kock’s postulates, the 9 strains could produce the similar symptoms on the inoculated kiwifruit seedlings, and the similar bacterial strains were also re-isolated. The colony morphology of the isolates was irregular, flat, spreading around, and could not produce viscous substances in NA medium, the colony color was dark red, producing reddish-brown pigment diffused into the medium and poor fluidity in TTC medium, while the colony was milky whitish in YDC medium. According to all kinds of analysis, the 9 isolates were identified as Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, belonging to biovar Ⅲ, phylotype Ⅰ (Asia group), sequevar 14. This was the first report of a disease caused by R.pseudosolanacearum on kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch). Above results provided a theoretical basis for the accurate and effective prevention and control of kiwifruit bacterial wilt.

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    Inhibition Mechanism of Water Extract from Spent Mushroom Substrateagainst Phytophthora infestans in potatoes
    Wenjing MO, Hongsen CHEN, Fangze GUI, Ciqing HONG, Xinkai CAI, Xiong GUAN, Xiaohong PAN
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (5): 129-137.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0159
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    Mushroom substrate is the residue of mushroom production, which is rich in inorganic salts and organic matter. The water extract from spent mushroom substrate(WESMS) of Lentinula edodes was prepared by hot water extraction,the ultraviolet (UV) absorption, surface charge and particle size distribution were characterized using an UV spectrophotometer, Zeta potential and particle size analyzer. The inhibition rate of WESMS against Phytophthora infestans was calculated by plate penetration and cross diameter measurement. Further, both optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the damage caused by WESMS to the morphology of the pathogen cells. Subsequently, the impact of WESMS on the DNA of Phytophthora infestans was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that WESMS could absorb UV rays at A (UVA, 315~400 nm), B (UVB, 280~315 nm) and C (UVC, 100~280 nm) bands. Moreover, the particle size distribution in water was 3 649.27 nm. The antibacterial experiment showed that WESMS had an inhibitory effect on the growth of pathogens. The inhibitory effect became more obvious with the increase of the volume percentage concentration of WESMS. The inhibition rate of WESMS against pathogens was nearly 100% at a high volume concentration of 6.25%. The mycelia of pathogenic cells treated with WESMS exhibited obvious distortion, flatness and wrinkles compared with the control group, which indicated that WESMS could cause severe damage to cells. In addition, the DNA band brightness of the treatment group was darker than that of the control group, and the degree of DNA damage was positively related to the volume percentage concentration of WESMS. Above results provided scientific basis and technical support for the utilization of spent mushroom substrate and its use in the effective control of potato late blight.

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    Application of Sludge Biochar in Soil Improvement
    Xudong WANG, Xuebing REN, Shu TANG, Qin GUO, Mengyao XUE, Peng JIN, Yunhua ZHANG
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (6): 165-173.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.1025
    Abstract382)   HTML7)    PDF (878KB)(118)       Save

    With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, sludge, as a by-product of sewage treatment, is increasing in yield. Organic pollutants and heavy metals in sludge taking some difficulties to make sludge harmless and resourceful. The biochar produced from sludge pyrolysis is a new way of sludge treatment in recent years, which has the advantages of stability, reduction and recycling. Sludge biochar is a kind of soil improvement material with good performance, which can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, such as bulk density, pH, cation exchange capacity, heavy metal content, etc. In addition, Sludge biochar can also improve soil fertility and promote plant growth. This study summarized the composition of the sludge source and biochar sludge pyrolysis mode of production and characterization, and discussed the sludge biochar application of heavy metals on soil physical and chemical properties and the influence of mechanism. The research and application progress of single and cothermal sludge biochar were analyzed, and the main problems and future development direction of sludge biochar for soil improvement were put forward.

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    Control Effect of Microbial Fertilizers on the Replanting Disease and Helicobasidium mompa Tanaka of Codonopsis tangshen Oliv.
    Xiaoling LI, Wuxian ZHOU, Xiaogang JIANG, Darong LI, Daye HUANG, Meide ZHANG
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (3): 119-131.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0284
    Abstract381)   HTML3)    PDF (2022KB)(31)       Save

    To solve the problems of replanting disease and Helicobasidium mompa Tanaka in C. tangshen Oliv. under continuous cropping system, an experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of microbial fertilizers (Chongchaling and Xinteruijun) on the growth and soil enzyme activity of continuous cropping C. tangshen Oliv.. The results showed that, compared with the control (CK), the seedling survival rates were significantly increased by 42.3% and 38.4% after using Chongchaling and Xinteruijun for 2 years, respectively. The incidence rate of Helicobasidium mompa Tanaka followed the order of CK (13.4%)> Xinteruijun (3.4%)> Chongchaling (0%). These two microbial fertilizers could effectively control Helicobasidium mompa Tanaka, among which Chongchaling had better control effect than Xinteruijun. Compared with the CK, Chongchaling significantly increased the fresh weight and yield by 20.3% and 71.4%, respectively; Xinteruijun significantly increased the fresh weight and yield by 34.6% and 85.7%. Chongchaling and Xinteruijun significantly increased the chlorophyll a content of C. tangshen Oliv. by 4.9% and 2.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, Chongchaling and Xinteruijun significantly increased the total chlorophyll content by 5.3% and 3.0%, respectively. Furthermore, compared with the CK, the activities of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase under the Chongchaling were decreased respectively. Moreover, the contents of malondialdehyde and O 2 - · were decreased, while the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein were increased. The soluble protein content under Xinteruijun was increased. Compared with the CK. Chongchaling significantly decreased the total protein content (15.6%~16.5%), Xinteruijun significantly increased the lobetyolin content (10.1%~15.3%). The responses of soil enzyme activities to the application of two microbial fertilizers were similar. Compared with the CK, Chongchaling and Xinteruijun significantly improved the activities of urease, alkaline phosphatase and accharase, while decreased the activity of catalase. In conclusion, microbial fertilizers could promote the growth and control the Helicobasidium mompa Tanaka of continuous cropping C. tangshen Oliv. mainly by regulating photosynthetic metabolism, antioxidation, and soil enzyme activity.

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    Research and Application of Directed Micro -Ecology in Soybean -Nodulating Rhizobia
    Yi CAO, Wenjing CUI, Ruiqiang MA
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (4): 215-224.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0758
    Abstract381)   HTML1)    PDF (2052KB)(148)       Save

    China has abundant soybean-nodulating rhizobia germplasm resources, but its application progress is slow, which inoculation area is only 1%~3% of the total soybean planting area in the country. The main reason for the situation is that rhizobia cannot produce spores and have poor stress resistance, resulting in short product shelf life and unstable application effects. In order to diversify, functionalize and differentiate rhizobia products and improve product activity and application effects, a directed micro-ecology (DME) system was used to optimize the culture and successfully achieved the directing cultivation as well as application evaluation of rhizobia and bacillus strains. The optimal culture medium for rhizobia (25.5 mL·L-1 molasses solution, 15.2 g·L-1 yeast extract, pH 6.98) was obtained through single-factor experiment of culture medium and response surface method. The medium formulation was applied in DME incubator at proper ventilation volume and incubation time, which made 1 strain of rhizobia (100 L·min-1, 20 h) and 3 strains of bacillus (150 L·min-1, 14 h) to achieve more than 50-folds amplification of microbial quantities to reach (20~50)×108 CFU·mL-1, and the rate of miscellaneous microorganism contamination was controlled below 5%. Pot experiments showed that the treatments of DME incubating strains were significantly better than the similar treatments of conventional cultured strains in the laboratory, which indicated that the DME incubator could better realize the application performances of functional microorganisms. The combination of rhizobia and bacillus could assist the rhizobia to better deliver its symbiotic function, which was specifically reflected in the increased number of nodules and chlorophyll content in the seedling stage, and the final yield was increased by nearly 20%, compared with single rhizobia strain. The DME system proposed in this study through the control of directed nutrition and growth strategies, allowed the target functional microorganisms to reach application-level yield and purity in a microecological environment containing a variety of microorganisms, achieving the same application performance as pure culture microbial product. It had important significance and application value to promote the industrialization of rhizobia, accelerating the promotion and application of functional strains.

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    Differential Expression Paradigm of Chemoreceptor Genes Between Males and Females at Different Developmental Stages of Carposina sasakii Matsumura
    Qian ZHANG, Lina MEN, Yiran LI, Qiao LIU, Angie DENG, Xiaowen HU, Yuhong ZHANG, Zhiwei ZHANG, Wei ZHANG
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (8): 151-162.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0338
    Abstract381)   HTML1)    PDF (2139KB)(29)       Save

    Carposina sasakii Matsumura is a notable fruit pest that damages many types of fruit trees. Behavior regulation technology has gradually gained attraction as a potential pest control method that is both environmentally conscious and effective. The insect behavioral mechanism of chemosensory perception is the basis of behavior regulation. A total of 242 olfactory genes were identified in the antenna transcriptome of the C. sasakii. Based on sequence alignment and functional background of similar genes in related species, 13 olfactory genes were selected and their potential recognition functions were analyzed using RT-qPCR. The results showed that 6 genes differentially expressioned between males and females at different developmental stages ( P<0.05), which corresponded to the behavioral phenotypes of adults. According to the difference expression levels between male and female adults during newly emerged, mature unmated and mature mated, OBP11 might play a role in detecting pheromones and mating behavior, OR45 might correspond to host-seeking and oviposition activities and IR5 was associated with mating and oviposition behavior. Above results laid theoretical molecular foundation for the identification of C. sasakii pheromone and olfactory-related genes and supported the implementation of behavioral regulators against the olfactory perception mechanism of C. sasakii as a more environmentally sustainable pest control strategy.

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    Bactericidal Mechanism of Antimicrobial Peptide PAJE Against Staphylococcus aureus and SCVs
    Siqi GAO, Xinjian YANG, Deqi ZHU, Mingwei GUAN, Yunting KOU, Cheng MAN, Jian JIAO
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (5): 156-166.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0878
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    Staphylococcus aureusS. aureus) and the small colony variants (SCVs) infection are considered as main issues affect livestock and poultry health. However, there are still many challenges in persistent and recurrent infections, and even drug resistance for treatment of traditional antibiotics.The antimicrobial peptide PAJE has the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. To study the mechanisms of peptide PAJE against S. aureus and SCVs, the antibacterial activity, stability and biological characteristics were determined. The results indicated that the antibacterial peptide PAJE had a penetration ability to destruct bacterial cell wall, even permeated 54.7% and 62.9% cell membrane. Additionally, the peptide PAJE could also up-regulate the Agr regulatory system genes, down-regulate the SigB regulatory system and biofilm forming related genes, which greatly inhibited biofilm formation. In addition, higher temperature and pH stability made PAJE better processing, storage, and environmental tolerance. In conclusion, the antimicrobial peptide PAJE could be a potential candidate peptide for the treatment of S. aureus, SCVs and their biofilm infections, which provided theoretical support for the development of reduce and replace antibiotics products.

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    Research Progress on Frass After Organic Waste Transformation by Black Soldier Fly
    Jingwen QIANG, Wanqing WANG, Manyu TANG, Shuang WU, Wei HUA, Xinyue ZHU, Yanling CHENG
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (5): 158-167.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0931
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    At present, the annual production of organic waste in our country is about 4.5 to 5.0 billion tons, if its improper treatment will have a negative effect on the atmosphere, water body, soil and other aspects, thus causing secondary pollution for the environment. Black soldier fly larvae can effectively decompose organic solid wastes and convert them into marketable products in line with the concept of circular economy, and the frass produced in this process can be used as organic agricultural fertilizers, thus promoting the transition from traditional economic development to ecological circular economic model. However, the nutrient of frass, the composition of microorganisms and bioactive compounds, the post-treatment requirements to improve the biostability of frass, and the mechanism of frass in soil and plant metabolism are still unclear. Therefore, in order to improve the resource utilization of organic waste and promote sustainable agricultural development, this paper emphasized the potential of organic waste transformation by the black soldier fly, summarized the characteristics of frass and its effects on plant growth, and focused on the current application of frass as plant fertilizer. The promoting effect of this product on the development of modern ecological agriculture was pointed out, and put forward some research problems to be solved in the future.

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    Effects of High Temperature on Fitness and Synchrony of Bemisia tabaci and Its Dominate Parasitoid
    Xueying FENG, Lukuan WANG, Yucui HUANG, Chunping YANG, Haiyun XU
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (5): 131-138.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0021
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    To reveal the effect of high temperature on the agricultural pests-natural enemies system under the background of climate change, the effect of high developmental temperature on the fitness and synchrony of Bemisia tabaci and its parasitoid Encarsia formosa were studied. The developmental duration, survival rate and body size of newly emerged females of B. tabaci and E. formosa, as well as egg load and the length of eggs of E. formosa were observed daily under constant optimum temperature (26 ℃) or alternating high/optimum temperature (30/26, 34/26 and 38/26 ℃). The results showed that the development duration of egg-1st instar nymph, 2nd instar nymph, and 3rd instar nymph of B. tabaci decreased as the temperature increased; the development of the whole pre-adult of B. tabaci was shortened by 1.6, 1.9 and 4.4 d at 30/26, 34/26 and 38/26 ℃ compared with that at 26 ℃; the hind tibia length of newly emerged B. tabaci females at 34/26 and 38/26 ℃ were significantly shorter than that under the optimum temperature conditions 26 ℃. Development duration of egg-larva and pupa of E. formosa under high temperature conditions were shortened; the development duration of the whole pre-adult was shortened by 2.2, 2.0 and 3.0 d at 30/26, 34/26 and 38/26 ℃ compared with that at 26 ℃; hind tibia length and the number of ova of E. formosa decreased as the temperature increased. Fitness of B. tabaci and E. formosa was significantly influenced by the increased developmental temperature. Their synchrony destroyed by the high temperature. The results of this study indicated that the different effects of environmental temperature changes on B. tabaci and its parasitoids should be fully considered in the practice of biocontrol, so that a reasonable strategy for biocontrol of B. tabaci could be formulated.

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    Research Progress on Mechanism of Brassinosteroids Regulating Plant Salt Tolerance
    Chen CHEN, Dawei CHENG, Lan LI, Hong GU, Xizhi GUO, Ming LI, Jinyong CHEN
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (2): 1-12.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0923
    Abstract367)   HTML11)    PDF (3066KB)(253)       Save

    Brassinosteroid(BR), as a novel and highly efficient plant hormone, is widely involved in various physiological processes of plants and has important roles in alleviating abiotic stresses. This article elaborated the biological functions of BR treatment in alleviating salt stress, and summarized the BR signaling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice and several horticultural plants. By introducing the salt tolerance mechanism of BR, it further analyzed the response signal transduction pathways when the plants subjected to salt stress, which provided a theoretical basis for the application of BR in improving salt tolerance in plants.

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    Quality Comparison and Comprehensive Evaluation of Different Zingiber officinale Rosc. Varieties
    Xiangdong WANG, Yue SONG, Yanzhi MA
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (4): 56-66.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0249
    Abstract363)   HTML5)    PDF (2752KB)(329)       Save

    In order to compare the quality of different ginger varieties, 8 ginger varieties were selected as materials and planted in experimental field in Tangshan of Hebei province, the rhizomes were reserved during harvest. The study measured the quality indexes and yield, and analyzed the membership function of each index, then evaluated their nutritional qualities. The results showed that the different ginger varieties had different quality performance in Tangshan area. ‘Jijiang 1’ had the highest soluble protein content, and ‘Jijiang 18’ had the highest polyphenol content. ‘Shandong Changyi big ginger’ had the highest content of soluble sugar, polysaccharide, curcumin, curcumin, flavonoids and vitamin C. The comprehensive evaluation of membership function showed that the order of ginger qualities in Tangshan area from high to low was ‘Shandong Changyi big ginger’>‘Jijiang 18’>‘Jijiang 7’>‘Jijiang 1’>‘Anhui Tongling ginger’>‘Jijiang 5’>‘Jijiang 2’>‘Shandong wawa ginger’. The varieties with high yield were ‘Shandong Changyi big ginger’, ‘Jijiang 5’ and ‘Jijiang 2’. The results provided theoretical basis for the breeding, development and utilization of new varieties in Hebei.

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    Assessing of Economic Costs on Global Invasive Insects Based on InvaCost Database
    Shiqi FAN, Guanghua ZHAO, Qi CAI, Duo WANG, Xiaoran ZHOU, Xuanye WEN
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (10): 137-143.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0027
    Abstract356)   HTML2)    PDF (1924KB)(126)       Save

    To clarify the damage losses of invasive insects, the economic cost of global invasive insects were assessed in monetized form. InvaCost database was used to analyze all insecta data, and the conservative economic costs, expenditure costs, management and loss costs, and major invasive insect species from 1970 to 2017 were counted separately, based on which generalized least squares regression, robust regression, and quantile regression 3 models to predict the possible costs from 2010 to 2019. The results showed that the economic cost due to insect invasion from 1970 to 2017 was 500 438 million dollar, with an annual average of 10 426 million dollar. The United States had the highest spending cost in the world, and China ranked second about 50 352 million dollar (340 113 million yuan), and the economic cost of Aedes spp. was the highest among all invasive insect species. The model predicted a possible economic cost of 292.362~709.725 billion dollar in the 21st century 10s, with a maximum confidence value of 367.224 billion dollar. The assessment showed that the global economic costs of invasive insects over the past few decades had been enormous, but proactive management was clearly lacking.

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    Identification of Streptomyces rochei HM85 and Its Biocontrol and Growth-promoting Effects on Sugar Beet
    Zhimin YANG, Huihao ZHANG, Yuanyuan ZHANG, Hongyan DU, Xiaodong LIU, Yaguang HOU, Yi WANG, Daolong XU, Jingui HUANG, Xiaoning CHENG, Yang SUI, Ruili WANG, Chao YU, Lingling ZHAO, Chunmei CHEN, Ru YA, Li JIA, Mingyue ZHANG, Hongwei WANG, Songyao YAO, Ying ZHAO, Ke SHAO
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (5): 148-155.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0144
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    Cercospora leaf sport of beet (CLS), caused by Cercospora beticola, is the most destructive foliar fungal disease of sugar beet worldwide which seriously restricts the development of China’s sugar industry. In order to screen and identify the antagonistic strains with biocontrol applications against Cercospora beticola, the rhizosphere soil samples of sugar beet were collected from Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia autonomous region and the antagonistic strain HM85 with stable antimicrobial activity was screened by dilution coating flat plate method and dual culture assay. The strain HM85 was identified as Streptomyces rochei based on its morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics along with 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.The results of dual culture test showed that the HM85 strain could significantly inhibit the growth of Cercospora beticola HB2-2-2 with inhibitory rate of 58.68%. In addition, the fermentation broth of S. rochei HM85 had antagonistic activity against Cercospora beticola and could promote the growth of sugar beet in pot tests,which plant height, fresh weight of plant,root length,fresh weight of root and root diameter was increased by 22.73%, 20.47%, 36.10%, 32.52%, 75.03% compared to the control, respectively. In summary, S. rochei HM85 could be exploited as a potential bio-inoculant improving production and biocontrol agent for sugar beet leaf sport disease control.

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    Study on Inhibitory Effect of Lipopeptides Produced by Bacillus subtilis Czk1 on Anthracnose and Powdery Mildewof Rubber Tree
    Chunping HE, Lanyan FAN, He WU, Yanqiong LIANG, Weihuai WU, Rui LI, Fucong ZHENG
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (6): 126-134.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0129
    Abstract348)   HTML3)    PDF (1875KB)(50)       Save

    Powdery mildew and anthracnose are important diseases which affect the production of natural rubber. In order to identify the inhibitory effect of lipopeptides from Bacillus subtilis Czk1 on anthracnose and powdery mildew of rubber tree,rubber seedling Reyan 7-33-97 was used as material, the effects of the lipopeptide extraction of strain Czk1 on the mycelia growth morphology and conidial development of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were studied by co-culture method. Vitro and pot experiments were carried out to evaluate the inhibitory effect on rubber tree anthracnose and powdery mildew. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis Czk1 lipopeptide could induce mycelial deformation and breakage of C. gloeosporioides. The minimum Czk1 lipopeptide concentration of inhibiting C. gloeosporioides was 40 mg·L-1, and the EC50 value of inhibiting condia germination of C. gloeosporioides was 3.80 mg·L-1. When the Czk1 lipopeptide concentration was 40 mg·L-1, the inhibition rate of condia germination of C. gloeosporioides was 68.84%. When the concentration of lipopeptide was 1 000 mg·L-1, the incidence rate of rubber tree anthracnose decreased 43.40% and 49.90%, the disease index of rubber tree powdery mildew decreased 32.60 and 21.60, and the inhibition effect of powdery mildew of rubber tree was 45.60%. The results showed that the lipopeptide of strain Czk1 could effectively reduce the incidence of anthracnose and powdery mildew, inhibit the growth of the pathogen and delay the expansion of the disease, which had good biocontrol potential to control the leaf diseases of rubber trees.

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    Research Advances on Plant Root Exudates in Response to Cadmium Stress
    Xiang WU, Juan LI, Yan CAO, Yanrong CHENG, Xuyu YAN, Ling LI
    Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2023, 25 (7): 12-20.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0619
    Abstract348)   HTML5)    PDF (530KB)(619)       Save

    With the rapid development of industry and agriculture and the the casual discharge of waste, heavy metal pollution has been serious in farmland soil. Cadmium (Cd) pollution is more serious in heavy metal pollution. The technology of in situ remediation by hyperaccumulative plants is the main means to remediate cadmium and other heavy metal pollution. Root is the first part of plants to contact with heavy metals such as Cd. As an important carrier, root exudates can conduct material exchange and energy transfer between plants, soil and microorganisms, and it can effectively regulate the rhizosphere microenvironment, affect the behavior of heavy metals in the rhizosphere environment, ultimately affect the absorption and transport of heavy metals by plants, and then affect the growth and development of plants themselves. This paper briefly described the effects of Cd stress on plant growth and development, analyzed the response of different kinds of root exudates under Cd stress, as well as the effects of root exudates on soil physical and chemical properties, rhizosphere microorganisms, the accumulation and transport of Cd,and analyzed the expression of genes pathways related to cadmium stress. In addition, regarding heavy metal pollution, this paper looked forward to the research trend of root exudates in order to explore the response mechanism of plant root exudates to cadmium stress in the future.

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